Strong's Lexicon oreph: Neck, back of the neck, stubbornness Original Word: עֹרֶף Word Origin: From an unused root meaning to be stiff-necked Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The concept of stubbornness or obstinacy in the New Testament can be related to Greek words such as "σκληροκαρδία" (sklerokardia - hardness of heart) found in passages like Matthew 19:8. Usage: The Hebrew word "oreph" primarily refers to the physical back of the neck. It is often used metaphorically in the Bible to describe stubbornness or obstinacy, particularly in the context of the Israelites' resistance to God's commands. The term "stiff-necked" is derived from this word, illustrating a refusal to turn or change direction, much like an animal that resists being led. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the neck was often seen as a symbol of strength and will. To be "stiff-necked" was to be unyielding and rebellious, a trait that was frequently criticized by prophets and leaders. The imagery of a stiff neck would have been easily understood in a pastoral society familiar with the behavior of livestock. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom an unused word Definition back of the neck, neck NASB Translation back (5), backs (5), became stubborn* (2), neck (11), necks (2), obstinate* (4), stubborn* (2), stubbornness* (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs עֹ֫רֶף noun masculineDeuteronomy 31:27 back of neck, neck; — ׳ע absolute Joshua 7:12 +; construct Genesis 49:8 +; suffix עָרְמִּי Job 16:12, עָרְמְּךָ Deuteronomy 31:27, etc.; — 1 back of neck of fleeing foe ׳וגו ׳יָָֽדְךָ בְּע Genesis 49:8 (poem in J), compare וְאָחַז בְּעָרְמִּי Job 16:12 (figurative); Exodus 23:27 (E), Psalm 18:41 = 2 Samuel 22:41; turn (הָפַח, מָּנָה) one's back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Joshua 7:8,12 (JE), absolute Jeremiah 48:39; figurative of apostasy אֶל ׳מָּנָה ע Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 32:33 (opposed to מָּנָה פָנִים) absolute ׳וַיִּתְּנּוּ ע2Chronicles 29:6; of ׳יs disfavour וְלֹא פָנִים אֶרְאֵם ׳ע Jeremiah 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them. 2 figurative in ׳קְשֵׁהעֿ stiff of neck, i.e. obstinate, of Israel Exodus 32:8; Exodus 33:3,5; Exodus 34:9 (all J E), Deuteronomy 9:6,13; עָרְמְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה Deuteronomy 31:27; with verb ׳הִקְשָׁה ע i.e. be obstinate, intractable Deuteronomy 10:16; Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 17:23; Jeremiah 19:15; 2 Kings 17:14 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 9:16,17,29; 2Chronicles 30:8; compare ׳גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע Isaiah 48:4 ("" קָשֶׁה אָ֑תָּה); ׳הִקְשָׁה ע of individual 2 Chronicles 36:13; Proverbs 29:1. 3 of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְמּוֺ Leviticus 5:8 (P). Strong's Exhaustive Concordance stiff-necked From araph; the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative) -- back ((stiff-)neck((-ed). see HEBREW araph Forms and Transliterations בְּ֭עָרְפִּי בְּעֹ֣רֶף בערף בערפי וְעָ֨רְפְּכֶ֔ם וְעָרְפָּ֥ם וערפכם וערפם כְּעֹ֣רֶף כערף עָרְפְּךָ֖ עָרְפְּכֶ֖ם עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ עָרְפָּ֔ם עָרְפָּם֙ עָרְפּ֖וֹ עָרְפּוֹ֙ עֹ֑רֶף עֹ֔רֶף עֹ֖רֶף עֹ֗רֶף עֹ֙רֶף֙ עֹ֥רֶף עֹ֧רֶף עֹֽרֶף׃ ערף ערף׃ ערפו ערפך ערפכם ערפם ‘ā·rə·pām ‘ā·rə·pe·ḵā ‘ā·rə·pə·ḵā ‘ā·rə·pə·ḵem ‘ā·rə·pōw ‘ārəpām ‘ārəpeḵā ‘ārəpəḵā ‘ārəpəḵem ‘ārəpōw ‘ō·rep̄ ‘ōrep̄ arePam arepeCha arepeChem arePo bə‘ārəpî bə‘ōrep̄ bə·‘ā·rə·pî bə·‘ō·rep̄ Bearepi beOref kə‘ōrep̄ kə·‘ō·rep̄ keOref Oref vearePam veArepeChem wə‘ārəpām wə‘ārəpəḵem wə·‘ā·rə·pām wə·‘ā·rə·pə·ḵemLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 49:8 HEB: אַחֶ֔יךָ יָדְךָ֖ בְּעֹ֣רֶף אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ יִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ NAS: you; Your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies; KJV: thy hand [shall be] in the neck of thine enemies; INT: your brothers your hand the neck enemies shall bow Exodus 23:27 Exodus 32:9 Exodus 33:3 Exodus 33:5 Exodus 34:9 Leviticus 5:8 Deuteronomy 9:6 Deuteronomy 9:13 Deuteronomy 10:16 Deuteronomy 31:27 Joshua 7:8 Joshua 7:12 2 Samuel 22:41 2 Kings 17:14 2 Kings 17:14 2 Chronicles 29:6 2 Chronicles 30:8 2 Chronicles 36:13 Nehemiah 9:16 Nehemiah 9:17 Nehemiah 9:29 Job 16:12 Psalm 18:40 Proverbs 29:1 33 Occurrences |
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