The Altar of Fragrant Incense, also known simply as the Altar of Incense, holds significant importance in the worship practices of ancient Israel as described in the Old Testament. It was a key component of the Tabernacle, and later the Temple, serving as a symbol of prayer and intercession before God.

Biblical Description and Construction

The instructions for the construction of the Altar of Fragrant Incense are detailed in Exodus 30:1-10. The altar was to be made of acacia wood and overlaid with pure gold, measuring a cubit in length and width, and two cubits in height. It featured horns on its four corners, also overlaid with gold, and a gold molding around its top. Two gold rings were to be attached under the molding on opposite sides to hold poles for carrying the altar, which were also made of acacia wood and overlaid with gold.

Placement and Function

The altar was placed in the Holy Place of the Tabernacle, directly in front of the veil that separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place (Exodus 40:5). Its primary function was to burn fragrant incense made from a specific blend of spices as prescribed by God (Exodus 30:34-38). Aaron, the high priest, was instructed to burn incense on the altar every morning and evening when he tended the lamps (Exodus 30:7-8).

Symbolism and Significance

The Altar of Fragrant Incense symbolizes the prayers of the people ascending to God. In Psalm 141:2, David expresses this symbolism: "May my prayer be set before You like incense, my uplifted hands like the evening offering." The rising smoke of the incense represented the prayers and intercessions of the Israelites, continually offered before the Lord.

The altar also played a role in the Day of Atonement rituals. Once a year, the high priest would make atonement on its horns with the blood of the sin offering (Exodus 30:10), symbolizing the purification and sanctification necessary for the prayers of the people to be acceptable to God.

New Testament References

In the New Testament, the imagery of incense continues to represent prayer. Revelation 5:8 describes the prayers of the saints as golden bowls full of incense. This connection underscores the continuity of the symbolism from the Old to the New Covenant, emphasizing the importance of prayer and intercession in the life of believers.

Theological Implications

The Altar of Fragrant Incense serves as a powerful reminder of the necessity of prayer and the intercessory role of the priesthood. In the New Covenant, Jesus Christ is seen as the ultimate High Priest, whose intercession on behalf of believers is perfect and eternal (Hebrews 7:25). The altar's presence in the Tabernacle and Temple underscores the centrality of worship and communion with God in the life of His people.

In summary, the Altar of Fragrant Incense is a profound symbol of prayer, intercession, and the continual presence of God among His people, reflecting the deep spiritual truths that permeate the worship practices of ancient Israel and find fulfillment in the New Testament revelation.