And the word of the LORD came to me, saying,
This phrase introduces a divine revelation given to the prophet Ezekiel. The phrase "the word of the LORD" is a common biblical expression indicating that the message is not of human origin but is a direct communication from God. This underscores the authority and authenticity of the prophecy. In the context of Ezekiel, this phrase often precedes significant prophetic visions or messages, emphasizing the role of Ezekiel as a mouthpiece for God. The phrase "came to me" highlights the personal nature of the revelation, indicating that Ezekiel is the chosen recipient of this divine message. This is consistent with the role of prophets in the Old Testament, who were often called to deliver God's messages to His people. The phrase "saying" introduces the content of the message, which in this chapter, pertains to a prophecy against Gog, a figure representing opposition to God's people. This sets the stage for the subsequent verses, which describe a future conflict and God's ultimate victory. The prophetic nature of this message connects to other eschatological passages in the Bible, such as those found in Daniel and Revelation, which also speak of end-time battles and divine intervention. Son of man
This phrase is a title used frequently in the book of Ezekiel, emphasizing the prophet's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. It underscores the distinction between God and man, highlighting Ezekiel's position as a mediator of divine messages.

set your face against Gog
"Set your face against" is a phrase indicating opposition and judgment. Gog is often interpreted as a leader or a symbolic representation of forces opposed to God. The identity of Gog has been debated, with some seeing it as a historical figure, while others view it as a future eschatological enemy.

of the land of Magog
Magog is mentioned in Genesis 10:2 as a descendant of Japheth, one of Noah's sons. It is often associated with regions north of Israel, possibly referring to territories in Asia Minor or beyond. The term "Magog" has been linked to various ancient peoples, though its exact identification remains uncertain.

the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal
Meshech and Tubal are also listed among the descendants of Japheth in Genesis 10:2. These names are often associated with regions in modern-day Turkey. Historically, they were known as tribes or nations in Anatolia, and their mention here suggests a coalition of northern powers.

Prophesy against him
This command to prophesy indicates that Ezekiel is to deliver a message of divine judgment. The prophecy against Gog and his allies is part of a larger narrative concerning the ultimate triumph of God over His enemies. It reflects themes of divine sovereignty and the eventual establishment of God's kingdom, resonating with other prophetic texts such as Revelation 20:8, where Gog and Magog appear again in an eschatological context.

and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says:
This phrase emphasizes the authority and divine origin of the message. In the prophetic tradition, the phrase "this is what the Lord GOD says" is a common introduction, underscoring that the message is not from the prophet himself but from God. This establishes the seriousness and authenticity of the prophecy. It reflects the role of prophets as God's mouthpieces, similar to other instances in the Old Testament where prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah convey God's words.

Behold, I am against you,
The word "Behold" is used to draw attention to the significance of the statement. "I am against you" is a declaration of divine opposition. This phrase indicates God's direct confrontation with the subject, which in this context is Gog. It is a strong expression of judgment and is used elsewhere in Scripture to denote God's stance against nations or individuals who oppose His will, such as in Jeremiah 21:13 and Nahum 2:13.

O Gog,
Gog is a figure mentioned in Ezekiel 38-39, often interpreted as a leader or a symbolic representation of a coalition of nations opposing Israel. The identity of Gog has been debated, with some seeing it as a historical figure, while others view it as a future eschatological enemy. The name Gog may have connections to ancient Near Eastern texts, but its exact historical identity remains uncertain. In a broader biblical context, Gog is associated with end-times prophecies, as seen in Revelation 20:8.

chief prince of Meshech and Tubal.
Meshech and Tubal are often identified with regions in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). These names appear in other ancient texts and are associated with peoples known for trade and warfare. In Ezekiel's time, they were likely known as distant, powerful nations. The term "chief prince" suggests a position of leadership or prominence among these groups. This phrase highlights the geopolitical landscape of the ancient Near East and the alliances that posed threats to Israel. The mention of Meshech and Tubal connects to other biblical references, such as in Genesis 10:2, where they are listed as descendants of Japheth, indicating their role in the broader narrative of nations.

I will turn you around
This phrase indicates divine intervention and control over the actions of Gog, the leader of the coalition against Israel. It suggests that God is sovereign over nations and their leaders, directing their paths even when they intend evil. This concept is echoed in Proverbs 21:1, where the king's heart is described as being in the hand of the Lord, who directs it wherever He pleases.

put hooks in your jaws
The imagery of hooks in the jaws is reminiscent of how captives or animals are led against their will. This phrase suggests that Gog and his forces are being compelled by God to fulfill His purposes, even if they are unaware of it. This can be compared to how God used Assyria as the rod of His anger in Isaiah 10:5-7, where the nation was used to accomplish God's judgment despite its own intentions.

and bring you out with all your army
This indicates a large-scale mobilization of military forces. The phrase underscores the comprehensive nature of the threat against Israel, involving a full military campaign. Historically, armies were often seen as instruments of divine will, and here, God is orchestrating the movement of these forces for His ultimate plan.

your horses, your horsemen in full armor
Horses and horsemen were symbols of military strength and speed in ancient warfare. The mention of full armor suggests preparedness and the seriousness of the impending conflict. In biblical times, cavalry units were crucial for battle, and their presence here emphasizes the formidable nature of the invading force.

and a great company armed with shields and bucklers
The reference to shields and bucklers highlights the defensive capabilities of the army. Shields were essential for protection in battle, and their mention here suggests a well-equipped and organized military force. This imagery is consistent with descriptions of ancient Near Eastern armies, which relied heavily on such equipment for defense.

all brandishing their swords
The sword is a symbol of warfare and judgment throughout the Bible. The act of brandishing swords indicates readiness for battle and aggression. This phrase connects to the broader theme of divine judgment, as seen in passages like Revelation 19:15, where Christ is depicted with a sword coming from His mouth to strike down the nations.

Persia
In the context of Ezekiel 38, Persia refers to the ancient empire located in what is now modern-day Iran. Historically, Persia was a significant power in the ancient Near East, known for its vast empire and influence. In biblical prophecy, Persia is often associated with the Medes and is mentioned in relation to the fall of Babylon (Isaiah 13:17, Daniel 5:28). The inclusion of Persia in this prophecy suggests a coalition of nations coming together for a significant event, often interpreted as a future battle or conflict.

Cush
Cush is traditionally identified with the region south of Egypt, often associated with modern-day Sudan and parts of Ethiopia. In biblical times, Cush was known for its warriors and was a significant power in the region (Isaiah 18:1-2). The mention of Cush in this passage indicates the involvement of African nations in the prophesied coalition. This reflects the widespread nature of the alliance, encompassing regions beyond the immediate vicinity of Israel.

and Put
Put is generally identified with the region west of Egypt, possibly corresponding to modern-day Libya. In ancient times, Put was known for its skilled archers and was often allied with Egypt (Jeremiah 46:9). The inclusion of Put in this prophecy highlights the diverse origins of the coalition, suggesting a gathering of nations from different parts of the known world.

will accompany them
This phrase indicates that these nations will join forces with the primary aggressor mentioned earlier in the chapter, often identified as Gog of Magog. The coalition's purpose is to come against Israel, as described in the broader context of Ezekiel 38-39. This gathering of nations is seen as part of a larger eschatological event, often interpreted as a precursor to the final battle before the establishment of God's kingdom.

all with shields and helmets
The mention of shields and helmets signifies preparation for battle, indicating that these nations are equipped and ready for warfare. In ancient times, shields and helmets were essential components of a soldier's armor, providing protection in combat. This imagery underscores the seriousness and scale of the impending conflict. The detailed description of military equipment also serves to emphasize the formidable nature of the coalition, suggesting a well-prepared and organized force.

as well as Gomer with all its troops
Gomer is often identified with the Cimmerians, an ancient people who lived north of the Black Sea. In biblical genealogies, Gomer is a son of Japheth, one of Noah's sons (Genesis 10:2-3). The mention of "all its troops" suggests a significant military force, indicating a coalition of nations. This aligns with the broader context of Ezekiel 38, which describes a future invasion led by Gog. The inclusion of Gomer highlights the widespread nature of this alliance against Israel.

and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops
Beth-togarmah is traditionally associated with the region of Armenia or eastern Turkey. Togarmah is also a descendant of Japheth (Genesis 10:3), and its mention here suggests a connection to the peoples of the Caucasus region. The phrase "from the far north" emphasizes the geographical direction from which these forces will come, often interpreted as a reference to regions beyond Israel's immediate neighbors. The repeated mention of "all its troops" underscores the formidable nature of this coalition.

the many nations with you
This phrase indicates that the invasion led by Gog will involve a vast alliance of nations. The term "many nations" suggests a diverse and extensive coalition, possibly symbolizing a global opposition to God's people. This aligns with other prophetic scriptures that describe end-times scenarios involving multiple nations (e.g., Zechariah 14:2, Revelation 20:8). The gathering of these nations can be seen as a fulfillment of prophecies concerning the final battles before the establishment of God's kingdom.

Get ready;
This phrase is a call to action, indicating urgency and preparation for an impending event. In the context of Ezekiel 38, it is directed towards Gog, a leader of a coalition of nations. The command to "get ready" suggests a divine orchestration of events, where God is sovereignly guiding the actions of nations. This echoes other biblical instances where God prepares individuals or nations for His purposes, such as in Exodus 19:10-11, where the Israelites are told to prepare to meet God at Mount Sinai.

prepare yourself,
The emphasis on personal preparation highlights the responsibility of the leader, Gog, to ready himself for the role he will play in the unfolding events. This preparation is not just physical but also strategic, as Gog is to lead a coalition against Israel. The idea of preparation is a recurring biblical theme, seen in passages like Ephesians 6:11, where believers are instructed to put on the full armor of God, indicating spiritual readiness.

you and all your company gathered around you;
This phrase refers to the coalition of nations that Gog will lead. The "company" includes various peoples and nations, as detailed earlier in Ezekiel 38:5-6, such as Persia, Cush, and Put. This gathering of a multinational force against Israel is significant in biblical prophecy, symbolizing a united opposition to God's people. The gathering of nations is reminiscent of other prophetic scriptures, such as Joel 3:2, where God gathers nations for judgment in the Valley of Jehoshaphat.

you will be their guard.
Gog is appointed as the protector or leader of this coalition, indicating a position of authority and responsibility. The term "guard" suggests a military role, where Gog is to oversee and direct the forces. This mirrors the role of a shepherd or leader, a concept seen throughout scripture, such as in Psalm 23, where God is depicted as a shepherd. In a prophetic sense, Gog's role as a guard is part of God's larger plan, where even opposition to His people ultimately serves His divine purposes, as seen in Romans 8:28.

After a long time you will be summoned.
This phrase indicates a significant passage of time before the events described will occur. It suggests a divine orchestration, where God calls upon certain nations or leaders to fulfill His purposes. The summoning implies a predetermined plan, aligning with the biblical theme of God's sovereignty over history. This can be connected to other prophetic scriptures where God summons nations for His purposes, such as in Isaiah 13:4-5.

In the latter years you will enter a land that has recovered from war,
The "latter years" often refers to the end times or a future period in biblical prophecy. The land recovering from war suggests a period of peace and restoration, possibly after significant conflict. This aligns with the prophetic vision of Israel's restoration found in passages like Isaiah 11:11-12 and Amos 9:14-15, where God promises to bring His people back to their land and restore it.

whose people were gathered from many nations to the mountains of Israel,
This phrase highlights the regathering of the Jewish people from the diaspora, a theme prevalent in prophetic literature. The mountains of Israel are significant as they represent the heartland of the ancient kingdom. This regathering is seen as a fulfillment of prophecies such as Ezekiel 36:24 and Isaiah 43:5-6, where God promises to bring His people back from all corners of the earth.

which had long been desolate.
The desolation of the land refers to the period of exile and abandonment, a consequence of Israel's disobedience. This desolation is mentioned in Leviticus 26:33-35 as a result of the covenant curses. The transformation from desolation to restoration is a powerful testament to God's faithfulness and redemptive plan.

They had been brought out from the nations,
This emphasizes the divine act of gathering the exiles, a recurring theme in the prophetic books. It underscores God's covenant faithfulness and His promise to restore Israel. This act of gathering is seen as a miraculous event, fulfilling prophecies like Jeremiah 31:10 and Ezekiel 11:17.

and all now dwell securely.
The security mentioned here is indicative of a divinely ordained peace, contrasting with Israel's historical experiences of conflict and invasion. This security is often associated with the Messianic age, where peace and safety are promised under the reign of the Messiah, as seen in Micah 4:4 and Zechariah 14:11. This phrase can also be seen as a type of the ultimate peace found in Christ, who offers spiritual security to His followers.

You and all your troops
This phrase refers to a coalition of forces led by Gog, a figure mentioned in Ezekiel 38-39. The identity of Gog has been debated, with some interpretations suggesting a historical figure, while others see Gog as a symbolic representation of future enemies of Israel. The "troops" indicate a large military force, suggesting a significant threat. This aligns with biblical themes of nations rising against God's people, as seen in Psalm 2:1-2 and Revelation 20:8.

and many peoples with you
The inclusion of "many peoples" suggests a broad alliance of nations. This reflects the biblical motif of Gentile nations coming together, often in opposition to Israel, as seen in prophecies like those in Joel 3:2 and Zechariah 14:2. Historically, this could be seen as a reference to the various empires that threatened Israel, such as Assyria or Babylon, but it also points to a future eschatological event.

will go up
The phrase "will go up" is often used in the Bible to describe movement towards Jerusalem, which is situated on a hill. This indicates a military campaign against the land of Israel. The upward movement can also symbolize an act of aggression or invasion, as seen in other biblical contexts like Isaiah 7:1.

advancing like a thunderstorm
This simile emphasizes the suddenness and overwhelming nature of the invasion. Thunderstorms in the Bible often symbolize God's power and judgment, as seen in Psalm 18:13-14. The imagery suggests a formidable and fearsome force, echoing the descriptions of divine judgment in passages like Nahum 1:3-6.

you will be like a cloud covering the land
The metaphor of a cloud suggests a vast, encompassing presence, indicating the sheer size and scope of the invading force. Clouds in biblical literature can symbolize both divine presence and impending judgment, as seen in Exodus 19:9 and Zephaniah 1:15. This imagery underscores the threat posed by Gog and his allies, while also hinting at God's ultimate control over the events, as clouds are often associated with His sovereignty.

This is what the Lord GOD says:
This phrase emphasizes the authority and divine origin of the message. It is a common prophetic introduction, underscoring that the words are not from the prophet himself but from God. This formula is used throughout the Old Testament to affirm the authenticity and seriousness of the prophecy. It connects to other prophetic books where similar declarations are made, such as in Isaiah and Jeremiah, reinforcing the consistency of God's communication with His people.

On that day:
This phrase often refers to a specific time in the future, frequently associated with eschatological events or the "Day of the Lord." It indicates a divinely appointed time when significant events will unfold. In the context of Ezekiel, it points to a future period of judgment and fulfillment of prophecy. This phrase is used in other prophetic books like Joel and Zechariah, where it signifies a time of both judgment and restoration.

Thoughts will arise in your mind:
This suggests an internal process where ideas or intentions form. In biblical context, the mind is often seen as the seat of thought and intention. The phrase implies a premeditated action, highlighting the moral responsibility of the individual or nation involved. It reflects the biblical theme of God knowing the thoughts and intentions of the heart, as seen in passages like Psalm 139:2 and Hebrews 4:12.

And you will devise an evil plan:
This indicates a deliberate and conscious decision to engage in wrongdoing. The term "evil plan" suggests actions that are contrary to God's will and harmful to others. In the context of Ezekiel, it refers to the intentions of Gog, a leader of a coalition of nations, to attack Israel. This reflects the broader biblical theme of human rebellion against God, seen in narratives like the Tower of Babel and the plots against Jesus Christ. The phrase also connects to the prophetic literature where nations often devise plans against God's people, only to be thwarted by divine intervention, as seen in Isaiah 8:10 and Psalm 33:10.

You will say,
This phrase introduces the intentions of Gog, a leader from the land of Magog, as described in the prophecy. The statement is a direct address to Gog, indicating a future declaration or thought. This reflects the sovereignty of God in knowing the plans of nations and leaders before they occur, as seen in other prophetic books like Isaiah and Jeremiah.

‘I will go up against a land of unwalled villages;
The "land of unwalled villages" suggests a place of peace and security, lacking fortifications. In ancient times, cities were often surrounded by walls for protection against invaders. The absence of walls indicates a sense of safety and vulnerability. This could symbolize Israel during a time of peace, possibly in the Messianic age or a future period of tranquility. The imagery contrasts with the fortified cities often mentioned in the Old Testament, such as Jericho.

I will come against a quiet people who dwell securely,
The "quiet people" refers to inhabitants living in peace and without fear of attack. This phrase emphasizes their unsuspecting nature and the tranquility of their lives. Biblically, peace and security are often associated with divine blessing and favor, as seen in the promises to Israel in Leviticus and Deuteronomy. The security mentioned here could be a result of God's protection or a temporary period of peace before the prophesied invasion.

all of them living without walls or bars or gates—
This reiterates the vulnerability and openness of the land and its people. The lack of "walls or bars or gates" underscores the absence of defensive measures, making them an easy target for invasion. Historically, such descriptions would be unusual for ancient cities, which relied heavily on physical defenses. This could symbolize a future time when traditional defenses are unnecessary due to divine protection or a false sense of security. The imagery may also connect to prophetic visions of peace in the end times, as seen in Isaiah's vision of the wolf dwelling with the lamb.

in order to seize the spoil and carry off the plunder
This phrase indicates the motivation behind the invasion described in Ezekiel 38. The desire for material gain is a common theme in biblical warfare narratives. Historically, nations often engaged in battles to acquire wealth and resources. This reflects the broader biblical theme of human greed and the consequences of coveting what belongs to others, as seen in stories like Achan's sin in Joshua 7. The prophetic context suggests a future event where nations are drawn to Israel for its prosperity, echoing the eschatological battles described in Revelation 20:8-9.

to turn a hand against the desolate places now inhabited
This phrase highlights the transformation of the land of Israel from desolation to habitation. Historically, the land of Israel experienced periods of desolation, particularly during the Babylonian exile. The return and rebuilding under leaders like Zerubbabel and Nehemiah marked a significant change. This transformation is also prophetic, pointing to the future restoration of Israel, as seen in passages like Isaiah 35:1, where the desert is said to blossom. It underscores God's faithfulness in restoring His people and land.

and against a people gathered from the nations
This phrase refers to the regathering of the Jewish people from the diaspora, a theme prevalent in prophetic literature. The return from Babylonian exile is a historical precursor, but the prophecy extends to a future ingathering, as seen in Isaiah 11:12 and Jeremiah 31:8. This regathering is significant in eschatological contexts, symbolizing God's covenant faithfulness and the fulfillment of promises made to Abraham about his descendants.

who have acquired livestock and possessions
This phrase indicates the prosperity of the people in the land. In biblical times, livestock and possessions were primary indicators of wealth and stability. The mention of these suggests a period of peace and blessing, reminiscent of the blessings promised in Deuteronomy 28 for obedience. It also contrasts with the desolation previously mentioned, highlighting the dramatic change in Israel's fortunes.

and who live at the center of the land.
This phrase emphasizes Israel's geographical and theological centrality. Geographically, Israel is situated at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe, making it a strategic location. Theologically, it is central to God's redemptive plan, as seen in passages like Deuteronomy 32:8-9, where God apportions the nations with Israel as His inheritance. This centrality is also reflected in the messianic hope, with Jerusalem as the focal point of Christ's future reign, as prophesied in Zechariah 14:16-17.

Sheba and Dedan
Sheba and Dedan were ancient regions located in the Arabian Peninsula. Sheba is often associated with the kingdom of the Queen of Sheba, who visited Solomon (1 Kings 10:1-13). Dedan is mentioned in several biblical passages (Isaiah 21:13, Jeremiah 25:23) and was known for its trade routes. These regions were known for their wealth and trade, suggesting a connection to commerce and material prosperity.

and the merchants of Tarshish with all its villages
Tarshish is often identified with a distant maritime location, possibly in the western Mediterranean, such as Spain. It was known for its ships and trade (Jonah 1:3, Isaiah 23:1). The mention of "all its villages" implies a network of trading communities. This phrase highlights the commercial interests and the economic implications of the events described.

will ask, ‘Have you come to capture the plunder?
The question posed by Sheba, Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish suggests a concern for economic stability and the protection of wealth. The term "plunder" indicates a focus on material gain and the threat of invasion or conflict disrupting trade and prosperity.

Have you assembled your hordes to carry away loot,
The assembling of "hordes" implies a large, organized military force. This phrase suggests a premeditated plan to seize wealth, reflecting the aggressive nature of the invaders. The term "loot" reinforces the idea of taking valuable goods by force.

to make off with silver and gold,
Silver and gold are often symbols of wealth and prosperity in the Bible. Their mention here underscores the material motivations behind the invasion. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the transient nature of earthly riches (Proverbs 23:5, Matthew 6:19-21).

to take cattle and goods,
Cattle and goods represent not only wealth but also sustenance and economic resources. The taking of these items would have significant implications for the livelihoods of those affected, indicating a comprehensive plundering of resources.

to seize great spoil?’
The phrase "great spoil" emphasizes the extent and value of the resources targeted by the invaders. This reflects the magnitude of the threat and the potential impact on the affected regions. The concept of "spoil" is often associated with the aftermath of battle, highlighting the destructive consequences of conflict.

Therefore prophesy, son of man,
The term "son of man" is a title used frequently for Ezekiel, emphasizing his humanity and role as a prophet. It connects Ezekiel to his prophetic mission, similar to how Jesus is referred to as the "Son of Man" in the New Testament, highlighting His role in fulfilling prophecy and His connection to humanity.

and tell Gog that this is what the Lord GOD says:
Gog is often identified as a leader or a symbolic representation of forces opposed to God and His people. The phrase underscores the authority of the message, as it comes directly from the Lord GOD, indicating divine judgment and sovereignty. This echoes other prophetic declarations where God speaks against nations or leaders, such as in Isaiah and Jeremiah.

On that day when My people Israel are dwelling securely,
This phrase suggests a future time of peace and security for Israel, which is a recurring theme in prophetic literature. It may refer to a period of temporary peace or a messianic age. The notion of Israel dwelling securely is also found in passages like Jeremiah 23:6 and Zechariah 14:11, which speak of a time when God will restore and protect His people.

will you not take notice of this?
This rhetorical question implies that Gog will be aware of Israel's security and will be prompted to act. It suggests a divine orchestration of events, where God uses the actions of nations to fulfill His purposes. This aligns with the biblical theme of God using even the plans of adversaries to accomplish His will, as seen in the stories of Joseph and the crucifixion of Jesus.

And you will come from your place out of the far north—
This phrase indicates the origin of the invading force, traditionally understood as a region far to the north of Israel. In biblical geography, "the far north" often refers to areas beyond the immediate neighbors of Israel, possibly pointing to regions like modern-day Russia or other northern territories. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of threats coming from the north, as seen in Jeremiah 1:14-15. The "far north" is significant in prophetic literature, often symbolizing a place of threat or judgment.

you and many peoples with you,
This suggests a coalition of nations or groups joining the leader from the north. The involvement of "many peoples" indicates a large-scale alliance, reminiscent of other biblical coalitions against Israel, such as those in Psalm 83. This coalition reflects the widespread opposition to God's people, a recurring theme in prophetic texts. It also underscores the idea of a united front against Israel, which is a common motif in eschatological prophecies.

all riding horses—
The mention of horses signifies military strength and mobility. In ancient times, horses were a symbol of power and were often used in warfare, as seen in Exodus 14:9 with Pharaoh's chariots. This imagery conveys the formidable nature of the invading force. While modern readers might see this as anachronistic, it is important to understand it within the context of ancient warfare, where cavalry units were crucial.

a mighty horde,
The term "mighty horde" emphasizes the overwhelming size and power of the invading army. This description is meant to evoke fear and awe, highlighting the seemingly insurmountable challenge faced by Israel. Similar language is used in Joel 2:2 to describe a great and powerful people. The use of such terms underscores the severity of the threat and sets the stage for divine intervention.

a huge army.
The repetition of the army's size and strength serves to reinforce the threat's magnitude. This phrase echoes the biblical theme of God allowing formidable enemies to rise against His people as a test or judgment, as seen in Judges 2:14. However, it also sets the stage for God's ultimate deliverance, as He often uses such situations to demonstrate His power and faithfulness, as seen in the deliverance narratives throughout the Old Testament.

You will advance against My people Israel
This phrase indicates a future invasion against Israel, highlighting the centrality of Israel in biblical prophecy. Historically, Israel has faced numerous invasions, but this prophecy points to a significant eschatological event. The term "My people" underscores God's covenant relationship with Israel, as seen throughout the Old Testament, such as in Genesis 12:2-3 and Exodus 19:5-6.

like a cloud covering the land.
The imagery of a cloud suggests a vast, overwhelming force, emphasizing the scale and intensity of the invasion. This metaphor is used elsewhere in scripture to describe large armies or divine presence, such as in Joel 2:2. It conveys the idea of an impending threat that is both unavoidable and all-encompassing.

It will happen in the latter days,
"Latter days" is a term often associated with end-times prophecy, indicating events that will occur in the eschatological future. This phrase connects to other prophetic scriptures, such as Daniel 10:14 and Hosea 3:5, which also speak of events in the "latter days," pointing to a culmination of God's redemptive plan.

O Gog,
Gog is a leader or symbolic figure representing a coalition of nations opposed to Israel. The identity of Gog has been debated, with some interpretations linking it to historical figures or regions, while others see it as a future antagonist. The name Gog appears in Revelation 20:8, suggesting a typological connection to end-times opposition against God's people.

that I will bring you against My land,
This phrase indicates divine sovereignty, as God Himself orchestrates the events for His purposes. The land is referred to as "My land," emphasizing God's ownership and covenant promise to Israel. This aligns with passages like Leviticus 25:23, where God declares the land belongs to Him.

so that the nations may know Me
The purpose of this event is revelatory, aiming to demonstrate God's power and holiness to the nations. This theme of God revealing Himself to the nations is consistent with the broader biblical narrative, as seen in Exodus 9:16 and Isaiah 45:6, where God's actions serve to make His name known globally.

when I show Myself holy in you before their eyes.
God's holiness is a central theme, and this event serves to vindicate His holiness before the world. The phrase suggests a public demonstration of God's character and justice, similar to how God's holiness was revealed in the deliverance of Israel from Egypt (Exodus 14:4). This also foreshadows the ultimate revelation of God's holiness through Jesus Christ, as seen in passages like John 17:1-5.

This is what the Lord GOD says:
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. It is a common prophetic formula used throughout the Old Testament to signify that the following message is not from the prophet himself but from God. This underscores the importance and seriousness of the message.

Are you the one of whom I have spoken in former days
This suggests a continuity in God's revelation, indicating that the events described have been part of God's plan for a long time. It implies that the current situation is a fulfillment of earlier prophecies, highlighting God's omniscience and the reliability of His word. This can be connected to the broader biblical theme of prophecy and fulfillment.

through My servants, the prophets of Israel,
The prophets of Israel were God's chosen messengers, tasked with delivering His messages to the people. This phrase underscores the role of the prophets as intermediaries between God and His people. It also points to the collective witness of the prophets, suggesting that the message about this adversary was not isolated but part of a larger prophetic tradition.

who in those times prophesied for years
This indicates that the prophecies concerning this adversary were not sudden or recent but had been given over an extended period. It suggests a persistent and consistent warning from God through His prophets, emphasizing the patience and long-term planning of God. This can be seen as a call to heed prophetic warnings and recognize their significance.

that I would bring you against them?
This phrase highlights God's active role in orchestrating events, even those involving adversaries. It suggests that the coming of this adversary is not outside of God's control but is part of His divine plan. This can be connected to the theme of God's sovereignty over nations and history, as seen in other scriptures where God uses nations to accomplish His purposes, such as in Isaiah 10:5-6 with Assyria.

Now on that day
This phrase indicates a specific time in the prophetic future. It is often used in biblical prophecy to denote a significant event predetermined by God. The "day" refers to a time of divine intervention and judgment, a common theme in prophetic literature.

when Gog comes against the land of Israel
Gog is a figure representing a coalition of nations hostile to Israel. The identity of Gog has been debated, with some associating it with historical figures or nations, while others see it as symbolic of end-time enemies. The "land of Israel" is central to biblical prophecy, often seen as the focal point of God's redemptive plan. This invasion is part of a larger eschatological narrative involving the final battles before the establishment of God's kingdom.

declares the Lord GOD
This phrase emphasizes the authority and certainty of the prophecy. It is a divine pronouncement, underscoring that the events described are part of God's sovereign plan. The use of "Lord GOD" (Yahweh Elohim) highlights both the covenantal and powerful aspects of God's character.

My wrath will flare up
God's wrath is a response to sin and rebellion, often depicted as a consuming fire. In the context of Ezekiel, it reflects God's judgment against the nations that oppose His people. This wrath is not arbitrary but is a righteous response to the defiance against God's will. It also serves as a reminder of God's holiness and justice, themes prevalent throughout the prophetic books.

In My zeal and fiery rage
This phrase highlights God's passionate and intense response to the actions of Gog and his allies. The use of "zeal" and "fiery rage" indicates a divine reaction that is both protective and punitive. This reflects God's holiness and justice, as seen in other scriptures like Nahum 1:2-3, where God is described as a jealous and avenging deity. The imagery of fire often symbolizes judgment and purification throughout the Bible, as in Malachi 3:2-3.

I proclaim that on that day
The phrase "on that day" is a prophetic marker often used in eschatological contexts, indicating a specific time of divine intervention. This aligns with the "Day of the Lord" theme found in prophetic literature, such as Joel 2:1-2 and Zephaniah 1:14-18, where God executes judgment and delivers His people. It underscores the certainty and inevitability of God's actions.

there will be a great earthquake
Earthquakes in biblical texts often signify God's direct intervention in human affairs, serving as a physical manifestation of His power and presence. In Revelation 16:18, a great earthquake accompanies the final judgment, drawing a parallel to the events described in Ezekiel. Historically, the region of Israel is seismically active, which adds a layer of realism to the prophecy.

in the land of Israel
The land of Israel is central to biblical prophecy and God's covenantal promises. It is the stage for many significant biblical events and is often depicted as the focal point of God's redemptive plan. The mention of Israel here emphasizes the nation's role in eschatological events and God's ongoing relationship with His chosen people, as seen in Genesis 12:1-3 and Romans 11:26-27.

The fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, every creature that crawls upon the ground, and all mankind on the face of the earth will tremble at My presence.
This phrase emphasizes the universal scope of God's power and judgment. The inclusion of all creatures—fish, birds, beasts, and humans—indicates that no part of creation is exempt from God's authority. This echoes the creation narrative in Genesis, where God is sovereign over all life. The trembling at God's presence signifies awe and fear, reminiscent of other biblical instances where God's presence causes a profound reaction, such as at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:16-18). The comprehensive nature of this trembling suggests a cataclysmic event, possibly eschatological, aligning with prophetic literature that speaks of a future day of the Lord (Joel 2:1-11).

The mountains will be thrown down, the cliffs will collapse, and every wall will fall to the ground.
This imagery of geological upheaval symbolizes the dismantling of human pride and security. Mountains and cliffs often represent stability and permanence, while walls signify human efforts to protect and fortify. The destruction of these elements indicates that nothing can withstand God's judgment. This is consistent with other prophetic texts, such as Isaiah 2:12-17, where human arrogance is humbled before the Lord. The language also recalls the fall of Jericho (Joshua 6:20), where walls fell by divine intervention, underscoring the theme of God's power to overthrow human defenses. This passage may also foreshadow the ultimate renewal of creation, as described in Revelation 21:1, where the old order is replaced by a new heaven and earth.

And I will summon a sword against Gog
This phrase indicates divine intervention where God Himself calls forth a sword, symbolizing war or judgment. Gog is often identified with a leader or nation opposing Israel, possibly representing a coalition of nations. This reflects God's sovereignty over nations and His ability to orchestrate events for His purposes. The summoning of a sword is reminiscent of God's judgment in other scriptures, such as in Isaiah 34:5-6, where God wields a sword against Edom.

on all My mountains
The mountains of Israel are significant both geographically and theologically. They are often seen as places of divine revelation and encounter, such as Mount Sinai and Mount Zion. The phrase "My mountains" emphasizes God's ownership and authority over the land of Israel. This setting underscores the idea that the battle is not just physical but spiritual, taking place on God's chosen land. The mountains also serve as a strategic location, often used in warfare for defense and advantage.

declares the Lord GOD
This declaration asserts the authority and certainty of the prophecy. The use of "Lord GOD" (YHWH Elohim) highlights both the covenantal and sovereign aspects of God's character. It assures the reader that the events are not random but are part of God's divine plan. This phrase is a common prophetic formula, reinforcing the authenticity and seriousness of the message.

and every man’s sword will be against his brother
This phrase suggests internal conflict and chaos among Gog's forces, reminiscent of other biblical instances where God causes confusion among enemy ranks, such as in Judges 7:22 with Gideon's army. It highlights the futility of opposing God's will, as even allies turn against each other. This internal strife can be seen as a form of divine judgment, where God uses the enemies' own strength against them, fulfilling prophecies of self-destruction among the wicked.

I will execute judgment upon him with plague and bloodshed.
This phrase indicates divine retribution against Gog, a leader of a coalition of nations opposing Israel. The use of "plague and bloodshed" echoes the plagues of Egypt (Exodus 7-12), signifying God's power to protect His people and execute justice. Historically, plagues were seen as direct interventions by God, often used to demonstrate His sovereignty. Bloodshed implies a violent end, reminiscent of God's judgment on nations throughout the Old Testament, such as the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19).

I will pour out torrents of rain, hailstones, fire, and sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him.
This imagery of natural disasters as instruments of divine judgment is consistent with biblical accounts of God's wrath. The "torrents of rain" and "hailstones" recall the seventh plague on Egypt (Exodus 9:23-26) and the defeat of the Amorites (Joshua 10:11). "Fire and sulfur" are reminiscent of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24), symbolizing total annihilation. These elements highlight God's control over nature and His ability to use it to fulfill His purposes. The mention of "many nations" suggests a widespread coalition against Israel, emphasizing the global scope of this prophetic conflict. This passage foreshadows the ultimate victory of God over evil, aligning with eschatological themes found in Revelation 20:7-10, where God defeats the forces of evil in a final battle.

I will magnify and sanctify Myself
This phrase indicates God's intention to demonstrate His greatness and holiness. In the context of Ezekiel 38, God is speaking about His intervention against Gog, a leader of a coalition of nations. The magnification and sanctification of God are themes throughout the Bible, emphasizing His supreme power and purity. In Exodus 15:11, God is described as "majestic in holiness," and in Isaiah 6:3, the seraphim declare His holiness. This act of magnification and sanctification is a divine response to the rebellion and pride of nations, showcasing God's sovereignty and setting Him apart from all other gods.

and I will reveal Myself in the sight of many nations
God's revelation to the nations is a recurring theme in the prophetic books. Here, it signifies a public demonstration of His power and authority, not just to Israel but to the entire world. This revelation is often associated with acts of judgment and deliverance, as seen in the plagues of Egypt (Exodus 7-12) and the fall of Jericho (Joshua 6). The phrase suggests a global recognition of God's power, aligning with prophecies in Isaiah 45:22-23, where every knee will bow to Him. This revelation is both a warning and an invitation for the nations to acknowledge the true God.

Then they will know that I am the LORD
This concluding phrase underscores the purpose of God's actions: to affirm His identity as the LORD, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. The recognition of God as LORD is a central theme in Ezekiel, appearing numerous times throughout the book. It reflects the ultimate goal of God's dealings with humanity—to bring people to a knowledge of Him. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but relational, involving acknowledgment, reverence, and submission. The phrase echoes the covenant language found in Exodus 6:7, where God promises to take Israel as His people and be their God. It also points forward to the eschatological hope in Revelation 11:15, where the kingdoms of the world become the kingdom of our Lord.