So Bezalel, Oholiab, and every skilled person
Bezalel and Oholiab are specifically chosen by God for the construction of the Tabernacle. Bezalel, from the tribe of Judah, and Oholiab, from the tribe of Dan, represent the unity of Israel's tribes in this divine task. Their mention highlights the importance of God-given skills and talents in fulfilling His purposes. The inclusion of "every skilled person" emphasizes the communal effort and the diversity of gifts within the community, reflecting the New Testament teaching on the body of Christ in 1 Corinthians 12:4-11.

are to carry out everything commanded by the LORD
This phrase underscores the importance of obedience to God's instructions. The construction of the Tabernacle was not left to human creativity but was to follow the divine blueprint given to Moses on Mount Sinai (Exodus 25:9). This obedience is a recurring theme in Scripture, illustrating the principle that God's work must be done in God's way.

who has given them skill and ability
The skills and abilities of Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other craftsmen are portrayed as gifts from God. This divine endowment is a reminder that all talents and abilities are ultimately sourced from God, as seen in James 1:17. It also reflects the biblical principle that God equips those He calls, as seen in the lives of figures like Moses and David.

to know how to perform all the work
The phrase indicates not just the possession of skill but the understanding and wisdom to apply it effectively. This mirrors the biblical concept of wisdom, which is more than knowledge; it is the practical application of knowledge in accordance with God's will. Proverbs 2:6 states that the Lord gives wisdom, and this wisdom is essential for carrying out His work.

of constructing the sanctuary
The sanctuary, or Tabernacle, was the dwelling place of God among His people, a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem. It symbolizes God's desire to dwell with humanity, a theme that culminates in the incarnation of Jesus Christ (John 1:14) and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in believers (1 Corinthians 3:16). The construction of the sanctuary is a type of Christ, who is the ultimate meeting place between God and man.

Then Moses summoned Bezalel, Oholiab, and every skilled person
Moses, as the leader of the Israelites, calls upon Bezalel and Oholiab, who were specifically chosen by God for their skills in craftsmanship (Exodus 31:1-6). This highlights the importance of leadership in recognizing and mobilizing God-given talents within a community. Bezalel, from the tribe of Judah, and Oholiab, from the tribe of Dan, represent the unity of different tribes working together for a common purpose. This gathering of skilled individuals reflects the communal effort required to build the Tabernacle, a central place of worship for the Israelites during their wilderness journey.

whom the LORD had gifted—
The phrase underscores the belief that all skills and talents are gifts from God. In the context of the Tabernacle's construction, it emphasizes divine involvement in the project, ensuring that the work is not just a human endeavor but a divinely inspired one. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where spiritual gifts are given by the Holy Spirit for the edification of the church (1 Corinthians 12:4-11). The acknowledgment of God's gifting serves as a reminder of the source of all abilities and the purpose they serve in His plans.

everyone whose heart stirred him to come and do the work.
This phrase highlights the voluntary nature of the work on the Tabernacle. It was not merely a duty but a response to an inner prompting, suggesting a heartfelt commitment to God's service. This willingness to serve is a recurring theme in Scripture, where God values the condition of the heart over mere external compliance (2 Corinthians 9:7). The stirring of the heart can be seen as a type of the work of the Holy Spirit, who moves believers to act according to God's will. This voluntary service prefigures the New Testament call for believers to offer themselves as living sacrifices (Romans 12:1).

They received from Moses all the contributions
The skilled craftsmen, led by Bezalel and Oholiab, received the materials necessary for the construction of the Tabernacle. This highlights the importance of leadership and organization in the community. Moses, as the mediator between God and the Israelites, ensures that the contributions are properly distributed. This reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and the orderly administration of resources for God's work.

that the Israelites had brought
The Israelites' contributions were a response to God's command and a reflection of their willingness to participate in His divine plan. This act of giving is significant as it demonstrates their obedience and commitment to the covenant relationship with God. The collective effort underscores the communal aspect of worship and service in the Israelite community.

to carry out the service of constructing the sanctuary
The construction of the sanctuary, or Tabernacle, was a central task for the Israelites as it represented God's dwelling among them. The term "service" indicates that this was not merely a building project but a sacred duty. The sanctuary served as a physical manifestation of God's presence and a place for worship, sacrifice, and communion with God, foreshadowing the ultimate sanctuary found in Jesus Christ.

Meanwhile, the people continued to bring freewill offerings
The ongoing nature of the offerings shows the Israelites' generosity and dedication. Freewill offerings were voluntary, indicating a heartfelt response to God's grace. This continuous giving reflects a spirit of worship and gratitude, setting a precedent for New Testament teachings on cheerful giving (2 Corinthians 9:7).

morning after morning
The phrase "morning after morning" emphasizes the regularity and consistency of the Israelites' offerings. This daily act of giving can be seen as a form of worship and devotion, mirroring the daily sacrifices and prayers that would later be instituted in the Temple. It also points to the idea of daily renewal and commitment to God, a theme echoed in Lamentations 3:22-23, where God's mercies are described as new every morning.

so that all the skilled craftsmen
The term "skilled craftsmen" refers to individuals endowed with specific talents and abilities necessary for the construction of the sanctuary. In the context of Exodus, these craftsmen were divinely inspired and equipped by God, as seen in Exodus 31:1-6, where Bezalel and Oholiab are mentioned as leaders filled with the Spirit of God for this purpose. This highlights the importance of God-given skills and talents in fulfilling His purposes.

who were doing all the work
The phrase emphasizes the active involvement and dedication of the craftsmen in the construction of the sanctuary. This work was not just manual labor but a sacred task, as the sanctuary was to be the dwelling place of God among His people. The meticulous nature of their work reflects the detailed instructions given by God in previous chapters (Exodus 25-31), underscoring the importance of obedience and precision in worship.

on the sanctuary
The sanctuary, also known as the Tabernacle, was a portable earthly dwelling place for God among the Israelites. It served as a central place of worship and sacrifice during their journey through the wilderness. The construction of the sanctuary was a fulfillment of God's command in Exodus 25:8, "Then have them make a sanctuary for Me, so that I may dwell among them." This foreshadows the coming of Jesus Christ, who is described in John 1:14 as the Word who "became flesh and made His dwelling among us."

left their work
This indicates a pause or interruption in the construction process. The context in Exodus 36 reveals that the craftsmen stopped because the people had brought more than enough materials for the work (Exodus 36:5-7). This abundance reflects the generosity and willingness of the Israelites to contribute to God's work, a principle echoed in 2 Corinthians 9:7, where believers are encouraged to give cheerfully. The cessation of work due to abundance also symbolizes God's provision and the sufficiency of His resources for His purposes.

and said to Moses
This phrase indicates a direct communication to Moses, the leader and prophet of Israel. Moses, as the mediator between God and the Israelites, often received instructions and reports from the people and relayed God's commands. This reflects the hierarchical structure of leadership established by God, where Moses served as the primary human authority. It also underscores the importance of clear communication in executing God's plans.

The people are bringing more than enough
This highlights the generosity and willingness of the Israelites to contribute to the construction of the Tabernacle. It reflects a spirit of abundance and willingness to give, which is a recurring theme in Scripture. This act of giving can be seen as a response to God's deliverance from Egypt and His ongoing provision. It also prefigures the New Testament teaching on giving, where believers are encouraged to give generously and cheerfully (2 Corinthians 9:7).

for doing the work
The "work" refers to the construction of the Tabernacle, a central place of worship for the Israelites. This was a significant task, as the Tabernacle was to be the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The work required skilled labor and materials, and the people's contributions were essential. This phrase emphasizes the communal effort and shared responsibility in fulfilling God's commands.

the LORD has commanded us to do
This underscores the divine origin of the instructions for the Tabernacle. The work was not merely a human initiative but a direct command from God. It highlights the importance of obedience to God's commands and the role of divine authority in guiding the actions of His people. The Tabernacle itself is a type of Christ, as it symbolizes God's presence among His people, foreshadowing the incarnation of Jesus, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14).

After Moses had given an order
Moses, as the leader of the Israelites and God's chosen prophet, often communicated God's commands to the people. This order reflects his authoritative role in guiding the construction of the Tabernacle, a central place of worship. The context here is the building of the Tabernacle, which required specific materials and craftsmanship as detailed in earlier chapters of Exodus. Moses' leadership is a type of Christ, who also gives commands to His followers.

they sent a proclamation throughout the camp
The camp refers to the encampment of the Israelites in the wilderness. This proclamation was a public announcement, indicating the organized structure and communication methods among the Israelites. The camp was a temporary dwelling place, reflecting the transient nature of their journey to the Promised Land. This mirrors the Christian journey towards eternal life, emphasizing the importance of community and obedience.

“No man or woman should make anything else as an offering for the sanctuary.”
This directive highlights the overwhelming generosity of the Israelites, as they had already provided more than enough materials for the construction of the Tabernacle. It underscores the principle of giving willingly and abundantly, as seen in 2 Corinthians 9:7, where Paul encourages cheerful giving. The sanctuary, or Tabernacle, was a precursor to the Temple and ultimately points to Jesus Christ, who is the true dwelling place of God among men (John 1:14).

So the people were restrained from bringing more,
The restraint indicates that the people's hearts were stirred to give beyond what was necessary, demonstrating their devotion and commitment to God's work. This act of restraint is unique in Scripture, showing a rare instance where the people's generosity exceeded the need. It serves as a reminder of God's provision and the sufficiency of His blessings, paralleling the sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice for humanity's sins.

since what they already had
This phrase highlights the abundance of resources that the Israelites had gathered for the construction of the Tabernacle. The Israelites, who had recently been freed from slavery in Egypt, contributed materials such as gold, silver, and fine fabrics. This abundance can be seen as a reflection of God's provision and the willingness of the people to give generously. The materials were likely acquired from the Egyptians during the Exodus, as described in Exodus 12:35-36, where the Israelites were given gold, silver, and clothing by the Egyptians.

was more than enough
The phrase indicates that the contributions exceeded the needs for the Tabernacle's construction. This abundance is significant because it demonstrates the Israelites' commitment and generosity towards God's dwelling place among them. It also reflects a principle of God's provision, where He often provides more than what is necessary, as seen in the feeding of the 5,000 in the New Testament (John 6:12-13), where there were leftovers after everyone was fed.

to perform all the work
This refers to the construction of the Tabernacle, a central place of worship for the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness. The work involved skilled craftsmanship and detailed artistry, as described in earlier chapters of Exodus. The Tabernacle was a portable sanctuary that symbolized God's presence with His people. The completion of the work with more than enough resources underscores the importance of the Tabernacle in the Israelites' spiritual life and foreshadows the coming of Jesus Christ, who is described as the true Tabernacle in John 1:14, where "the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us."

All the skilled craftsmen among the workmen made the ten curtains for the tabernacle.
This phrase highlights the involvement of skilled artisans in the construction of the tabernacle, emphasizing the importance of craftsmanship in worship. The tabernacle was a portable sanctuary for the Israelites during their wilderness journey, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The number ten often signifies completeness in the Bible, suggesting the thoroughness and perfection required in the tabernacle's construction. The craftsmen's skills were divinely inspired, as seen in Exodus 31:1-6, where God fills Bezalel and Oholiab with His Spirit to lead the work.

They were made of finely spun linen,
Finely spun linen was a luxurious and costly material, indicating the tabernacle's sacredness and the reverence due to God. Linen was often associated with purity and righteousness, as seen in Revelation 19:8, where the fine linen represents the righteous acts of the saints. The use of such material underscores the holiness required in approaching God.

as well as blue, purple, and scarlet yarn,
These colors were significant in ancient Near Eastern cultures, often associated with royalty and divinity. Blue symbolized the heavens and divine revelation, purple was a color of royalty and wealth, and scarlet represented sacrifice and atonement. The combination of these colors in the tabernacle's curtains pointed to the majesty and holiness of God, as well as the sacrificial system that would be central to Israel's worship.

with cherubim skillfully worked into them.
Cherubim are angelic beings often associated with the presence of God, as seen in Genesis 3:24, where they guard the way to the Tree of Life, and in Ezekiel 10, where they are part of God's throne chariot. Their depiction on the curtains symbolized the heavenly reality of God's throne room, making the tabernacle a microcosm of the divine presence. This foreshadows the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate meeting place between God and humanity, as seen in John 1:14, where the Word became flesh and "tabernacled" among us.

Each curtain was twenty-eight cubits long
The length of twenty-eight cubits (approximately 42 feet or 12.8 meters) for each curtain signifies the grandeur and scale of the Tabernacle, reflecting the majesty of God. The number 28, being a multiple of 7, can symbolize completeness and perfection in biblical numerology. The curtains' length ensured that the Tabernacle was a significant and imposing structure, emphasizing the importance of God's dwelling place among His people.

and four cubits wide
The width of four cubits (approximately 6 feet or 1.8 meters) for each curtain indicates the practical design for covering the Tabernacle. The number four often represents universality or the earth in biblical symbolism, suggesting that God's presence was meant to be accessible and encompassing. The dimensions allowed for a precise fit, ensuring the Tabernacle was both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

all the curtains were the same size
Uniformity in the size of the curtains highlights the order and precision in God's instructions for the Tabernacle's construction. This consistency reflects God's nature as a God of order and detail. The identical size of the curtains ensured a harmonious and unified appearance, symbolizing the unity and equality of the tribes of Israel under God's covenant. This uniformity can also be seen as a type of Christ, who brings unity and equality to all believers.

And he joined five of the curtains together
The joining of the curtains signifies unity and completeness in the construction of the Tabernacle, which was the dwelling place of God among the Israelites. The number five often symbolizes grace in biblical numerology, suggesting that the Tabernacle was a place where God's grace was manifest. The curtains were made of fine linen, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and were embroidered with cherubim, indicating the heavenly nature of the Tabernacle. This act of joining reflects the meticulous obedience to God's instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai (Exodus 26:1-6). The curtains' unity can be seen as a type of the unity of the body of Christ, the Church, as described in Ephesians 4:4-6.

and the other five he joined as well
The repetition of joining the other five curtains emphasizes the importance of symmetry and order in God's design. This mirrors the creation narrative where God brings order out of chaos. The Tabernacle's structure, with its precise measurements and arrangements, reflects God's nature as a God of order and detail. Historically, the Tabernacle served as a portable sanctuary during the Israelites' wilderness journey, symbolizing God's presence and guidance. The joining of the curtains can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the New Covenant, where Christ's sacrifice would bring together Jews and Gentiles into one body (Ephesians 2:14-16). The act of joining signifies the coming together of God's people in worship and service.

He made loops of blue material
The use of blue material in the construction of the tabernacle is significant. Blue, often associated with the heavens, symbolizes divinity and the presence of God. In the ancient Near East, blue dye was rare and expensive, often derived from shellfish, indicating the preciousness of the tabernacle's construction. The loops served a practical purpose, allowing the curtains to be joined, but they also remind us of the heavenly nature of God's dwelling among His people.

on the edge of the end curtain in the first set
The tabernacle was constructed with ten curtains, divided into two sets of five. The edge of the end curtain in the first set signifies the boundary where the two sets would be joined. This detail emphasizes the precision and orderliness required in the construction of the tabernacle, reflecting God's nature of order and perfection. The curtains themselves were made of fine linen, symbolizing purity and righteousness.

and also on the end curtain in the second set
The repetition of the loops on the end curtain in the second set highlights the symmetry and unity of the tabernacle's design. This unity is a reflection of the unity and harmony that God desires among His people. The joining of the two sets of curtains can be seen as a type of Christ, who unites believers into one body. The tabernacle, as a whole, is a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate dwelling place of God among men (John 1:14).

He made fifty loops on one curtain
The making of fifty loops on the curtain is a detailed instruction given by God for the construction of the Tabernacle, emphasizing precision and order. The number fifty in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or fullness, as seen in the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:10). The loops were likely made of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, materials that were significant in the Tabernacle's construction, symbolizing royalty and divinity.

and fifty loops on the end curtain of the second set
The repetition of fifty loops on the second set of curtains indicates the importance of symmetry and balance in the Tabernacle's design. This reflects God's nature as a God of order (1 Corinthians 14:33). The curtains were part of the Tabernacle's covering, which served as a dwelling place for God's presence among His people, foreshadowing the incarnation of Christ, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14).

so that the loops lined up opposite one another
The alignment of the loops opposite one another ensured that the curtains could be joined together seamlessly, creating a unified structure. This unity is symbolic of the unity of the body of Christ, the Church, as described in Ephesians 4:16. The precise alignment also reflects the meticulous care and obedience required in following God's instructions, highlighting the importance of faithfulness in worship and service.

He also made fifty gold clasps
The use of gold in the construction of the tabernacle signifies the preciousness and divine nature of the structure. Gold, being a symbol of purity and value, reflects the holiness of God. The number fifty is significant in biblical numerology, often associated with the concept of jubilee and freedom, as seen in Leviticus 25. The clasps served a practical purpose in joining the curtains, but they also symbolize unity and completeness in the divine design.

to join the curtains together
The curtains of the tabernacle were made of fine linen and blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, representing the heavenly, royal, and sacrificial aspects of God's presence. The joining of the curtains with gold clasps signifies the unity and coherence of God's dwelling place among His people. This unity can be seen as a foreshadowing of the unity of believers in Christ, as described in Ephesians 4:3-6, where the church is called to maintain the unity of the Spirit.

so that the tabernacle was a unit
The tabernacle as a unit represents the dwelling place of God among the Israelites, a central theme in the Old Testament. It was a portable sanctuary, reflecting God's desire to be present with His people as they journeyed through the wilderness. This unity of the tabernacle prefigures the unity of the body of Christ, the church, as described in 1 Corinthians 12:12-27. The tabernacle's design and function point to Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of God's presence with humanity, as stated in John 1:14, where the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.

He then made curtains of goat hair
The use of goat hair for the curtains signifies durability and protection. Goat hair was a common material in ancient Near Eastern cultures for making tents due to its water-resistant properties. This choice reflects the practical needs of a nomadic people. Biblically, goats often symbolize sin and atonement, as seen in the scapegoat ritual (Leviticus 16:10). The use of goat hair here may symbolize the covering of sin, pointing to the ultimate atonement through Christ.

for the tent over the tabernacle
The tent over the tabernacle served as an additional layer of protection and separation, emphasizing the holiness of the tabernacle itself. The tabernacle was the dwelling place of God among His people, a precursor to the temple and ultimately to Christ, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14). This layering signifies the need for mediation between God and man, fulfilled in Jesus.

eleven curtains in all
The number eleven is unique here, as it is one more than ten, which often represents completeness or divine order. The extra curtain may symbolize the abundance of God's provision and protection. In the broader biblical narrative, numbers often carry symbolic meaning, and the odd number here could suggest the idea of going beyond what is expected, reflecting God's grace.

Each of the eleven curtains
The construction of the Tabernacle involved precise instructions, reflecting God's order and holiness. The use of eleven curtains signifies completeness and divine order. Curtains served as a barrier, symbolizing separation from the holy presence of God, yet also as a means of approach through prescribed ways. The number eleven, though not as symbolically significant as other numbers in Scripture, still contributes to the overall symmetry and design of the Tabernacle.

was the same size
Uniformity in the size of the curtains emphasizes the importance of equality and consistency in the worship and service of God. This uniformity reflects the unity and harmony expected among God's people. It also points to the meticulous nature of God's instructions, where every detail has significance and purpose.

thirty cubits long
A cubit is approximately 18 inches, making each curtain about 45 feet long. The length of the curtains ensured that the Tabernacle was adequately covered, providing protection and privacy. The number thirty can be seen in other biblical contexts, such as the age at which Levites began their service (Numbers 4:3) and the age Jesus began His ministry (Luke 3:23), suggesting maturity and readiness for service.

and four cubits wide
At about 6 feet wide, the width of the curtains allowed for a manageable size for handling and assembly. The number four often represents universality or completeness in the Bible, as seen in the four corners of the earth (Isaiah 11:12). This could symbolize the comprehensive nature of God's covenant with Israel, encompassing all aspects of life and worship.

He joined five of the curtains into one set
In the construction of the Tabernacle, the joining of the curtains signifies unity and completeness. The number five often symbolizes grace in biblical numerology, suggesting that the Tabernacle, as a dwelling place for God, is a manifestation of His grace among His people. The act of joining these curtains reflects the meticulous care and divine order in the construction of the Tabernacle, emphasizing the importance of following God's specific instructions. This unity can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the unity of believers in Christ, as the Church is often described as the body of Christ, joined together in faith and purpose.

and the other six into another
The number six is often associated with humanity and imperfection, as man was created on the sixth day. The separation of the curtains into two sets, one of five and one of six, may symbolize the distinction between divine grace and human imperfection. This division could also represent the separation between the holy and the common, a recurring theme in the Old Testament, where God's holiness is set apart from the sinfulness of humanity. The careful construction and division of the Tabernacle's elements highlight the need for order and reverence in worship, pointing to the ultimate reconciliation and perfection found in Jesus Christ, who bridges the gap between God and man.

He made fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the first set
The construction of the Tabernacle was a detailed process, reflecting God's specific instructions to Moses. The use of "fifty loops" signifies completeness and order, as the number fifty often represents in biblical numerology. The loops were likely made of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, materials that were both valuable and symbolic of royalty and divinity. The "end curtain in the first set" refers to the outermost layer of the Tabernacle's covering, which was made of fine linen. This curtain's placement and design were crucial for the structure's integrity and beauty, symbolizing the separation between the holy and the common. The meticulous attention to detail in the Tabernacle's construction underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands.

and fifty loops along the edge of the corresponding curtain in the second set
The repetition of "fifty loops" for the second set of curtains emphasizes symmetry and balance in the Tabernacle's design. This reflects the orderliness of God's creation and His desire for harmony in worship. The "corresponding curtain" indicates that the two sets of curtains were meant to be joined together, creating a unified and cohesive structure. This joining can be seen as a metaphor for the unity of God's people, brought together in worship and service. The precise alignment of the loops ensured that the curtains would hang properly, maintaining the sanctity and functionality of the Tabernacle. This attention to detail highlights the importance of following divine instructions in the pursuit of holiness.

He also made fifty bronze clasps
The use of bronze in the construction of the tabernacle signifies strength and durability. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was commonly used in ancient times for tools and weapons, symbolizing judgment and endurance. The number fifty often represents completeness or fullness in biblical numerology, as seen in the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:10). The clasps were essential for holding the tent structure together, indicating the importance of unity and cohesion in the community of believers.

to join the tent together
The tent refers to the tabernacle, the portable dwelling place for the presence of God among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The joining of the tent signifies the unity and oneness of the structure, reflecting the unity of God's people. This act of joining can be seen as a precursor to the New Testament concept of the church as the body of Christ, where believers are joined together in faith and purpose (Ephesians 4:16).

as a unit
The tabernacle was designed to be a single, cohesive unit, symbolizing the singularity of God's covenant with Israel. This unity is a reflection of the divine order and harmony intended for God's creation. The concept of being a unit also points to the future unity of believers in Christ, as seen in Jesus' prayer for unity among His followers (John 17:21). The tabernacle's construction as a unified whole prefigures the ultimate unity of heaven and earth in the new creation (Revelation 21:3).

Additionally, he made for the tent a covering of ram skins dyed red
The use of ram skins dyed red for the tabernacle's covering is significant in several ways. Rams were considered valuable animals, often used in sacrifices, symbolizing substitution and atonement. The red dye likely symbolizes blood, pointing to the sacrificial system and ultimately to the blood of Christ, who is the ultimate sacrifice for sin (Hebrews 9:22). The use of dyed skins also indicates the importance of the tabernacle as a holy place, set apart for God's presence among His people. The meticulous detail in the construction of the tabernacle reflects the care and reverence required in worshiping God.

and over that a covering of fine leather
The fine leather, sometimes translated as "sea cow hides" or "badger skins," served as an additional protective layer for the tabernacle. This outermost covering provided durability and protection from the elements, ensuring the tabernacle's longevity as the Israelites journeyed through the wilderness. The use of fine leather signifies the provision and care of God for His dwelling place, ensuring it was safeguarded against external threats. This layer can also be seen as a type of Christ, who covers and protects His people, providing a refuge and shelter (Psalm 91:4). The dual coverings highlight the balance of beauty and practicality in God's design, emphasizing both the spiritual and physical aspects of His covenant with Israel.

Next, he constructed
This phrase indicates a continuation of the work on the tabernacle, following the detailed instructions given by God to Moses. The construction of the tabernacle was a significant event in Israel's history, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The use of "he" refers to Bezalel, the chief artisan, who was filled with the Spirit of God to carry out this sacred task.

upright frames
The upright frames were essential structural components of the tabernacle, providing stability and form. These frames were likely rectangular and formed the walls of the tabernacle. The design reflects the order and precision that God required, emphasizing the importance of following divine instructions meticulously.

of acacia wood
Acacia wood was chosen for its durability and resistance to decay, making it ideal for the harsh desert environment. This wood is native to the Sinai region, where the Israelites were encamped. The use of acacia wood also symbolizes incorruptibility and purity, qualities associated with Christ, who is often typified by elements of the tabernacle.

for the tabernacle
The tabernacle was a portable sanctuary that served as the dwelling place of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness. It was a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem and held deep theological significance, representing God's covenant and His desire to dwell with His people. The tabernacle's design and function foreshadowed the coming of Jesus Christ, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14), fulfilling the ultimate purpose of God's presence with humanity.

Each frame was ten cubits long
The dimensions of the frames for the Tabernacle are significant, reflecting the precision and orderliness of God's instructions. A cubit is generally considered to be about 18 inches, making each frame approximately 15 feet long. This length indicates the grandeur and scale of the Tabernacle, which was to be a dwelling place for God's presence among His people. The use of specific measurements underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands, as seen throughout the construction of the Tabernacle. This precision can be compared to the detailed instructions given for Noah's Ark (Genesis 6:15) and Solomon's Temple (1 Kings 6:2).

and a cubit and a half wide
The width of each frame, approximately 27 inches, contributes to the stability and structure of the Tabernacle. The frames were made of acacia wood, known for its durability and resistance to decay, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's covenant with Israel. The use of acacia wood and the specific dimensions highlight the care and craftsmanship involved in creating a sacred space. This attention to detail reflects the holiness and separateness of the Tabernacle, setting it apart as a place of worship and meeting with God. The dimensions also remind believers of the importance of following God's design in their own lives, as seen in the New Testament call to be living temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19).

Two tenons were connected to each other for each frame.
The use of tenons in the construction of the tabernacle frames reflects the precision and craftsmanship required in the building of this sacred structure. Tenons are a type of joint used in woodworking, indicating the importance of stability and durability in the tabernacle's design. This method ensured that the frames were securely joined, symbolizing unity and strength. The tabernacle, as a dwelling place for God's presence among the Israelites, required meticulous attention to detail, reflecting God's holiness and the need for order in worship. The concept of two becoming one can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the unity between Christ and the Church, as well as the unity within the body of believers.

He made all the frames of the tabernacle in this way.
The consistency in the construction of all the frames highlights the uniformity and orderliness that God commanded for His dwelling place. This uniformity can be seen as a reflection of God's unchanging nature and the consistency of His laws and commandments. The tabernacle served as a portable sanctuary during the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, and its construction was a communal effort, involving the skills and contributions of many. This mirrors the New Testament teaching of the Church as the body of Christ, where each member has a role and function, contributing to the whole. The tabernacle's design and construction were divinely inspired, as detailed in earlier chapters of Exodus, emphasizing the importance of following God's instructions precisely.

He constructed twenty frames
The construction of the tabernacle frames was a significant task, as these frames formed the structural backbone of the tabernacle. The number twenty is symbolic in biblical numerology, often representing a complete or perfect waiting period. The frames were likely made of acacia wood, known for its durability and resistance to decay, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's covenant with Israel. The use of frames instead of solid walls allowed for portability, reflecting the Israelites' nomadic lifestyle during their wilderness journey.

for the south side
The south side of the tabernacle was one of the longer sides, measuring approximately 45 feet in length. The orientation of the tabernacle was significant, with the entrance facing east, symbolizing the direction of the rising sun and new beginnings. The south side would have been to the right of someone entering the tabernacle, a position often associated with favor and strength in biblical texts. This orientation also aligns with the traditional layout of ancient Near Eastern temples, emphasizing the tabernacle's role as a sacred space.

of the tabernacle
The tabernacle, also known as the Tent of Meeting, was the portable earthly dwelling place of God among the Israelites. It served as a central place of worship and sacrifice during their journey from Egypt to the Promised Land. The tabernacle's design was given directly by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, emphasizing its divine origin and purpose. It prefigures the temple in Jerusalem and ultimately points to Jesus Christ, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14), fulfilling the role of mediator between God and humanity. The tabernacle's construction and function highlight themes of holiness, atonement, and God's desire to dwell with His people.

with forty silver bases
The use of silver in the construction of the tabernacle is significant, as silver often symbolizes redemption in the Bible. The forty bases suggest a foundation of redemption, aligning with the broader theme of God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt. The number forty is frequently associated with periods of testing and preparation in Scripture, such as the forty years in the wilderness.

to put under the twenty frames
The frames, or boards, form the structure of the tabernacle, representing the dwelling place of God among His people. The number twenty, being a multiple of ten, can symbolize completeness or divine order. The frames provide stability and support, much like the spiritual foundation believers are called to build their lives upon.

two bases for each frame
The dual bases for each frame emphasize stability and balance. This can be seen as a reflection of the dual nature of Christ as both fully God and fully man, providing a firm foundation for faith. The pairing also suggests the importance of community and partnership in the faith journey.

one under each tenon
The tenons are the connecting points, ensuring the frames are securely joined. This detail highlights the importance of unity and connection within the body of Christ. Just as the tabernacle's structure relies on these connections, so too does the church rely on the unity of its members, as seen in passages like Ephesians 4:16.

For the second side of the tabernacle
The tabernacle was a portable sanctuary used by the Israelites during their wanderings in the desert. It was a central place of worship and symbolized God's presence among His people. The construction of the tabernacle was commanded by God and detailed in Exodus 25-31. The "second side" refers to the continuation of the structure's framework, emphasizing the completeness and symmetry of the design.

the north side
The north side of the tabernacle was one of the four sides of this rectangular structure. In biblical symbolism, directions often hold significance. The north can represent judgment or mystery, as seen in other scriptures like Jeremiah 1:14. The orientation of the tabernacle was specific, with the entrance facing east, which is often associated with new beginnings and the coming of light.

he made twenty frames
The frames, or boards, were part of the tabernacle's structure, providing stability and form. Each frame was made of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, signifying both the humanity and divinity of Christ, as wood represents humanity and gold represents divinity. The number twenty, in biblical numerology, can symbolize a complete or perfect waiting period, as seen in the twenty years Jacob waited to be freed from Laban (Genesis 31:38-41). The meticulous construction of the tabernacle reflects the order and precision of God's instructions, pointing to the importance of obedience and reverence in worship.

and forty silver bases—
The use of silver in the construction of the Tabernacle is significant, as silver often symbolizes redemption in the Bible. The silver bases provided a foundation for the Tabernacle's frames, indicating the importance of a strong, redeeming foundation for the dwelling place of God. In biblical times, silver was a valuable metal, often used in trade and as currency, which underscores the preciousness of the Tabernacle's construction materials. The number forty is frequently associated with periods of testing or preparation in Scripture, such as the forty years the Israelites spent in the wilderness. This may suggest that the Tabernacle's foundation was not only physical but also spiritual, preparing the Israelites for their covenant relationship with God.

two bases under each frame.
The structure of the Tabernacle was designed with precision, and the use of two bases for each frame provided stability and balance. This duality can be seen as a reflection of the dual nature of Christ, both human and divine, providing a stable foundation for faith. The frames and bases were part of the larger system that allowed the Tabernacle to be portable, reflecting the transient nature of the Israelites' journey and God's presence with them wherever they went. This portability is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are described as the temple of the Holy Spirit, indicating that God's presence is not confined to a single location but is with His people always.

He made six frames
The construction of the tabernacle was a significant event in the history of Israel, as it represented God's dwelling among His people. The frames, or boards, were part of the tabernacle's structure, providing stability and form. The number six may symbolize human effort, as it is one less than seven, which often represents completeness or divine perfection in the Bible. The use of frames indicates a portable structure, suitable for the Israelites' nomadic lifestyle during their wilderness journey.

for the rear of the tabernacle
The rear of the tabernacle was the western side, which was considered the back. This orientation is significant because the entrance faced east, a direction often associated with the presence of God (as seen in the Garden of Eden and the direction of the rising sun). The rear would be the most protected part of the tabernacle, symbolizing the security and sanctity of God's dwelling place.

the west side
In ancient Near Eastern culture, the west was often associated with the end of the day and rest. For the Israelites, the west side of the tabernacle would be the final point of their journey, symbolizing the ultimate rest and peace found in God's presence. The west side's construction with six frames highlights the importance of stability and protection for the most sacred area of the tabernacle, where the Holy of Holies was located. This can also be seen as a type of Christ, who provides ultimate rest and security for believers.

and two frames
The construction of the tabernacle involved precise instructions given by God to Moses. The frames, or boards, were integral to the structure, providing stability and form. The use of two frames here emphasizes the importance of symmetry and balance in the design, reflecting the orderliness of God's creation. The number two often symbolizes witness or testimony in the Bible, suggesting the tabernacle's role in bearing witness to God's presence among His people.

for the two back corners
The back corners of the tabernacle were crucial for structural integrity, ensuring the tent's stability. In ancient Near Eastern architecture, corners were often seen as points of strength. The tabernacle's design, including its corners, was a reflection of heavenly realities, as described in Hebrews 8:5, where the earthly tabernacle is a shadow of the heavenly one. The corners may also symbolize the completeness and perfection of God's dwelling place.

of the tabernacle
The tabernacle was the portable dwelling place for the presence of God among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. It served as a central place of worship and sacrifice, foreshadowing the coming of Jesus Christ, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14). The tabernacle's construction, with its detailed instructions, highlights the holiness and separateness of God, as well as His desire to dwell with His people.

coupled together from bottom to top
This phrase describes the construction technique used in the Tabernacle, emphasizing the unity and stability of the structure. The Tabernacle was a portable sanctuary used by the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The coupling from bottom to top signifies a comprehensive and secure assembly, ensuring that the structure was both stable and unified. This can be seen as a metaphor for the unity and completeness of God's covenant with Israel, as well as the unity of the body of Christ in the New Testament (Ephesians 4:16).

and fitted into a single ring
The use of a single ring to fit the boards together highlights the precision and intentionality in the Tabernacle's design. This reflects the order and perfection of God's creation and His instructions. The ring can symbolize the eternal nature of God's covenant, as rings often represent eternity and unbroken promises. In a broader theological context, this can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the perfect and eternal mediator of the New Covenant (Hebrews 9:15).

He made both corners in this way
The mention of corners indicates the completion and integrity of the structure. Corners are often seen as points of strength and stability in construction. In biblical symbolism, corners can represent the foundation and strength of God's kingdom. This is echoed in the New Testament where Christ is referred to as the "chief cornerstone" (Ephesians 2:20), signifying His foundational role in the Church. The careful construction of the Tabernacle's corners underscores the importance of following God's precise instructions, which is a recurring theme throughout the Exodus narrative.

So there were eight frames
The construction of the Tabernacle involved precise instructions given by God to Moses. The eight frames mentioned here are part of the structure's framework, specifically for the west end of the Tabernacle. The number eight in biblical numerology often signifies new beginnings or a new order, which can be seen as symbolic of the new covenant relationship between God and Israel established through the Tabernacle.

and sixteen silver bases
Silver in the Bible often symbolizes redemption and atonement. The use of silver bases for the frames underscores the foundation of the Tabernacle being rooted in redemption. Each base was made from a talent of silver, which was collected as a ransom offering from the Israelites (Exodus 30:11-16). This points to the idea that the dwelling place of God among His people is founded on the principle of redemption.

two under each frame
The stability and support provided by the two bases under each frame highlight the importance of a firm foundation. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a type of the dual nature of Christ—fully God and fully man—providing the perfect foundation for the faith of believers. Additionally, the dual bases may symbolize the two tablets of the Law, which were central to the covenant relationship between God and Israel.

He also made five crossbars of acacia wood
The use of acacia wood is significant throughout the construction of the tabernacle. Acacia wood is known for its durability and resistance to decay, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's covenant with Israel. The number five often represents grace in biblical numerology, suggesting the grace of God in providing a means for His presence among His people. The crossbars provided structural support, ensuring the stability of the tabernacle, which can be seen as a metaphor for the strength and support God provides to His people.

for the frames on one side of the tabernacle
The tabernacle was a portable sanctuary, reflecting the nomadic lifestyle of the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The frames and crossbars were essential for maintaining the integrity of the structure as it was assembled and disassembled. This phrase highlights the meticulous care and precision involved in the tabernacle's construction, emphasizing the importance of following God's instructions exactly. The tabernacle itself is a type of Christ, as it was the dwelling place of God's presence among His people, just as Jesus is God dwelling among us (John 1:14). The detailed construction points to the order and holiness required in approaching God, a theme that runs throughout the Old Testament and finds fulfillment in the New Testament through Christ.

five for those on the other side
This phrase refers to the construction of the tabernacle, specifically the frames or boards used in its structure. The number five is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing God's grace. The tabernacle itself is a symbol of God's presence among His people, and the precise instructions for its construction reflect the order and holiness required to approach God. The "other side" indicates the symmetry and balance in the design, emphasizing the completeness and perfection of God's dwelling place.

and five for those on the rear side of the tabernacle
The rear side of the tabernacle, also known as the west side, was an important part of the structure. The repetition of the number five here reinforces the idea of grace and divine order. The rear side was opposite the entrance, which faced east, a direction often associated with God's glory and presence (as seen in Ezekiel 43:2). The careful construction of the rear side ensured the tabernacle's stability and integrity, symbolizing the steadfastness of God's covenant with Israel.

to the west
The westward orientation of the tabernacle's rear side is significant in biblical symbolism. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the west was often associated with the end of the day and rest, which can be seen as a metaphor for the ultimate rest found in God's presence. The tabernacle's orientation, with its entrance facing east and the rear to the west, may also symbolize the journey from darkness to light, from sin to redemption, reflecting the spiritual journey of the Israelites and, by extension, all believers. This orientation can also be seen as a type of Christ, who is the way to the Father, leading believers from the darkness of sin into the light of God's presence.

He made the central crossbar
The central crossbar was a crucial component in the construction of the Tabernacle, serving to stabilize the structure. This reflects the importance of order and precision in worship, as God provided specific instructions for the Tabernacle's construction. The crossbar can symbolize the unity and strength found in the body of Christ, as believers are called to be united in purpose and faith.

to run through the center of the frames
The design of the Tabernacle, including the central crossbar running through the frames, highlights the meticulous nature of God's instructions. This central positioning signifies the importance of having God at the center of worship and life. It also prefigures the centrality of Christ in the believer's life, as He is the cornerstone of faith and the one who holds all things together.

from one end to the other
The phrase "from one end to the other" emphasizes the completeness and thoroughness of God's design. It suggests the idea of continuity and consistency, which are essential in the life of faith. This can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ's eternal nature and His role as the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, who encompasses all of creation and history.

And he overlaid the frames with gold
The overlaying of the frames with gold signifies the preciousness and divine nature of the Tabernacle, reflecting God's holiness and glory. Gold, a symbol of purity and value, was used extensively in the Tabernacle's construction, indicating the sacredness of the space where God would dwell among His people. This act of overlaying with gold can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate manifestation of God's glory and purity. The use of gold also connects to the heavenly visions in Revelation, where the New Jerusalem is described as having streets of pure gold.

and made gold rings to hold the crossbars
The gold rings served a practical purpose, providing a means to secure the crossbars that stabilized the Tabernacle's structure. This detail highlights the importance of order and stability in God's design, ensuring that the Tabernacle was both beautiful and functional. The use of gold for the rings emphasizes the sacredness of even the smallest components of the Tabernacle. This can be connected to the New Testament teaching that every part of the body of Christ, the Church, is valuable and has a purpose (1 Corinthians 12:12-27).

He also overlaid the crossbars with gold
The crossbars, like the frames, were overlaid with gold, further emphasizing the unity and coherence of the Tabernacle's design. This act symbolizes the pervasive holiness required in the presence of God. The crossbars' function of holding the structure together can be seen as a type of Christ, who holds all things together (Colossians 1:17). The consistent use of gold throughout the Tabernacle points to the unchanging nature of God's holiness and the continuity of His covenant with His people.

Next, he made the veil
The veil mentioned here is a significant element in the construction of the Tabernacle, serving as a divider between the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place. This separation symbolizes the barrier between God and humanity due to sin. The veil's construction is attributed to skilled artisans, emphasizing the importance of craftsmanship in worship.

of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn,
The colors used in the veil are rich and vibrant, each with symbolic meaning. Blue often represents heaven or divinity, purple signifies royalty and wealth, and scarlet symbolizes sacrifice and atonement. These colors together reflect the divine nature and kingly authority of God, as well as the sacrificial system that points to the need for atonement.

and finely spun linen,
Linen was a high-quality material, representing purity and righteousness. Its use in the veil underscores the holiness required to approach God. Linen's durability and quality also reflect the enduring nature of God's covenant with His people.

with cherubim skillfully worked into it.
Cherubim are angelic beings associated with the presence of God, often depicted as guardians of sacred spaces. Their inclusion in the veil design signifies the protection of the divine presence and the holiness of the Most Holy Place. This imagery connects to the cherubim placed at the entrance of the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:24) and the cherubim on the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:18-22), reinforcing the theme of God's holiness and the separation caused by sin. The veil, with its cherubim, foreshadows the ultimate removal of this barrier through the death of Jesus Christ, as described in the tearing of the temple veil at His crucifixion (Matthew 27:51).

He also made four posts of acacia wood for it
The use of acacia wood is significant due to its durability and resistance to decay, symbolizing the enduring nature of God's covenant. Acacia trees were common in the Sinai region, making the wood accessible for the Israelites. The number four often represents universality or completeness in the Bible, suggesting the comprehensive nature of God's presence and protection.

and overlaid them with gold
Gold in the tabernacle signifies divinity and purity, reflecting God's holiness. The overlaying of gold on the acacia wood can be seen as a type of Christ, who is both divine (gold) and human (wood). This duality points to the incarnation of Jesus, who is fully God and fully man.

along with gold hooks
The gold hooks were functional, used to hang the curtains of the tabernacle. They also symbolize the connection between the divine and the earthly, as the hooks held the fabric that separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place. This separation was later removed through Christ's sacrifice, as described in Hebrews 10:19-20.

and he cast four silver bases for the posts
Silver often represents redemption in the Bible, as seen in the silver shekels used for the atonement money (Exodus 30:11-16). The silver bases provided a foundation for the posts, symbolizing that the structure of God's dwelling place is founded on redemption. This foreshadows the redemptive work of Christ, who is the foundation of the Church.

For the entrance to the tent
The entrance to the tent refers to the entrance of the Tabernacle, the portable sanctuary used by the Israelites during their wilderness journey. This entrance was significant as it was the primary access point to the holy place, symbolizing the way to approach God. The Tabernacle itself was a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem and represented God's dwelling among His people. The design and structure of the Tabernacle, including its entrance, were given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, emphasizing the importance of divine instruction in worship.

he made a curtain
The curtain served as a barrier between the outside world and the sacred space within the Tabernacle. It was a physical representation of the separation between God and humanity due to sin, yet it also provided a way for the Israelites to approach God through the prescribed means. This curtain can be seen as a type of Christ, who later becomes the ultimate mediator between God and man, as described in the New Testament (Hebrews 10:19-20).

embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn
The use of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn in the embroidery of the curtain is rich with symbolism. Blue often represents heaven or divinity, purple signifies royalty and kingship, and scarlet symbolizes sacrifice and atonement. These colors together point to the nature and work of Jesus Christ, who is divine, the King of Kings, and the ultimate sacrifice for sin. The use of these colors in the Tabernacle's design underscores the foreshadowing of Christ's redemptive work.

and finely spun linen
Finely spun linen was a sign of purity and righteousness. Linen was a costly and high-quality material, indicating the value and holiness of the Tabernacle. In biblical symbolism, linen is often associated with the righteousness of the saints (Revelation 19:8). The use of such material for the curtain highlights the purity required to enter God's presence, which is ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who clothes believers in His righteousness.

together with five posts and their hooks.
The construction of the Tabernacle involved precise instructions, reflecting God's desire for order and holiness. The five posts mentioned here were part of the entrance to the Holy Place, signifying a boundary between the sacred and the common. The use of hooks suggests functionality, likely for hanging the curtain that served as a door. The number five can symbolize grace in biblical numerology, indicating the grace required to enter God's presence.

He overlaid the tops of the posts and their bands with gold,
Gold in the Tabernacle symbolizes divinity and purity, reflecting God's holiness. The overlaying of gold on the posts signifies the sanctity of the entrance to the Holy Place. This use of gold connects to other parts of the Tabernacle, such as the Ark of the Covenant, which was also overlaid with gold, pointing to the divine presence. Gold's incorruptibility represents the eternal nature of God.

and their five bases were bronze.
Bronze, often associated with judgment and strength, was used for the bases of the posts. This metal's presence at the foundation of the entrance suggests the need for a firm, righteous base when approaching God. Bronze is also used in the construction of the altar of burnt offering, symbolizing the judgment of sin. The combination of gold and bronze in the Tabernacle's construction reflects the balance of God's holiness and justice.