1 Kings 21:11
New International Version
So the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth’s city did as Jezebel directed in the letters she had written to them.

New Living Translation
So the elders and other town leaders followed the instructions Jezebel had written in the letters.

English Standard Version
And the men of his city, the elders and the leaders who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent word to them. As it was written in the letters that she had sent to them,

Berean Standard Bible
So the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth’s city did as Jezebel had instructed in the letters she had written to them.

King James Bible
And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

New King James Version
So the men of his city, the elders and nobles who were inhabitants of his city, did as Jezebel had sent to them, as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them.

New American Standard Bible
So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did just as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent them.

NASB 1995
So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent them.

NASB 1977
So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent them.

Legacy Standard Bible
So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent them.

Amplified Bible
So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived there, did as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them.

Christian Standard Bible
The men of his city, the elders and nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters she had sent them.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The men of his city, the elders and nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had commanded them, as was written in the letters she had sent them.

American Standard Version
And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who dwelt in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, according as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

Contemporary English Version
After receiving her letters, they did exactly what she had asked.

English Revised Version
And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who dwelt in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, according as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The men in Naboth's city-the respected leaders and nobles who lived there-did what Jezebel asked them to do. They did just as she had written in the letters she sent.

Good News Translation
The officials and leading citizens of Jezreel did what Jezebel had commanded.

International Standard Version
So the leading men of the city, along with the elders and nobles who lived there, did precisely what Jezebel had directed them to do. They followed the instructions that she had set forth in the memos:

Majority Standard Bible
So the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth?s city did as Jezebel had instructed in the letters she had written to them.

NET Bible
The men of the city, the leaders and the nobles who lived there, followed the written orders Jezebel had sent them.

New Heart English Bible
The men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent to them, according as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent to them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them.

World English Bible
The men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had instructed them in the letters which she had written and sent to them.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And the men of his city, the elderly and the nobles who are dwelling in his city, do as Jezebel has sent to them, as written in the letters that she sent to them,

Young's Literal Translation
And the men of his city, the elders and the freemen who are dwelling in his city, do as Jezebel hath sent unto them, as written in the letters that she sent unto them,

Smith's Literal Translation
And the men of his city, the old men and the nobles, who were dwelling in his city, will do as Jezebel sent to them, according to what was written in the letters which she sent to them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And the men of his city, the ancients and nobles, that dwelt with him in the city, did as Jezabel had commanded them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them:

Catholic Public Domain Version
Then his fellow citizens, those greater by birth and the nobles who were living with him in the city, did just as Jezebel had instructed them, and just as it was written in the letters that she had sent to them.

New American Bible
His fellow citizens—the elders and the nobles who dwelt in his city—did as Jezebel had ordered in the letters she sent them.

New Revised Standard Version
The men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did as Jezebel had sent word to them. Just as it was written in the letters that she had sent to them,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who dwelt in the city with Naboth, did as Jezebel had sent to them and as it was written in the letter which she had sent to them.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the men of his city, the Elders and the Nobles who dwelt in the city, did with Nabuth as Jezebel sent to them, according to what was written in the letter which she had sent them.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who dwelt in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, according as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the men of his city, the elders, and the nobles who dwelt in his city, did as Jezabel sent to them, and as it had been written in the letters which she sent to them.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jezebel's Plot
10But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.” 11 So the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth’s city did as Jezebel had instructed in the letters she had written to them. 12They proclaimed a fast and gave Naboth a seat of honor among the people.…

Cross References
Exodus 23:1-2
“You shall not spread a false report. Do not join the wicked by being a malicious witness. / You shall not follow the crowd in wrongdoing. When you testify in a lawsuit, do not pervert justice by siding with the crowd.

Deuteronomy 19:15-21
A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses. / If a false witness testifies against someone, accusing him of a crime, / both parties to the dispute must stand in the presence of the LORD, before the priests and judges who are in office at that time. ...

Psalm 27:12
Do not hand me over to the will of my foes, for false witnesses rise up against me, breathing out violence.

Psalm 35:11
Hostile witnesses come forward; they make charges I know nothing about.

Proverbs 6:16-19
There are six things that the LORD hates, seven that are detestable to Him: / haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, / a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that run swiftly to evil, ...

Isaiah 5:23
who acquit the guilty for a bribe and deprive the innocent of justice.

Isaiah 59:4
No one calls for justice; no one pleads his case honestly. They rely on empty pleas; they tell lies; they conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity.

Jeremiah 5:26-28
For among My people are wicked men; they watch like fowlers lying in wait; they set a trap to catch men. / Like cages full of birds, so their houses are full of deceit. Therefore they have become powerful and rich. / They have grown fat and sleek, and have excelled in the deeds of the wicked. They have not taken up the cause of the fatherless, that they might prosper; nor have they defended the rights of the needy.

Jeremiah 18:18
Then some said, “Come, let us make plans against Jeremiah, for the law will never be lost to the priest, nor counsel to the wise, nor an oracle to the prophet. Come, let us denounce him and pay no heed to any of his words.”

Ezekiel 22:6-12
See how every prince of Israel within you has used his power to shed blood. / Father and mother are treated with contempt. Within your walls the foreign resident is exploited, the fatherless and the widow are oppressed. / You have despised My holy things and profaned My Sabbaths. ...

Micah 6:12
For the wealthy of the city are full of violence, and its residents speak lies; their tongues are deceitful in their mouths.

Matthew 26:59-60
Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus in order to put Him to death. / But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward

Mark 14:55-56
Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking testimony against Jesus to put Him to death, but they did not find any. / For many bore false witness against Jesus, but their testimony was inconsistent.

Luke 23:2
And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.”

John 18:29-30
So Pilate went out to them and asked, “What accusation are you bringing against this man?” / “If He were not a criminal,” they replied, “we would not have handed Him over to you.”


Treasury of Scripture

And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent to them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them.

did as Jezebel

Exodus 1:17,21
But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive…

Exodus 23:1,2
Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness…

Leviticus 19:15
Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

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Authority Chiefs City Directed Dwelling Dwelt Elders Freemen Inhabitants Jezebel Jez'ebel Letters Naboth's Nobles Responsible Word Written
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1 Kings 21
1. Ahab being denied Naboth's vineyard, is grieved
5. Jezebel writing letters against Naboth, he is condemned of blasphemy
15. Ahab take possession of the vineyard
17. Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab and Jezebel
25. Wicked Ahab repenting, God defers the judgment














So the elders and nobles
The phrase "elders and nobles" refers to the leaders and influential figures within the community. In ancient Israel, elders were respected for their wisdom and experience, often serving as judges or decision-makers. The term "nobles" indicates individuals of high social standing or authority. This highlights the gravity of the situation, as those who should uphold justice are complicit in wrongdoing. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zeqenim), which conveys a sense of maturity and responsibility. The involvement of these leaders underscores the moral decay and corruption that can infiltrate even the highest levels of society.

who lived in Naboth’s city
This phrase situates the events geographically and socially. Naboth's city is identified as Jezreel, a significant location in Israel's history. The mention of the city emphasizes the communal aspect of the crime against Naboth, as it was not an isolated act but one involving the entire community's leadership. The city of Jezreel was known for its strategic and fertile location, making Naboth's vineyard particularly desirable. This context highlights the tension between personal rights and royal desires, a recurring theme in the narrative of Israel's monarchy.

did as Jezebel had instructed
The phrase "did as Jezebel had instructed" reveals the influence and authority Jezebel wielded, even over the leaders of Israel. Jezebel, a Phoenician princess and wife of King Ahab, is often depicted as a symbol of idolatry and manipulation. Her instructions were not merely suggestions but commands that the elders and nobles felt compelled to obey. This reflects the dangerous power of corrupt leadership and the ease with which moral integrity can be compromised when individuals prioritize personal gain or fear over righteousness.

in the letters she had written to them
The use of "letters" indicates a formal and premeditated plan. Writing letters was a method of communication that carried weight and authority, especially when coming from the queen. The fact that Jezebel's instructions were written suggests a calculated and deliberate effort to achieve her goals, leaving a tangible record of her manipulation. This act of writing also implies a level of deceit, as the letters would have been perceived as official and legitimate orders. The historical context of written communication in ancient times underscores the seriousness of the conspiracy against Naboth, as it involved not just verbal commands but documented directives.

(11) And the men of his city . . . did.--The pains taken in the invention of this foul plot, and the ready acquiescence of the rulers of the city in carrying it out, are characteristic of the baser forms of organised Eastern despotism--not venturing to take life by simple violence without some cause apparently shown, and yet always able to poison the springs of justice, and do murder under form of law. In Israel, where the king was held to be but a vicegerent of God, subject, in theory, under the old constitution or "manner of the kingdom" (1Samuel 10:25), to the supreme law, the need of clothing crime with legal form would be especially felt.

Verse 11. - And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them [Their ready compliance shows not merely the "deep moral degradation of the Israelites" at that period, but also the terror which the name of Jezebel inspired], and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them. [That she did not hesitate to put her infamous command into writing shows the character of the woman.]

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
So the elders
הַזְּקֵנִ֣ים (haz·zə·qê·nîm)
Article | Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 2205: Old

and nobles
וְהַחֹרִ֗ים (wə·ha·ḥō·rîm)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2715: White, pure, noble

who
אֲשֶׁ֤ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

lived
הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ (hay·yō·šə·ḇîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

in [Naboth's] city
בְּעִיר֔וֹ (bə·‘î·rōw)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5892: Excitement

did
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ֩ (way·ya·‘ă·śū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 6213: To do, make

as
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר (ka·’ă·šer)
Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

Jezebel
אִיזָ֑בֶל (’î·zā·ḇel)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 348: Jezebel -- queen of Israel with King Ahab

had instructed
שָׁלְחָ֥ה (šā·lə·ḥāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

in the letters
בַּסְּפָרִ֔ים (bas·sə·p̄ā·rîm)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5612: A missive, document, writing, book

she had written
שָׁלְחָ֖ה (šā·lə·ḥāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

to them.
אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ (’ă·lê·hem)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to


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OT History: 1 Kings 21:11 The men of his city even (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg)
1 Kings 21:10
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