Lexical Summary pesach: Passover Original Word: פֶסַח Strong's Exhaustive Concordance passover offering From pacach; a pretermission, i.e. Exemption; used only techically of the Jewish Passover (the festival or the victim) -- passover (offering). see HEBREW pacach NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom pasach Definition passover NASB Translation Passover (46), Passover offerings (3). Brown-Driver-Briggs מֶּ֫סַח noun masculine passover (usually (Thes and most) from I. פסח, with reference to Exodus 12:13 etc.; ReussGeschichte. AT § 58 passing over into new year; SchaeferPassah-Mazzoth (1900), 346 compare Assyrian pašâ—u, soothe, placate [deity], < be soothed, Pi`el transitive, JenZA iv (1889), 275 ZimBabylonian Rel. i (1896). Glossary; ii (1899), 92; SchwIdiot, 124 from II. פסח, of sacred dance); — absolute ׳פ Exodus 12:11 +; מָּ֑סַח Exodus 12:21 +; plural מְּסָחִים2Chronicles 30:17 3t.; — 1 sacrifice of Passover, involving communion-meal, hence a species of peace-offering (compare I. זֶבַח II. 2), ׳הוא לי ׳זֶבַח פ Exodus 12:27 (J), compare Exodus 12:11 (P); ׳זָבַח פ Deuteronomy 16:2,5,6; ׳אבל הפ2Chronicles 30:18; the special feature lay in the application of blood to homes to consecrate them: compare simile Babylonian rite of purification Zimib. ii. 126-7. 2 the animal victim of the passover: ׳שׁחט פ Exodus 12:21 (J) 2 Chron 30:15; 35:1; 35:6; 35:11; Ezra 6:20, compare 2Chronicles 30:17; באשׁ ׳בשׁל הפ2Chronicles 35:13; לפסחים2Chronicles 35:7,8,9. [Passover animals (compare BrHex.206) were צאֹן flock Exodus 12:21 (J), שֶׁה Exodus 12:3; Exodus 12:4; Exodus 12:5, including כֶּבֶשׁ and עֵז Exodus 12:5 (P); צאן ובקר Deuteronomy 16:2; large numbers of all these (שֶׂה not used) in Josiah's Passover, active to 2Chronicles 35:7,8,9, but evident mingling of whole burnt-offerings for the passover with special passover victim.] 3 festival of the passover : ׳חג הפ Exodus 34:25 (J); ׳(ה)פ Leviticus 23:5; Numbers 28:16; Numbers 33:3; Joshua 5:11 (P) Ezekiel 45:21; ׳חֻקַּת הפ Exodus 12:43; Numbers 9:12,14 (P); ׳עשׂה פ Exodus 12:48; Numbers 9:2,4,5,6,10,13,14; Joshua 5:10 (P) Deuteronomy 16:1; 2 Kings 23:21,22,23; 2Chronicles 30:1,2,5; 35:1,16,17,18 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 35:19; Ezra 6:19; it was held in month הָאָבִיב Deuteronomy 16:1, בָּעָ֑רֶב Deuteronomy 16:6; on 14th day Joshua 5:10 (P), of 1st month Ezekiel 45:21; בֵּין הערבים (Exodus 12:6) Leviticus 23:5; Numbers 9:5 (P); if impossible at that time, then on 14th of 2nd month Numbers 9:10,12. [No reference to מֶּסַח in E; J subordinates it to מַצּוֺת (the great feast of J E); in D it predominates over מצות; P makes it first in importance (BrHex.195f.)].] Topical Lexicon Meaning and Scope “Passover” (Hebrew פֶּסַח) designates the divinely commanded memorial of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt. The term applies both to the slain lamb (Exodus 12:21), the protective act of the LORD “passing over” the marked houses (Exodus 12:13), and the annual feast that celebrates that redemption (Numbers 9:2-5). Approximately forty-nine Old Testament occurrences trace the word from Exodus to Ezra, each reinforcing God’s covenant faithfulness. Institution in Egypt At midnight on the fourteenth day of the first month, the LORD struck Egypt’s firstborn but spared the households whose doorposts were marked with the lamb’s blood (Exodus 12:6-13). “When I see the blood, I will pass over you” (Exodus 12:13). The initial celebration was hurried, accompanied by unleavened bread and bitter herbs (Exodus 12:8, 11). Israel’s redemption from bondage became the paradigm event for future generations (Exodus 12:24-27). Covenant Memorial and Household Catechism Every year the Passover established a rhythm of remembrance (Exodus 13:8-10). Fathers were to explain the meaning to their sons: “It is the sacrifice of the LORD’s Passover” (Exodus 12:27). The feast therefore functions as both worship and catechesis, rooting Israel’s identity in God’s saving act. Ceremonial Observance in the Torah • Date: Fourteenth day of the first month at twilight (Leviticus 23:5). Historical Celebrations in Israel’s Narrative 1. Sinai Wilderness (Numbers 9:1-5) – obedient first observance. Theological Themes • Substitutionary sacrifice: A life given so that others may live (Exodus 12:13). Christological Fulfillment The New Testament identifies Jesus Messiah as the ultimate Passover Lamb. “For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:7). John notes, “Not one of His bones will be broken” (John 19:36), echoing Exodus 12:46. The Last Supper occurs “on the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread” (Matthew 26:17), where Jesus transforms the meal into the New Covenant in His blood (Luke 22:20). His atoning death accomplishes the greater exodus—deliverance from sin and death. Ministry Implications for the Church • Worship: The Lord’s Supper proclaims the death of Christ until He comes, rooted in Passover imagery. Typological Richness Passover foreshadows themes later fulfilled: – Lamb without blemish → sinless Savior (Hebrews 4:15). – Deliverance from Egypt → deliverance from sin (Romans 6:17-18). – Unleavened bread → sanctification (1 Peter 1:14-16). – Passing over judgment → justification by blood (Romans 3:24-25). – Pilgrimage meal → expectation of future rest (Hebrews 11:13-16). Continued Relevance Though the sacrificial aspect reached its climax at Calvary, the memorial principle endures. Regular communion, annual Resurrection celebrations, and personal remembrance all draw from Passover’s pattern: look back to deliverance accomplished, live out unleavened holiness, and look forward to the marriage supper of the Lamb (Revelation 19:9). Summary Passover stands as a cornerstone of biblical revelation—an historical deliverance, an annual feast, and a prophetic signpost pointing to Christ. From Exodus to Revelation, the theme of a protecting, redeeming God who “passes over” His people by virtue of a spotless sacrifice unites Scripture and anchors the hope of all who are covered by the Lamb’s blood. Forms and Transliterations הַפְּסָחִ֗ים הַפֶּ֔סַח הַפֶּ֖סַח הַפֶּ֗סַח הַפֶּ֙סַח֙ הַפֶּ֛סַח הַפֶּ֡סַח הַפֶּ֥סַח הַפֶּ֧סַח הַפָּ֑סַח הַפָּ֖סַח הַפָּֽסַח׃ הפסח הפסח׃ הפסחים כַּפֶּ֣סַח כפסח לַפְּסָחִ֗ים לַפְּסָחִים֒ לַפְּסָחִים֙ לפסחים פֶ֔סַח פֶ֖סַח פֶ֙סַח֙ פֶ֤סַח פֶּ֔סַח פֶּ֖סַח פֶּ֛סַח פֶּ֥סַח פֶּ֨סַח פֶסַח֮ פסח feSach hap·pā·saḥ hap·pə·sā·ḥîm hap·pe·saḥ hapPasach happāsaḥ hapPesach happesaChim happesaḥ happəsāḥîm kap·pe·saḥ kapPesach kappesaḥ lap·pə·sā·ḥîm lappesaChim lappəsāḥîm pe·saḥ p̄e·saḥ Pesach pesaḥ p̄esaḥLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 12:11 HEB: אֹתוֹ֙ בְּחִפָּז֔וֹן פֶּ֥סַח ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ NAS: it is the LORD'S Passover. KJV: it [is] the LORD'S passover. INT: shall eat haste Passover it is the LORD'S Exodus 12:21 Exodus 12:27 Exodus 12:43 Exodus 12:48 Exodus 34:25 Leviticus 23:5 Numbers 9:2 Numbers 9:4 Numbers 9:5 Numbers 9:6 Numbers 9:10 Numbers 9:12 Numbers 9:13 Numbers 9:14 Numbers 9:14 Numbers 28:16 Numbers 33:3 Deuteronomy 16:1 Deuteronomy 16:2 Deuteronomy 16:5 Deuteronomy 16:6 Joshua 5:10 Joshua 5:11 2 Kings 23:21 49 Occurrences |
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