Then Hiram sent a reply to Solomon
This phrase introduces us to the diplomatic correspondence between Hiram, the king of Tyre, and Solomon, the king of Israel. Hiram's response signifies a continuation of the strong alliance between Tyre and Israel, which began with David, Solomon's father. Historically, Tyre was known for its skilled craftsmen and abundant resources, particularly in timber. The Hebrew root for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) implies a deliberate and purposeful action, indicating Hiram's commitment to maintaining this alliance. This reflects the importance of international relations and cooperation in achieving God's purposes, as Solomon sought to build the temple.

I have received your message
Hiram acknowledges Solomon's request, demonstrating the effective communication and mutual respect between the two leaders. The phrase underscores the importance of clear and respectful dialogue in leadership. The Hebrew word for "received" (שָׁמַע, shama) often implies not just hearing, but understanding and responding appropriately. This highlights the biblical principle of listening with intent to act, a key aspect of wisdom that Solomon himself exemplified.

I will do all you desire
Hiram's willingness to fulfill Solomon's request reflects his respect and admiration for Solomon's wisdom and leadership. The phrase "all you desire" indicates a generous and comprehensive commitment. The Hebrew root for "desire" (חָפֵץ, chaphets) conveys delight and willingness, suggesting that Hiram found joy in supporting Solomon's divine mission. This cooperation can be seen as a fulfillment of God's promise to David that his son would build the temple, illustrating how God uses alliances to accomplish His plans.

regarding the cedar and cypress timber
Cedar and cypress were highly valued in the ancient Near East for their durability and fragrance, making them ideal for temple construction. The use of these materials signifies the temple's grandeur and the dedication of the best resources to God's house. Archaeological findings confirm the prominence of cedar in Phoenician trade, emphasizing Tyre's role as a key supplier. The Hebrew word for "cedar" (אֶרֶז, erez) and "cypress" (בְּרוֹשׁ, berosh) highlight the quality and significance of these materials. This provision of resources symbolizes God's provision and the importance of offering our best to Him in worship and service.

Verse 8. - And Hiram sent to Solomon [in writing, 2 Chronicles 2:11. It is instructive to remember in connexion with this fact that, according to the universal belief of antiquity, the use of letters, i.e., the art of writing, was communicated to the Greeks by the Phoenicians. Gesenius, indeed, holds that the invention of letters is also due to them. See the interesting remarks of Mr. Twisleton, Dict. Bib. 2. pp. 866-868], saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest unto me for [Heb. heard the things (i.e., message) which thou sentest unto me]: and I will do all thy desire concerning [Heb. in, i.e., as to] timber [or trees] of cedar [Heb. cedars] and timber of fir [Heb. trees of cypresses. This is, perhaps, the proper place to inquire what. trees are intended by the words אֶרֶז, and בְּרושׁ, here respectively translated" cedar" and "fir." As to the first, it is impossible to restrict the word to the one species (Pinus cedrus or Cedrus Libani) which is now known as the cedar of Lebanon, or, indeed, to any single plant. That the Cedrus Libani, one of the most magnificent of trees, is meant in such passages as Ezekiel 31, Psalm 92:12, etc., admits of no manner of doubt. It is equally clear, however, that in other passages the term "cedar" must refer to some other tree. In Numbers 19:6, and Leviticus 14:6, e.g., the juniper would seem to be meant. "The cedar could not have been procured in the desert without great difficulty, but the juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) is most plentiful there." (The "cedar" of our pencils, it may be remarked, is a kind of juniper - Juniperus Bermudiana.) In Ezekiel 27:5, "they have taken cedars of Lebanon to make masts for thee," it is probable that the Pinus Halepensis, not, as was formerly thought, the Scotch fir (Pinus sylvestris), is intended. The Cedrus Libani appears to be indifferently adapted to any such purpose, for which, however, the Pinus Halepensis is eminently fitted. But in the text, as throughout ch. 5-8, the reference, it can hardly be doubted, is to the Cedrus Libani. It is true the wood of this species is neither beautiful nor remarkably durable. Dr. Lindley calls it the "worthless, though magnificent cedar," but the former adjective, however true it may be of English-grown cedar, cannot justly be applied to the tree of the Lebanon mountain. The writer has some wood in his possession, brought by him from the Lebanon, and though it has neither fragrance nor veining, it is unmistakably a hard and resinous wood. And it should be remembered that it was only employed by Solomon in the interior of the temple, and was there, for the most part, overlaid with gold, and that the climate of Palestine is much less destructive than our own. There seems to be no sufficient reason, therefore, for rejecting the traditional and till recently universal belief that the Cedrus Libani was the timber chosen for the temple use. Mr. Houghton, in Smith's Dict. Bib., vol. 3. App. A. p. 40, who speaks of it "as being κατ ἐξοχὴν, the firmest and grandest of the conifers," says at the same time that "it has no particular quality to recommend it for building purposes; it was probably therefore not very extensively used in the construction of the temple." But no other tree can be suggested which better suits the conditions of the sacred narrative. The deodara, which has found favour with some writers, it is now positively stated, does not grow near the Lebanon. It may be added that, under the name of Eres, the yew was probably included. The timber used in the palaces of Nineveh, which was long believed to be cedar, is now proved to be yew (Dict. Bib., art. "Cedar"). However it is certain that אֶרֶז is a nomen generale which includes, at any rate, the pine, the cedar, and the juniper, in confirmation of which it may be mentioned that at the present day, "the name arz is applied by the Arabs to all three" (Royle, in Kitto's Cyclop., art. "Eres"). The Grove of Cedars now numbers about 450 trees, great and small. Of these about a dozen are of prodigious size and considerable antiquity, possibly carrying us back (as the natives think) to the time of Solomon. Their precise age, however, can only be a matter of conjecture. The identification of the "fir" is even more precarious than that of the cedar. Celsius would see in this the true cedar of Lebanon. Others identify it with the juniper (Juniperus excelsa) or with the Pinus Halepensis, but most writers (among whom are Keil and Bahr) believe the evergreen cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) to be intended. Very probably the name Berosh comprehended two or three different species, as the cypress, the juniper, and the savine. The first named grows even near the summits of the mountain. Bahr says it is inferior to cedar (but see above). According to Winer, it is well fitted for building purposes, as" it is not eaten by worms, and is almost imperishable and very light." It is certainly of a harder and closer grain, and more durable than the Cedrus Libani. It shows the brevity of our account that Solomon has not mentioned his desire for "fir" as well as" cedar." This is disclosed in Hiram's reply, and in the parallel passage of the chronicler. It is also to be noticed that in the text the request for materials is more prominently brought to view, while in Chronicles the petition is for workmen.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Then Hiram
חִירָם֙ (ḥî·rām)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2438: Hiram -- a Benjamite, also two Arameans (Syrians)

sent
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח (way·yiš·laḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

a reply to
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

Solomon,
שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה (šə·lō·mōh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8010: Solomon -- David's son and successor to his throne

saying:
לֵאמֹ֔ר (lê·mōr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 559: To utter, say

“I have received
שָׁמַ֕עְתִּי (šā·ma‘·tî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently

your message;
אֲשֶׁר־ (’ă·šer-)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

I
אֲנִ֤י (’ă·nî)
Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 589: I

will do
אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ (’e·‘ĕ·śeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

you desire
חֶפְצְךָ֔ (ḥep̄·ṣə·ḵā)
Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 2656: Pleasure, desire, a valuable thing, a matter

regarding the cedar
אֲרָזִ֖ים (’ă·rā·zîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 730: A cedar tree

and cypress
בְרוֹשִֽׁים׃ (ḇə·rō·wō·šîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1265: A cypress, tree, a lance, a musical instrument

timber.
בַּעֲצֵ֥י (ba·‘ă·ṣê)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 6086: Tree, trees, wood


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OT History: 1 Kings 5:8 Hiram sent to Solomon saying I have (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg)