Lexical Summary Isaak: Isaac Original Word: Ἰσαάκ Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Isaac. Of Hebrew origin (Yitschaq); Isaac (i.e. Jitschak), the son of Abraham -- Isaac. see HEBREW Yitschaq NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originof Hebrew origin Yitschaq Definition Isaac, the son of Abraham NASB Translation Isaac (20). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2464: ἸσαάκἸσαάκ, ὁ, indeclinable (יִצְחָק, from צָחַק to laugh: Genesis 21:6; Genesis 17:17; in Josephus, Ἰσακος, Ἰσακου), Isaac, the son of Abraham by Sarah: Matthew 1:2; Matthew 8:11; Matthew 22:32; Romans 9:7, 10; Galatians 4:28; Hebrews 11:9, 17ff,20; James 2:21, etc. ἰσάγγελος, ἰσαγγελον (ἴσος and ἄγγελος, formed like ἰσόθεος (cf. ἰσάδελφος (Euripides, Or. 1015), ἰσάστερος (4 Macc. 17:5), and other compounds in Koumanoudes, συναγωγή κτλ., p. 166f)), like the angels: Luke 20:36. (Ecclesiastical writings; (cf. ἴσος ἀγγέλοις γεγονώς, Philo de sacr. Ab. et Cain. § 2; Winer's Grammar, § 34, 3 cf., p. 100 (95)).) Topical Lexicon Historical Background Isaac, the long-awaited son of Abraham and Sarah, embodies the fulfillment of divine promise (Genesis 17–22). Through him the covenant line is preserved, linking the patriarchal age to the nation of Israel and, ultimately, to the Messiah. Occurrences in the New Testament The name appears twenty times, always transliterated the same way. The references cluster around five themes: (1) the Messiah’s lineage (Matthew 1:2; Luke 3:34); (2) Jesus’ own teaching on the kingdom and the resurrection (Matthew 8:11; 22:32; Mark 12:26; Luke 13:28; 20:37); (3) apostolic proclamation to Israel (Acts 3:13; 7:8, 32); (4) Paul’s doctrine of promise and election (Romans 9:7, 10; Galatians 4:28); and (5) faith and obedience in Hebrews 11 and James 2. Genealogical Witness to the Messiah Matthew 1:2 traces the legal line of Jesus through Abraham and Isaac, anchoring the gospel in covenant history. Luke 3:34 repeats the connection in the biological genealogy that reaches back to Adam. Together the lists confirm that the Messiah emerges from the specific family to whom God pledged blessing for the world (Genesis 22:18). God of the Living Jesus cites Isaac when defending the resurrection: “‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ He is not the God of the dead, but of the living” (Matthew 22:32; cf. Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37). Because God’s covenant partners still live to Him, the patriarchs’ mention becomes an apologetic for bodily resurrection and the continuity of God’s purposes across ages. Isaac and the Eschatological Banquet In Matthew 8:11 Jesus foresees Gentiles “from the east and the west” dining with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom. Luke 13:28 echoes the scene. Isaac thus becomes a symbol both of covenant inclusion and of the tragic loss awaiting those who reject the Messiah, for “the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into outer darkness” (Matthew 8:12). Apostolic Proclamation to Israel Peter’s second temple sermon identifies the God who glorified Jesus as “the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob” (Acts 3:13). Stephen likewise grounds his defense in the patriarchal covenant (Acts 7:8, 32). Behind both speeches lies the conviction that the risen Christ fulfills the promises first sworn to Isaac. Child of Promise and Doctrine of Election Paul cites Isaac to clarify that physical descent alone never guaranteed covenant blessing: “Through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned” (Romans 9:7). The next verse contrasts the twin sons of Rebekah (Romans 9:10–13), underscoring God’s sovereign choice. Galatians 4:28 then applies the patriarch to believers: “Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise.” In Christ, the spiritual seed inherits what the natural seed only prefigured. Figure of Saving Faith and Obedience Hebrews 11 spotlights Isaac at three moments: sharing Abraham’s sojourn (11:9), lying on the altar (11:17–18), and pronouncing prophetic blessings (11:20). James 2:21 cites the binding of Isaac to illustrate that genuine faith acts. These passages make Isaac a lens through which believers learn persevering trust and the costly obedience that faith produces. Pastoral and Ministry Applications 1. Covenant Continuity: Referencing Isaac reassures believers that God’s promises do not fail but advance from patriarchs to gospel. Christological Typology Isaac, the beloved son carried to Mount Moriah, foreshadows the greater Son whom the Father would not spare (Romans 8:32). The substitutionary ram anticipates the Lamb of God, and the resurrection-like outcome (Hebrews 11:19) prefigures Easter morning. Thus every New Testament mention of Isaac ultimately directs attention to Jesus Christ, in whom all God’s promises are “Yes” and “Amen” (2 Corinthians 1:20). Forms and Transliterations Ισαακ Ἰσαάκ Ἰσαὰκ Isaak Isaák IsaàkLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Matthew 1:2 NGRK: ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαάκ Ἰσαὰκ δὲ NAS: was the father of Isaac, Isaac KJV: Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac INT: was father of Issac Isaac moreover Matthew 1:2 N Matthew 8:11 N Matthew 22:32 N Mark 12:26 N Luke 3:34 N Luke 13:28 N Luke 20:37 N Acts 3:13 N Acts 7:8 N Acts 7:8 N Acts 7:32 N Romans 9:7 N Romans 9:10 N Galatians 4:28 N Hebrews 11:9 N Hebrews 11:17 N Hebrews 11:18 N Hebrews 11:20 N James 2:21 N |
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