Leviticus 11:39
New International Version
“’If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass will be unclean till evening.

New Living Translation
“If an animal you are permitted to eat dies and you touch its carcass, you will be defiled until evening.

English Standard Version
“And if any animal which you may eat dies, whoever touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening,

Berean Standard Bible
If an animal that you may eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening.

King James Bible
And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.

New King James Version
‘And if any animal which you may eat dies, he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening.

New American Standard Bible
‘Also if one of the animals dies which you have for food, the one who touches its carcass becomes unclean until evening.

NASB 1995
‘Also if one of the animals dies which you have for food, the one who touches its carcass becomes unclean until evening.

NASB 1977
‘Also if one of the animals dies which you have for food, the one who touches its carcass becomes unclean until evening.

Legacy Standard Bible
‘Also if one of the animals dies which you have for food, the one who touches its carcass becomes unclean until evening.

Amplified Bible
‘If one of the animals that you may eat dies [of natural causes], whoever touches its carcass becomes unclean until the evening.

Christian Standard Bible
“If one of the animals that you use for food dies, anyone who touches its carcass will be unclean until evening.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
If one of the animals that you use for food dies, anyone who touches its carcass will be unclean until evening.

American Standard Version
And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcass thereof shall be unclean until the even.

Contemporary English Version
If an animal that may be eaten happens to die, and you touch it, you become unclean until evening.

English Revised Version
And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"When any animal that you are allowed to eat dies, whoever touches its dead body will be unclean until evening.

Good News Translation
If any animal that may be eaten dies, anyone who touches it will be unclean until evening.

International Standard Version
"If any of the animals that you may eat dies, the one who touches its carcass becomes unclean until evening.

Majority Standard Bible
If an animal that you may eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening.

NET Bible
"'Now if an animal that you may eat dies, whoever touches its carcass will be unclean until the evening.

New Heart English Bible
"'If any animal, of which you may eat, dies; he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

Webster's Bible Translation
And if any beast, of which ye may eat, shall die; he that toucheth its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

World English Bible
“‘If any animal of which you may eat dies, he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And when any of the beasts which are for food for you dies, he who is coming against its carcass is unclean until the evening;

Young's Literal Translation
'And when any of the beasts which are to you for food dieth, he who is coming against its carcase is unclean till the evening;

Smith's Literal Translation
And when there shall die from the cattle which is to you for eating, he touching upon its carcass shall be unclean till the evening.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
If any beast die, of which it is lawful for you to eat, he that toucheth the carcass thereof, shall be unclean until the evening:

Catholic Public Domain Version
If any animals will have died, from which it is lawful for you to eat, whoever will have touched its carcass shall be unclean until evening.

New American Bible
When one of the animals that you could otherwise eat dies of itself, anyone who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening;

New Revised Standard Version
If an animal of which you may eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And if any animal of which you may eat dies, he who touches the carcass thereof shall be unclean until the evening.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And if one of a beast that is clean to you to eat should die, everyone who will touch its carcass shall be defiled until evening.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die, he that toucheth the carcass thereof shall be unclean until the even.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And if one of the cattle die, which it is lawful for you to eat, he that touches their carcases shall be unclean till evening.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Clean and Unclean Animals
38but if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you. 39If an animal that you may eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening. 40Whoever eats from the carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until evening, and anyone who picks up the carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until evening.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 14:21
You are not to eat any carcass; you may give it to the foreigner residing within your gates, and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For you are a holy people belonging to the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.

Acts 10:14
“No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.”

Acts 10:28
He said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.

Romans 14:14
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

Mark 7:18-19
“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)

1 Timothy 4:4
For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected,

Genesis 9:3-4
Everything that lives and moves will be food for you; just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you all things. / But you must not eat meat with its lifeblood still in it.

Ezekiel 4:14
“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.”

Isaiah 65:4
sitting among the graves, spending nights in secret places, eating the meat of pigs and polluted broth from their bowls.

Isaiah 66:17
“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to enter the groves—to follow one in the center of those who eat the flesh of swine and vermin and rats—will perish together,” declares the LORD.

Matthew 15:11
A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”

Acts 15:29
You must abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell.

1 Corinthians 8:8
But food does not bring us closer to God: We are no worse if we do not eat, and no better if we do.

1 Corinthians 10:25
Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience,

Colossians 2:16
Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath.


Treasury of Scripture

And if any beast, of which you may eat, die; he that touches the carcass thereof shall be unclean until the even.

Leviticus 11:24,28,31,40
And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the carcase of them shall be unclean until the even…

Leviticus 15:5,7
And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even…

Numbers 19:11,16
He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days…

Jump to Previous
Allowed Animal Animals Beast Beasts Body Carcase Carcass Dead Death Die Dies Dieth Eat Evening Food Natural Thereof Touches Toucheth Touching Unclean Used
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Allowed Animal Animals Beast Beasts Body Carcase Carcass Dead Death Die Dies Dieth Eat Evening Food Natural Thereof Touches Toucheth Touching Unclean Used
Leviticus 11
1. What animals may be eaten
4. and what may not be eaten
9. What fishes
13. What fowls
29. The creeping things which are unclean














If an animal that you may eat dies
This phrase refers to animals that are considered clean according to the dietary laws outlined earlier in Leviticus 11. The Hebrew word for "animal" here is "בְּהֵמָה" (behemah), which generally refers to domesticated animals. The context of "that you may eat" underscores the distinction between clean and unclean animals, a central theme in Levitical law. Historically, these dietary laws served not only as a means of physical health but also as a spiritual discipline, setting the Israelites apart from surrounding nations. The death of an animal, even a clean one, introduces a state of impurity, highlighting the pervasive impact of death and decay in a fallen world.

dies
The Hebrew word used here is "מוּת" (muth), meaning to die or perish. In the ancient Near Eastern context, death was often associated with impurity and separation from the divine. The death of an animal, even one permissible for consumption, signifies a transition from life to death, which in the Levitical system, necessitates a period of purification. This reflects the broader biblical theme of life and death, where life is a gift from God, and death is a consequence of sin.

anyone who touches the carcass
The act of touching, "נָגַע" (naga), implies physical contact, which in the Levitical law, results in ritual impurity. The "carcass," or "נְבֵלָה" (nevelah), refers to the dead body of the animal. This regulation emphasizes the holiness code's concern with maintaining purity and the symbolic separation from death. In a spiritual sense, it serves as a reminder of the need for holiness and the avoidance of anything that defiles.

will be unclean until evening
The term "unclean," or "טָמֵא" (tame), indicates a state of ritual impurity. The condition of being unclean until evening suggests a temporary state, one that can be resolved with the passage of time and adherence to purification rituals. The evening marks the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar, symbolizing renewal and restoration. This reflects the biblical principle that while impurity and sin are realities of human existence, they are not permanent states for those who seek purification and restoration through God's provision.

(39) And if any beast.--That is, a clean animal, which is both bisulcous and ruminant, but which has not been properly slaughtered, having died from any disease or accident. During the second Temple, the law here enacted was restricted to quadrupeds, domestic or wild, but was not applicable to birds and fishes.

He that toucheth the carcase.--The carcase, in this case, is to be regarded as the dead body of an unclean animal (see Leviticus 11:24-28), and defiles by contact. (See also Leviticus 17:15.) This, however, only applies to the flesh of the quadruped. The skin, the bones, the sinews, the horns, and the claws are clean, the sacred Scriptures even being written on the prepared skins; and the horns used for the trumpets or horns of the sanctuary, according to the canons of the Pharisees, whilst the Samaritans and the Sadducees regarded them as polluting.

Verses 39, 40. - The loathsomeness of the bodies of even clean animals that have died a natural death, makes them also the means of conveying defilement to any one who touches them.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
If
וְכִ֤י (wə·ḵî)
Conjunctive waw | Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

an
מִן־ (min-)
Preposition
Strong's 4480: A part of, from, out of

animal
הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה (hab·bə·hê·māh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 929: A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal

that
אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

you
לָכֶ֖ם (lā·ḵem)
Preposition | second person masculine plural
Strong's Hebrew

may eat
לְאָכְלָ֑ה (lə·’āḵ·lāh)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 402: Food, eating

dies,
יָמוּת֙ (yā·mūṯ)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill

anyone who touches
הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (han·nō·ḡê·a‘)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 5060: To touch, lay the hand upon, to reach, violently, to strike

the carcass
בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ (bə·niḇ·lā·ṯāh)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 5038: A flabby thing, a carcase, carrion, an idol

will be unclean
יִטְמָ֥א (yiṭ·mā)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2930: To be or become unclean

until
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

evening.
הָעָֽרֶב׃ (hā·‘ā·reḇ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6153: Evening


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OT Law: Leviticus 11:39 If any animal of which you may (Le Lv Lev.)
Leviticus 11:38
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