Joash was seven years old when he became king
Joash's ascension to the throne at such a young age highlights the tumultuous period in Judah's history. His grandmother, Athaliah, had attempted to destroy the royal line, but Joash was hidden and preserved by Jehosheba, the wife of the priest Jehoiada. This act of preservation is reminiscent of Moses being hidden from Pharaoh, symbolizing God's protection over His chosen leaders. Joash's early reign was heavily influenced by Jehoiada, who acted as a mentor and guide, ensuring that the young king's rule began on a foundation of faithfulness to God.

and he reigned in Jerusalem forty years
The forty-year reign of Joash is significant, as it mirrors the biblical pattern of testing and fulfillment, such as the Israelites' forty years in the wilderness. Jerusalem, the city of David, serves as the political and spiritual center of Judah, emphasizing the importance of Joash's rule in maintaining the Davidic line. His reign is marked by initial reforms and the restoration of the temple, reflecting a period of religious renewal. However, after Jehoiada's death, Joash's reign deteriorated, showing the consequences of straying from godly counsel.

His mother’s name was Zibiah; she was from Beersheba
Zibiah's mention provides insight into Joash's lineage and the geographical context of his family. Beersheba, located in the southern part of Judah, was a significant city in biblical history, often representing the southern boundary of the Promised Land. It was a place associated with the patriarchs, such as Abraham and Isaac, who had encounters with God there. Zibiah's origin from Beersheba may suggest a connection to the broader narrative of God's covenant with His people, emphasizing the continuity of His promises through the line of David.

And Joash did what was right in the eyes of the LORD
Joash, also known as Jehoash, was the king of Judah who began his reign at a young age. His actions being described as "right in the eyes of the LORD" indicates his adherence to the covenantal laws and practices that were expected of the kings of Judah. This phrase is often used in the Old Testament to denote a king's faithfulness to God, contrasting with those who did evil. Joash's early reign was marked by religious reforms and the restoration of the temple, aligning with the Deuteronomic history's emphasis on covenant fidelity. This phrase echoes the biblical theme of divine approval for those who follow God's commandments, similar to the commendations given to other righteous kings like David and Hezekiah.

all the days of Jehoiada the priest
Jehoiada was a high priest who played a crucial role in Joash's life, acting as a mentor and guide. His influence was significant in Joash's early years, ensuring that the king's actions were aligned with God's will. The phrase highlights the importance of godly counsel and leadership, as Jehoiada's presence was instrumental in maintaining Joash's faithfulness. This period of righteousness under Jehoiada's guidance underscores the biblical principle that wise and godly leadership can lead to national and spiritual prosperity. The eventual decline in Joash's faithfulness after Jehoiada's death serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of straying from godly influence, paralleling the warnings found in Proverbs about the importance of wise counsel.

Jehoiada took for him two wives
Jehoiada, the high priest, played a significant role in the reign of King Joash. His influence was pivotal in guiding Joash, especially in the early years of his reign. The act of taking two wives for Joash reflects the cultural practices of the time, where polygamy was not uncommon among royalty and leaders in Israel. This practice was often associated with political alliances and the desire to ensure a strong lineage. While the Mosaic Law permitted polygamy, it also warned against the potential pitfalls, as seen in the lives of figures like Solomon. Jehoiada's involvement in this decision underscores his authority and influence in the kingdom, acting as a father figure to Joash.

and he had sons and daughters
The mention of sons and daughters indicates the continuation of Joash's lineage, which was crucial for the Davidic line. The birth of children would have been seen as a blessing and a sign of God's favor, ensuring the stability and future of the kingdom. This phrase also highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to David that his descendants would continue to rule. The presence of both sons and daughters suggests a complete family unit, which was important for maintaining alliances and securing the throne. The emphasis on progeny connects to the broader biblical theme of God's covenant with David and the anticipation of the Messiah, who would ultimately come from this lineage.

Some time later
This phrase indicates a passage of time since the previous events described in the text. Joash became king at a young age, and his early reign was heavily influenced by Jehoiada the priest. The phrase suggests a period of stability and growth in Joash's reign, allowing him to focus on religious reforms. This timing is significant as it reflects a period when Joash had matured and was able to make independent decisions regarding the spiritual and physical state of the kingdom.

Joash set his heart
The expression "set his heart" implies a deep, personal commitment and determination. In biblical terms, the heart often represents the center of one's will and emotions. Joash's decision to repair the temple was not merely a political or superficial act but a sincere desire to honor God. This reflects the influence of Jehoiada's godly mentorship and the importance of spiritual leadership in guiding the king's priorities.

on repairing the house of the LORD
The "house of the LORD" refers to Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, which had fallen into disrepair due to neglect and the idolatrous practices of previous kings. Repairing the temple was a significant undertaking, both physically and spiritually, as it symbolized the restoration of proper worship and covenant faithfulness. This act of restoration is reminiscent of other biblical figures who prioritized the temple, such as Hezekiah and Josiah, and foreshadows the ultimate restoration through Jesus Christ, who referred to His body as the temple (John 2:19-21). The temple's repair also highlights the importance of maintaining a place dedicated to the worship of God, a theme echoed throughout Scripture.

So he gathered the priests and Levites
In this context, "he" refers to King Joash, who reigned in Judah. The priests and Levites were the religious leaders responsible for temple worship and maintenance. The Levites, descendants of Levi, were set apart for religious duties (Numbers 3:6-10). This gathering signifies a call to restore the temple, emphasizing the importance of religious leadership in maintaining the spiritual and physical integrity of worship spaces.

and said, “Go out to the cities of Judah
The cities of Judah were the towns and settlements within the southern kingdom of Judah. This directive indicates a widespread effort, not limited to Jerusalem, to involve the entire nation in the temple's restoration. It reflects the centralized role of the temple in Jewish worship and the unity required among the people to maintain it.

and collect the money due annually from all Israel
This refers to the temple tax or contributions that were expected from the people for the upkeep of the temple (Exodus 30:13-16). The mention of "all Israel" suggests a call for unity among the tribes, despite the division between the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. It highlights the temple's significance as a national religious center.

to repair the house of your God
The temple, referred to as "the house of your God," was central to Jewish worship and identity. Its repair was crucial for the proper conduct of religious rituals and sacrifices. This phrase underscores the temple's role as a symbol of God's presence among His people and the need for its upkeep to maintain a right relationship with God.

Do it quickly.”
The urgency in Joash's command reflects the temple's deteriorating condition and the immediate need for restoration. This urgency can be seen as a call to prioritize spiritual matters and the worship of God, emphasizing the importance of timely obedience to God's commands.

The Levites, however, did not make haste.
This phrase indicates a delay or reluctance on the part of the Levites to carry out the king's orders. It may suggest issues of complacency or miscommunication among the religious leaders. This delay contrasts with the king's urgency and highlights potential challenges in leadership and the execution of religious duties. It serves as a reminder of the human tendency to procrastinate in spiritual responsibilities.

So the king called Jehoiada the high priest and said,
King Joash, who reigned in Judah, is addressing Jehoiada, the high priest. Jehoiada played a crucial role in Joash's rise to power, having protected him as a child and orchestrated his coronation. This relationship underscores the king's reliance on Jehoiada for spiritual and religious guidance. The high priest held significant influence in religious and political matters, reflecting the theocratic nature of Israelite society where religious leaders often guided kings.

“Why have you not required the Levites to bring from Judah and Jerusalem
The Levites were the tribe set apart for religious duties, including the care of the temple and conducting sacrifices. They were responsible for collecting offerings and tithes from the people. Judah and Jerusalem, being the southern kingdom and its capital, were central to the religious life of the Israelites. The king's question implies a lapse in religious duties, highlighting the importance of maintaining temple worship and the support of the Levites, which was essential for the spiritual health of the nation.

the tax imposed by Moses the servant of the LORD
This refers to the half-shekel tax instituted by Moses in Exodus 30:11-16, intended for the maintenance of the Tabernacle, which later applied to the Temple. Moses, as the servant of the LORD, established laws that were foundational for Israelite worship and community life. This tax was a means of ensuring that the worship of God remained central and that the physical structure of worship was maintained. It also served as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and Israel.

and by the assembly of Israel
The assembly of Israel refers to the collective decision-making body of the Israelites, often involving elders and leaders. This indicates that the tax was not only a divine command but also had communal approval and support. It reflects the cooperative nature of Israelite society in matters of worship and religious duty, emphasizing the collective responsibility of the people to uphold God's commands.

for the Tent of the Testimony?”
The Tent of the Testimony, or the Tabernacle, was the portable earthly dwelling place of God among the Israelites before the construction of the Temple. It housed the Ark of the Covenant, which contained the tablets of the Law. The reference to the Tent of the Testimony connects the current temple practices back to the wilderness period, emphasizing continuity in worship and the enduring presence of God with His people. It also foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment of God's presence with humanity through Jesus Christ, who is seen as the true Tabernacle (John 1:14).

For the sons of that wicked woman Athaliah
Athaliah was the daughter of King Ahab and Queen Jezebel of Israel, known for their idolatry and opposition to the worship of Yahweh. Athaliah married Jehoram, king of Judah, and brought her family's idolatrous practices with her. Her influence led to the promotion of Baal worship in Judah. The "sons" here likely refers to her descendants or followers who continued her idolatrous practices. Athaliah's reign was marked by violence and the usurpation of the throne, as she attempted to eliminate the Davidic line by killing her own grandchildren, except for Joash, who was hidden and later became king.

had broken into the house of God
The "house of God" refers to the Temple in Jerusalem, which was the center of worship for the Israelites and the dwelling place of God's presence. Breaking into the Temple signifies a profound act of desecration and disrespect for the sacred space dedicated to Yahweh. This act reflects the spiritual decline and apostasy in Judah during Athaliah's influence, as the Temple was meant to be a place of holiness and reverence.

and had even used the sacred objects of the house of the LORD
The sacred objects in the Temple included items such as the altar, the lampstand, and various utensils used in worship and sacrifices. These objects were consecrated for the service of Yahweh and were not to be used for any other purpose. The misuse of these items indicates a blatant disregard for the sanctity of the Temple and the worship of God. It also highlights the extent of corruption and idolatry that had infiltrated Judah under Athaliah's rule.

for the Baals
Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility, storms, and agriculture. Worship of Baal often involved rituals that were abhorrent to the worship of Yahweh, including child sacrifice and sexual immorality. The use of sacred Temple objects for Baal worship represents a syncretism that was strictly forbidden in the Mosaic Law. This act of idolatry was a direct violation of the first commandment, which prohibited the worship of other gods. The narrative underscores the spiritual crisis in Judah and sets the stage for the reforms that Joash would later implement to restore true worship.

At the king’s command
This phrase highlights the authority of King Joash, who reigned in Judah. His command reflects his commitment to restoring the temple, which had fallen into disrepair. Joash's leadership in this initiative is significant, as it demonstrates the role of a godly leader in guiding the people back to proper worship. This mirrors the biblical principle of leaders being shepherds to their people, as seen in passages like Psalm 23 and John 10:11, where Jesus is described as the Good Shepherd.

a chest was made
The chest was a practical solution for collecting funds for the temple's restoration. This act of creating a chest for offerings is reminiscent of the collection boxes used in the New Testament, such as the treasury in the temple where Jesus observed the widow's offering (Mark 12:41-44). The chest symbolizes the importance of communal responsibility and generosity in supporting God's work.

and placed outside
Placing the chest outside ensured accessibility for all the people of Judah, encouraging widespread participation in the temple's restoration. This public placement signifies transparency and accountability in the collection of funds. It also reflects the openness of God's house to all who wish to contribute, paralleling the New Testament teaching of the church as a body where every member has a role (1 Corinthians 12:12-27).

at the gate of the house of the LORD
The gate of the house of the LORD refers to the entrance of the temple, a central place of worship and sacrifice in Jerusalem. This location is significant as it was a place where people regularly gathered, ensuring that the call to contribute was visible to all. The temple gate is often a place of important events in Scripture, such as in Acts 3:2, where Peter and John heal a lame man at the temple gate called Beautiful. The temple itself is a type of Christ, as it represents God's presence among His people, fulfilled in Jesus, who is Immanuel, "God with us" (Matthew 1:23).

And a proclamation was issued in Judah and Jerusalem
This phrase indicates a formal announcement made to the people of both Judah and Jerusalem. The use of "proclamation" suggests an official decree, likely delivered by heralds or through public readings. Judah and Jerusalem were the central regions of the Southern Kingdom, with Jerusalem being the political and spiritual center. This proclamation reflects the centralized authority of the king and the high priest, emphasizing the importance of the message. Historically, proclamations were a common method for disseminating important information to the populace, ensuring that everyone was aware of their obligations.

that they were to bring to the LORD
This part of the verse underscores the religious nature of the proclamation. The act of bringing something to the LORD signifies an offering or a contribution dedicated to God. In the context of ancient Israel, such acts were integral to worship and covenantal faithfulness. The phrase highlights the theocratic nature of Israelite society, where religious duties were intertwined with civic responsibilities. It also reflects the understanding that all offerings were ultimately for the LORD, reinforcing the idea of divine ownership and stewardship.

the tax imposed by Moses the servant of God
This refers to the specific tax or contribution that Moses, as God's appointed leader, established during the wilderness period. The mention of Moses as "the servant of God" emphasizes his authoritative role in delivering God's commands to the people. This tax is likely the half-shekel offering described in Exodus 30:11-16, which was used for the maintenance of the tabernacle and later the temple. It served as a means of atonement and a reminder of the people's covenant relationship with God. The reference to Moses connects the current practice to the foundational period of Israel's history, legitimizing the tax as a divinely ordained requirement.

on Israel in the wilderness
This phrase situates the origin of the tax during the wilderness period, a formative time for the nation of Israel. The wilderness journey was a time of testing, instruction, and covenant formation, as recorded in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. By recalling this period, the text reminds the people of their shared history and identity as God's chosen people. It also serves as a call to faithfulness, urging them to adhere to the practices established by their ancestors. The wilderness setting is symbolic of reliance on God and the journey towards the Promised Land, themes that resonate throughout the biblical narrative.

All the officers and all the people rejoiced
This phrase highlights the unity and collective joy of the community in their service to God. The officers, likely referring to the leaders and officials of Judah, and the people together express a shared enthusiasm. This reflects a time of spiritual renewal under King Joash, who was influenced by the priest Jehoiada. The rejoicing indicates a heartfelt commitment to restoring the temple, which had fallen into disrepair. This communal joy can be compared to the joy seen in other biblical instances of temple restoration, such as in Ezra 3:11 when the foundation of the second temple was laid.

and brought their contributions
The act of bringing contributions signifies the people's willingness to support the work of God financially. This was a freewill offering, demonstrating their dedication and gratitude. The contributions were likely in the form of money or valuable items, as was customary for temple repairs. This mirrors the contributions made for the construction of the Tabernacle in Exodus 35:21-29, where the Israelites gave generously from their possessions.

and they dropped them in the chest
The chest was a secure collection box placed at the temple to gather funds for its repair. This method ensured transparency and accountability in handling the contributions. The use of a chest for collecting offerings is a practical measure that underscores the importance of integrity in managing God's resources. This practice is reminiscent of the collection boxes used in the New Testament, such as the treasury in the temple where Jesus observed the widow's offering in Mark 12:41-44.

until it was full
The phrase indicates the abundance of the contributions, showing the people's overwhelming generosity. The chest being filled signifies the success of the fundraising effort and the community's commitment to the temple's restoration. This abundance can be seen as a fulfillment of God's provision when His people are united in purpose, similar to the overflowing blessings described in Malachi 3:10, where God promises to pour out blessings when His people bring the full tithe into the storehouse.

Whenever the chest was brought by the Levites to the king’s overseers
The Levites, members of the tribe set apart for religious duties, were responsible for transporting the chest. This chest was used to collect funds for the repair of the temple, highlighting the Levites' role in maintaining the spiritual and physical integrity of worship. The king's overseers were likely officials appointed to ensure the proper management of these funds, reflecting a system of accountability. This practice underscores the importance of stewardship and transparency in handling resources dedicated to God's work.

and they saw that there was a large amount of money
The large amount of money indicates the people's generous response to the call for contributions. This reflects a period of spiritual renewal and commitment to restoring the temple, which had fallen into disrepair. The abundance of contributions can be seen as a sign of God's blessing and the people's willingness to support religious reforms initiated by King Joash. It also parallels the generosity seen in Exodus 36:5-7, where the Israelites gave more than enough for the construction of the tabernacle.

the royal scribe and the officer of the high priest would come and empty the chest
The involvement of both the royal scribe and the officer of the high priest signifies a collaboration between the monarchy and the priesthood. This partnership ensured that the funds were handled with integrity and that both secular and religious authorities were involved in the temple's restoration. The scribe, a literate official, would have been responsible for recording the transactions, while the officer of the high priest ensured that the funds were used appropriately for religious purposes.

and carry it back to its place
Returning the chest to its place suggests a routine and orderly process, emphasizing the importance of consistency and diligence in managing the temple's resources. This practice ensured that the collection of funds was ongoing and that the temple repairs could continue without interruption. It also reflects the organized nature of temple service and the importance of maintaining order in religious practices.

They did this daily and gathered the money in abundance
The daily collection and the abundance of money highlight the sustained commitment of the people and the effectiveness of the system put in place by King Joash. This regular gathering of funds ensured that the temple could be fully restored, symbolizing a revival of true worship and dedication to God. The abundance also points to God's provision and the people's faithfulness, reminiscent of the early church's generosity in Acts 4:32-35, where believers shared their resources to meet the needs of the community.

Then the king and Jehoiada would give the money
This phrase highlights the collaboration between King Joash and Jehoiada the priest. Joash became king at a young age, and Jehoiada served as his mentor and guide. Their partnership underscores the importance of godly leadership and stewardship in the restoration of the temple. The act of giving money reflects the commitment to use resources wisely for God's work, a principle seen throughout Scripture, such as in the building of the Tabernacle (Exodus 35:21-29).

to those who supervised the labor on the house of the LORD
The supervisors were responsible for ensuring that the work on the temple was done correctly and efficiently. This reflects the biblical principle of accountability and the need for skilled leadership in God's work. The "house of the LORD" refers to Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, a central place of worship for the Israelites. The temple's restoration was crucial for maintaining the spiritual life of the nation.

to hire stonecutters and carpenters
Stonecutters and carpenters were skilled laborers essential for the temple's restoration. Stonecutters would have been responsible for preparing the stones used in the temple's structure, while carpenters worked with wood for various parts of the building. This highlights the importance of using skilled artisans in the service of God, reminiscent of the craftsmen Bezalel and Oholiab in the construction of the Tabernacle (Exodus 31:1-6).

to restore the house of the LORD
The restoration of the temple was a significant religious and cultural event for the Israelites. The temple had fallen into disrepair during the reigns of previous kings who had neglected or desecrated it. Restoring the temple was not just a physical act but a spiritual renewal, symbolizing a return to proper worship and covenant faithfulness. This act of restoration can be seen as a type of Christ, who restores and reconciles humanity to God.

as well as workers in iron and bronze
Iron and bronze workers were necessary for creating the temple's various implements and structural components. These metals were used for tools, fixtures, and possibly for decorative elements. The use of iron and bronze signifies strength and durability, qualities that are often associated with God's eternal nature and His unchanging word (Psalm 119:89).

to repair the house of the LORD
Repairing the temple was an act of reverence and obedience to God. It was a physical manifestation of the people's desire to honor God and maintain a place for His presence among them. This repair work can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual renewal and repentance, themes that are prevalent throughout the Bible, such as in the prophetic calls to return to God (Isaiah 1:16-17).

So the workmen labored
This phrase highlights the diligent effort of the workers involved in the temple restoration. The laborers were likely skilled craftsmen, possibly Levites, who were dedicated to restoring the temple. This reflects the biblical principle of working wholeheartedly as unto the Lord (Colossians 3:23). The labor here is reminiscent of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus, where skilled artisans were filled with the Spirit of God to complete the work (Exodus 31:1-6).

and in their hands the repair work progressed.
The progress of the repair work signifies the effective and efficient efforts of the workers. This can be seen as a fulfillment of King Joash's commitment to restore the temple, which had fallen into disrepair due to neglect and misuse during the reigns of previous kings. The phrase underscores the importance of faithful stewardship and the restoration of worship practices. It also parallels the rebuilding efforts seen in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, where the people worked together to restore Jerusalem and its temple.

They restored the house of God according to its specifications,
Restoring the temple "according to its specifications" indicates adherence to the original design given by God, as seen in the detailed instructions provided to Solomon (1 Kings 6). This reflects the importance of following divine instructions and maintaining the sanctity of worship spaces. The restoration was not just a physical renewal but also a spiritual one, aligning with the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. This can be seen as a type of Christ, who came to fulfill the law and restore the relationship between God and humanity (Matthew 5:17).

and they reinforced it.
Reinforcing the temple suggests strengthening and fortifying the structure to ensure its longevity and continued use for worship. This action symbolizes the need for spiritual reinforcement in the lives of believers, emphasizing the importance of a strong foundation in faith (Ephesians 2:20-22). The reinforcement of the temple can also be seen as a prophetic act pointing to the eternal and unshakeable kingdom established by Christ (Hebrews 12:28).

When they were finished
This phrase refers to the completion of the restoration work on the temple, which had been neglected and desecrated during the reign of previous kings. The restoration was initiated by King Joash under the guidance of Jehoiada the priest. This completion signifies a return to proper worship and reverence for God’s house, highlighting the importance of maintaining the sanctity of places dedicated to God.

they brought the rest of the money to the king and Jehoiada
The collection of money was initially gathered for the repair of the temple. The fact that there was money left over indicates careful management and possibly the generosity of the people. King Joash and Jehoiada, the high priest, were responsible for overseeing the use of these funds, demonstrating a partnership between the monarchy and the priesthood in spiritual and civic matters.

and with it were made articles for the house of the LORD
The remaining funds were used to create new articles for the temple, replacing those that had been lost or desecrated. This act of restoration not only repaired the physical structure but also restored the proper tools for worship, emphasizing the importance of having dedicated and consecrated items for the service of God.

utensils for the service and for the burnt offerings
These utensils were essential for the daily operations and rituals conducted in the temple. The burnt offerings were a central aspect of Israelite worship, symbolizing atonement and dedication to God. The restoration of these utensils signifies a renewal of proper worship practices and adherence to the laws given in the Torah.

dishes, and other objects of gold and silver
The use of gold and silver for these objects reflects the value and honor given to the worship of God. These materials were often used in the construction of sacred items, as seen in the tabernacle and Solomon’s temple, symbolizing purity and divine glory.

Throughout the days of Jehoiada
Jehoiada’s influence was significant during his lifetime, as he was a godly leader who guided King Joash in the ways of the Lord. His presence ensured that the worship practices were maintained according to God’s commandments. This highlights the impact of righteous leadership on the spiritual health of a nation.

burnt offerings were presented regularly in the house of the LORD
Regular burnt offerings were a sign of ongoing devotion and obedience to God’s commands. This regularity indicates a period of spiritual renewal and faithfulness among the people of Judah. It also points to the importance of consistent worship and the role of the temple as the center of religious life in Israel.

When Jehoiada was old and full of years
Jehoiada, the high priest, played a crucial role in the preservation of the Davidic line by protecting Joash from Athaliah's massacre. His long life is seen as a blessing from God, reflecting his faithfulness and righteousness. In biblical terms, being "full of years" often signifies a life lived in accordance with God's will, similar to the patriarchs like Abraham and Isaac. This phrase underscores the respect and honor given to Jehoiada for his service to God and the nation of Judah.

he died at the age of 130
The age of 130 is significant, as it is notably longer than the typical lifespan during this period, suggesting divine favor. This extraordinary age parallels the lifespans of early biblical figures, indicating Jehoiada's importance in God's plan. His death marks the end of an era of spiritual leadership and protection for Judah, as Jehoiada was instrumental in guiding King Joash and restoring the temple. The mention of his age highlights the transition in leadership and the potential challenges that would follow without his guidance.

And Jehoiada was buried with the kings in the City of David
Jehoiada, the high priest, was honored with a burial among the kings, a rare privilege for someone not of royal blood. This reflects his significant influence and leadership in Judah, particularly during the reign of King Joash. The City of David, located in Jerusalem, was the burial site for the kings of Judah, emphasizing Jehoiada's esteemed status. His role in preserving the Davidic line by protecting Joash from Queen Athaliah's massacre (2 Kings 11:1-3) and his guidance in restoring the temple (2 Chronicles 24:4-14) were pivotal in maintaining the spiritual and political stability of the nation.

because he had done what was good in Israel
Jehoiada's actions were seen as righteous and beneficial for the nation of Israel, which in this context refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. His leadership was marked by a return to covenant faithfulness, including the renewal of the covenant between the Lord, the king, and the people (2 Chronicles 23:16). His influence led to the destruction of Baal worship and the restoration of proper worship practices, aligning with the Deuteronomic emphasis on covenant loyalty (Deuteronomy 6:4-9).

for God and His temple
Jehoiada's dedication to God and the temple underscores his commitment to the spiritual welfare of Judah. He orchestrated the repair and maintenance of the temple, ensuring that it remained the center of worship and national identity (2 Chronicles 24:12-14). This focus on the temple prefigures the New Testament understanding of Jesus Christ as the ultimate high priest and the true temple (John 2:19-21), highlighting the continuity of God's redemptive plan through the preservation of worship and covenant faithfulness.

After the death of Jehoiada
Jehoiada was a high priest who played a crucial role in the preservation of the Davidic line by protecting Joash from Athaliah's massacre. His influence was significant in guiding King Joash to follow the ways of the Lord. His death marked a turning point in Joash's reign, as Jehoiada's godly counsel was no longer available. This highlights the importance of godly leadership and mentorship in maintaining faithfulness to God.

however, the officials of Judah came
The officials of Judah, likely comprising nobles and leaders, approached King Joash after Jehoiada's death. This indicates a shift in influence and power dynamics within the kingdom. The officials' approach suggests they had their own agendas, which they could not pursue while Jehoiada was alive. This reflects the political maneuvering often seen in monarchies when a strong leader or advisor passes away.

and paid homage to the king
Paying homage was a customary act of respect and allegiance to a ruler. However, in this context, it may imply flattery or manipulation, as the officials sought to gain favor with Joash. This act of homage could be seen as insincere, aiming to sway the king's decisions for their own benefit. It serves as a reminder of the potential for corruption and the need for discernment in leadership.

and he listened to them
Joash's decision to listen to the officials marks a departure from the godly counsel he received from Jehoiada. This listening led to negative consequences, as Joash eventually turned away from the Lord and embraced idolatry. It underscores the vulnerability of leaders to external influences and the importance of steadfastness in faith. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical theme of the dangers of forsaking wise counsel, as seen in Proverbs 12:15 and 1 Kings 12:6-11.

They abandoned the house of the LORD, the God of their fathers
This phrase indicates a turning away from the worship and service of Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. The "house of the LORD" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, which was the central place of worship and sacrifice. Abandoning it signifies a rejection of the religious practices and covenantal relationship established by their ancestors, such as David and Solomon. This act of abandonment is a recurring theme in the history of Israel and Judah, often leading to spiritual decline and national consequences. The phrase underscores the importance of faithfulness to God's commands and the centrality of worship in maintaining a relationship with Him.

and served the Asherah poles and idols
The Asherah poles were wooden symbols associated with the Canaanite goddess Asherah, often erected near altars dedicated to Baal. Serving these poles and other idols represents a syncretism with pagan religions, directly violating the first two commandments given to Moses. This idolatry was a significant issue throughout Israel's history, leading to moral and spiritual corruption. The worship of idols was not just a religious failure but also a cultural assimilation into the practices of surrounding nations, which God had explicitly warned against. This phrase highlights the temptation of Israel to adopt the religious customs of their neighbors, leading them away from exclusive devotion to Yahweh.

So wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this guilt of theirs
The wrath mentioned here is a divine response to the covenant unfaithfulness of Judah and Jerusalem. In the biblical context, God's wrath is not arbitrary but a just response to sin and rebellion. The guilt of the people is their collective responsibility for turning away from God and embracing idolatry. This phrase foreshadows the consequences that would befall Judah, including military defeat, exile, and suffering. It serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the inevitable judgment that follows unrepentant disobedience. The historical context includes the eventual Babylonian conquest and exile, which were seen as fulfillment of prophetic warnings given by prophets like Jeremiah and Isaiah.

Nevertheless, the LORD sent prophets
Throughout the history of Israel and Judah, God consistently sent prophets to guide, warn, and call His people back to righteousness. Prophets served as God's mouthpieces, delivering messages of repentance and hope. This reflects God's enduring patience and desire for His people to return to Him, despite their repeated disobedience. Prophets like Elijah, Elisha, Isaiah, and Jeremiah were pivotal in this role, often facing persecution for their messages.

to bring the people back to Him
The primary mission of the prophets was to lead the people back to a covenant relationship with God. This phrase underscores the theme of repentance and restoration that is central to the prophetic ministry. The call to return to God is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, seen in passages like Joel 2:12-13 and Hosea 14:1-2, emphasizing God's willingness to forgive and restore those who turn back to Him.

and to testify against them
Prophets not only called for repentance but also testified against the people's sins and idolatry. This legal language suggests a courtroom setting where the prophets act as witnesses against the people's unfaithfulness. This is seen in the ministry of prophets like Jeremiah, who was tasked with declaring the people's sins and the impending judgment (Jeremiah 1:16). The prophets' testimonies were often met with resistance and hostility.

but they would not listen
This phrase highlights the persistent rebellion and hardness of heart among the people. Despite the clear warnings and calls to repentance, the people often chose to ignore the prophets. This pattern of disobedience is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, as seen in the narratives of the Israelites in the wilderness (Exodus 32) and the repeated cycles of sin in the Book of Judges. The refusal to listen ultimately led to judgment and exile, as prophesied by figures like Isaiah and Jeremiah.

Then the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah son of Jehoiada the priest
This phrase highlights the divine inspiration and authority given to Zechariah. The Spirit of God coming upon someone is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, signifying empowerment for a specific task or message (e.g., Judges 6:34, 1 Samuel 10:10). Zechariah, being the son of Jehoiada, connects him to a lineage of faithful service to God, as Jehoiada was instrumental in preserving the Davidic line and restoring true worship in Judah (2 Chronicles 23). This divine empowerment underscores the seriousness and authenticity of Zechariah's message.

who stood up before the people and said to them
Zechariah's act of standing before the people indicates a public declaration, emphasizing the importance and urgency of his message. Prophets often delivered messages publicly to ensure that the entire community heard God's word, as seen with other prophets like Elijah and Jeremiah. This public setting also reflects the courage required to confront the people, especially when delivering a message of rebuke.

“This is what God says:
This phrase introduces the prophetic message with authority, indicating that the words to follow are not Zechariah's own but are directly from God. This formula is common in prophetic literature, establishing the divine origin of the message (e.g., "Thus says the LORD" in Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel). It serves to remind the audience of the seriousness and divine authority behind the message.

‘Why do you transgress the commandments of the LORD so that you cannot prosper?
The question posed by Zechariah addresses the people's disobedience to God's laws. Transgressing the commandments refers to violating the covenantal laws given to Israel, which were meant to guide them in righteousness and ensure their prosperity (Deuteronomy 28). The connection between obedience and prosperity is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, where blessings are contingent upon faithfulness to God's commands (Joshua 1:8).

Because you have forsaken the LORD,
Forsaking the LORD implies a deliberate turning away from God and His covenant. This abandonment often led to idolatry and moral decay, as seen throughout Israel's history. The language echoes the warnings given in Deuteronomy 31:16-18, where forsaking God results in dire consequences. This phrase highlights the covenantal relationship between God and His people, where faithfulness is expected.

He has forsaken you.’”
The consequence of forsaking God is His withdrawal of protection and blessing, a theme consistent with the covenantal curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28:15-68. This statement serves as a warning and a call to repentance, emphasizing that God's presence and favor are conditional upon the people's faithfulness. The forsaking by God is not arbitrary but a response to the people's actions, reflecting the justice and holiness of God.

But they conspired against Zechariah
This phrase indicates a deliberate and secretive plan against Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada the priest. The conspiracy reflects the spiritual decline of Judah under King Joash, who had initially been influenced by Jehoiada to follow the ways of the LORD. The act of conspiring against a prophet highlights the rejection of God's message and messengers, a recurring theme in the history of Israel and Judah. This mirrors the broader biblical narrative where prophets are often persecuted for speaking truth (e.g., Jeremiah 11:19, Matthew 23:37).

and by order of the king
King Joash, who had been saved and raised by Jehoiada, turns against Jehoiada's son, Zechariah. This betrayal underscores the king's departure from the covenant faithfulness he once upheld. The king's order to kill Zechariah signifies the misuse of royal authority to suppress divine truth, a pattern seen in other biblical accounts such as King Ahab's treatment of Elijah (1 Kings 19:2).

they stoned him
Stoning was a method of execution prescribed in the Mosaic Law for certain offenses (Leviticus 20:2, Deuteronomy 17:5). It was a communal act, symbolizing the collective judgment of the community. In this context, it represents the people's complicity in rejecting God's prophet. The act of stoning Zechariah is a grave sin, as it violates the sanctity of God's messengers and the justice system intended to uphold righteousness.

in the courtyard of the house of the LORD
The location of Zechariah's execution is significant. The courtyard of the temple was a place of worship and sacrifice, symbolizing God's presence among His people. Executing a prophet in this sacred space is a profound desecration, highlighting the extent of Judah's apostasy. This act foreshadows the later rejection and crucifixion of Jesus Christ, who also faced opposition from religious leaders and was condemned unjustly (John 19:6, Matthew 27:22-23). The temple setting underscores the irony of rejecting God's word in the very place meant to honor Him.

Thus King Joash failed to remember the kindness that Zechariah’s father Jehoiada had extended to him.
King Joash's failure to remember Jehoiada's kindness highlights a significant moral and spiritual lapse. Jehoiada, the high priest, had been instrumental in preserving Joash's life and establishing him as king (2 Chronicles 23). This act of ingratitude is a recurring theme in Scripture, where leaders forget the divine and human assistance they received (Deuteronomy 8:11-14). The kindness Jehoiada extended can be seen as a type of God's grace, which is often forgotten by those who turn away from Him.

Instead, Joash killed Jehoiada’s son.
This act of violence against Zechariah, Jehoiada's son, marks a stark betrayal and a departure from the covenantal faithfulness expected of a king in Israel. The murder of a prophet, especially one who was the son of his benefactor, underscores Joash's moral decline and the influence of idolatrous practices that had crept into Judah (2 Chronicles 24:17-18). This event foreshadows the rejection and persecution of prophets throughout Israel's history, culminating in the rejection of Jesus Christ, the ultimate prophet (Matthew 23:37).

As he lay dying, Zechariah said, “May the LORD see this and call you to account.”
Zechariah's dying words serve as both a prophetic declaration and a call for divine justice. In the biblical narrative, God is often portrayed as the ultimate judge who sees all actions and holds individuals accountable (Genesis 18:25). This plea for divine retribution is echoed in the Psalms and the prophetic literature, where the righteous call upon God to vindicate them (Psalm 7:9; Jeremiah 11:20). Zechariah's words also prefigure the New Testament theme of divine judgment and accountability, as seen in passages like Romans 12:19 and Revelation 6:10.

In the spring
The timing of military campaigns in the ancient Near East often began in the spring, after the rainy season, when roads were passable and food supplies were more readily available. This was a common practice, as seen in 2 Samuel 11:1, where it mentions that kings go out to battle in the spring.

the army of Aram went to war against Joash
Aram, also known as Syria, was a significant power in the region. The Arameans were often in conflict with Israel and Judah. Joash, the king of Judah, had turned away from God, leading to divine judgment through foreign invasion. This reflects the covenantal theme where disobedience leads to consequences, as outlined in Deuteronomy 28.

They entered Judah and Jerusalem
The invasion of Judah and its capital, Jerusalem, signifies a direct threat to the heart of the nation. Jerusalem was not only the political center but also the spiritual center, housing the Temple. This invasion underscores the severity of the situation and the vulnerability of Judah due to its spiritual decline.

and destroyed all the leaders of the people
The leaders, or princes, were likely those who had led the nation into idolatry and away from the worship of Yahweh. Their destruction can be seen as a form of divine retribution. This act also left the nation without its leadership, further destabilizing Judah.

and they sent all the plunder to their king in Damascus
Damascus was the capital of Aram, and sending the plunder there signifies the complete victory of the Arameans over Judah. The loss of wealth and resources would have been a significant blow to Judah, both economically and symbolically. This act of sending plunder to a foreign king highlights the humiliation and subjugation of Judah under Aram's power.

Although the Aramean army had come with only a few men
This phrase highlights the surprising nature of the Aramean victory over Judah. The Arameans, also known as Syrians, were a significant power in the region, but their army was notably small in this instance. This reflects a recurring biblical theme where God uses seemingly weak or small forces to accomplish His purposes, as seen in Gideon's victory over the Midianites (Judges 7). The Arameans' success despite their small numbers underscores the divine intervention in the battle, emphasizing that victory does not depend on human strength or numbers but on God's will.

the LORD delivered into their hand a very great army
The phrase indicates that the defeat of Judah was not due to the military prowess of the Arameans but was orchestrated by the LORD. This reflects the biblical principle that God is sovereign over the nations and can use them as instruments of His judgment. The "very great army" refers to the forces of Judah, which were substantial but ultimately powerless against God's decree. This event serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience to God, as seen in other instances where God allows foreign nations to triumph over Israel or Judah as a form of punishment (e.g., Babylonian captivity).

Because Judah had forsaken the LORD, the God of their fathers
This phrase provides the reason for Judah's defeat: their abandonment of the covenant with God. The phrase "the God of their fathers" emphasizes the historical and covenantal relationship between God and the people of Judah, tracing back to the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Forsaking the LORD often involved idolatry and moral decay, which were prevalent during the reign of King Joash after the death of Jehoiada the priest. This apostasy is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, where the people's unfaithfulness leads to divine judgment.

judgment was executed on Joash
Joash, the king of Judah, initially followed God under the guidance of Jehoiada the priest but later turned away, leading to his downfall. The execution of judgment on Joash is a fulfillment of the prophetic warnings given to the kings and people of Judah. This judgment serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of turning away from God and the inevitable consequences of such actions. Joash's story parallels other biblical accounts where leaders who forsake God face dire outcomes, reinforcing the importance of faithfulness and obedience to God's commands.

And when the Arameans had withdrawn
The Arameans, also known as Syrians, were a significant power in the region during this period. Their withdrawal indicates a temporary retreat or cessation of hostilities, possibly due to achieving their immediate military objectives or other strategic reasons. This event follows their invasion, which was a divine judgment against Judah for their unfaithfulness (2 Chronicles 24:23-24). The Arameans' presence and actions were part of God's plan to discipline His people, as seen in other instances where foreign nations were used as instruments of judgment (Isaiah 10:5-6).

they left Joash severely wounded
Joash, the king of Judah, was left in a vulnerable state, both physically and politically. His severe wounds symbolize the consequences of his departure from faithfulness to God. Joash's reign began with promise under the guidance of Jehoiada the priest, but after Jehoiada's death, Joash turned to idolatry and abandoned the temple of the Lord (2 Chronicles 24:17-18). His physical wounds reflect his spiritual decline and the resulting divine judgment.

His own servants conspired against him
The conspiracy by Joash's servants highlights the internal strife and discontent within his administration. This act of betrayal can be seen as a fulfillment of the principle that those who shed innocent blood will themselves face violence (Genesis 9:6). The servants' conspiracy was motivated by Joash's actions against Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, which had caused unrest and dissatisfaction among those loyal to the priestly line.

for shedding the blood of the son of Jehoiada the priest
Joash's murder of Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, was a grave sin that led to his downfall. Zechariah's death is a significant event, as he was a prophet who spoke against the people's idolatry (2 Chronicles 24:20-22). This act of shedding innocent blood was a direct violation of God's commandments and a betrayal of the covenant relationship between the king and the priesthood. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's appointed leaders and the prophetic voice.

and they killed him on his bed
The assassination of Joash while he was on his bed indicates a cowardly and treacherous act, reflecting the depth of his betrayal by those closest to him. This manner of death contrasts with the honorable deaths of faithful kings and underscores the ignominy of Joash's end. It serves as a warning of the ultimate judgment that befalls those who forsake God's ways.

So he died and was buried in the City of David
Joash's burial in the City of David signifies his royal status, as this was the traditional burial place for the kings of Judah. However, his burial here does not imply honor, as the subsequent phrase clarifies. The City of David, located in Jerusalem, was a place of great historical and spiritual significance, being the site of King David's original fortress and the center of Jewish worship.

but not in the tombs of the kings
Joash's exclusion from the tombs of the kings indicates a lack of honor and respect at his death. This exclusion was a significant statement by the people of Judah, reflecting their disapproval of his actions and his failure to uphold the covenant with God. It serves as a stark contrast to the honor given to Jehoiada, who was buried among the kings for his faithfulness (2 Chronicles 24:16). This distinction underscores the biblical theme that true honor comes from obedience to God and righteousness.

Those who conspired against Joash
This phrase refers to the individuals involved in the assassination of King Joash of Judah. Joash's reign began with promise, as he was guided by the priest Jehoiada, but after Jehoiada's death, Joash turned away from God, leading to his downfall. The conspiracy against him was a result of his abandonment of the covenant with God and his subsequent actions, which included the murder of Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada. This act of betrayal by his own servants highlights the theme of divine retribution and justice found throughout the Old Testament.

were Zabad son of Shimeath the Ammonitess
Zabad, one of the conspirators, is identified as the son of Shimeath, an Ammonitess. The Ammonites were descendants of Lot and often in conflict with Israel, representing foreign influence and idolatry. The mention of his mother's nationality may suggest the infiltration of foreign religious practices and cultural influences into Judah, which were contrary to the worship of Yahweh. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of Israel's struggle with idolatry and the influence of surrounding nations.

and Jehozabad son of Shimrith the Moabitess
Jehozabad, another conspirator, is the son of Shimrith, a Moabitess. The Moabites, like the Ammonites, were often adversaries of Israel and associated with pagan worship. The inclusion of Moabite lineage emphasizes the theme of foreign influence and the dangers of alliances with those outside the covenant community. This connection to Moab also recalls the story of Ruth, a Moabitess who became an ancestor of David, highlighting the complexity of Israel's relationships with neighboring peoples and the potential for redemption and inclusion within God's plan.

The accounts of the sons of Joash
This phrase refers to the historical records concerning the sons of King Joash of Judah. Joash, also known as Jehoash, was a king who initially followed the ways of the Lord under the guidance of Jehoiada the priest. The mention of his sons indicates the continuation of his lineage, which is significant in the context of the Davidic line. The sons of Joash would have been expected to carry on the legacy of their father, though the biblical narrative often highlights the challenges and failures of subsequent generations. This phrase underscores the importance of family and lineage in the biblical narrative, particularly in the context of the covenant promises made to David.

and the many pronouncements about him
This refers to the various decrees, judgments, and events associated with King Joash's reign. Joash's reign was marked by both faithfulness and failure. Initially, he was zealous for the Lord, particularly in the restoration of the temple, but later he turned away from God, leading to his downfall. The "pronouncements" could include both the commendations for his early reforms and the condemnations for his later apostasy. This duality serves as a reminder of the importance of steadfastness in faith and the consequences of turning away from God.

and of the restoration of the house of God
This phrase highlights one of Joash's significant achievements: the repair and restoration of the temple in Jerusalem. The temple, being the center of worship and the symbol of God's presence among His people, had fallen into disrepair. Joash's efforts to restore it reflect his initial commitment to honoring God and maintaining the proper worship practices. This restoration can be seen as a type of Christ, who Himself is the ultimate restorer of the temple, not made with hands, and who purifies and sanctifies His people.

are indeed written in the Treatise of the Book of the Kings
This indicates that the detailed records of Joash's reign, including his sons, pronouncements, and temple restoration, were documented in another historical source, the "Book of the Kings." This book is not part of the canonical Bible but is referenced as a source of historical information. It suggests that the biblical authors had access to other historical records, which they used to compile the narratives found in the Scriptures. This phrase underscores the historical reliability and the careful documentation of events in the biblical text.

And his son Amaziah reigned in his place
This phrase marks the transition of power from Joash to his son Amaziah. Amaziah's reign is a continuation of the Davidic line, which is crucial for the fulfillment of God's promises to David. Amaziah, like his father, had a reign marked by both faithfulness and failure. His ascension to the throne signifies the ongoing narrative of the kings of Judah, each of whom played a role in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. This transition also serves as a reminder of the temporal nature of earthly kingdoms and the enduring nature of God's kingdom.