Now Jericho was tightly shut up
Jericho, one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, was strategically located in the Jordan Valley. Its fortifications were formidable, with walls that were both high and thick, designed to withstand sieges. The phrase "tightly shut up" indicates a state of lockdown, reflecting the fear and anticipation of the Israelites' approach. This defensive posture underscores the city's awareness of Israel's recent victories and the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, which had spread fear among the Canaanites.

because of the Israelites.
The Israelites, under Joshua's leadership, had recently crossed the Jordan River in a miraculous event reminiscent of the Red Sea crossing. This act demonstrated God's continued presence and power with Israel, instilling fear in the hearts of the Canaanite inhabitants. The reputation of the Israelites as a divinely supported people preceded them, causing cities like Jericho to take extreme defensive measures. This fear was not only due to their military prowess but also because of the divine interventions that accompanied them.

No one went out and no one came in.
This phrase highlights the complete lockdown of Jericho, a common ancient military strategy to prevent espionage and maintain internal security during a siege. The city's gates were closed, and movement was restricted to prevent any potential spies from entering or inhabitants from defecting. This situation sets the stage for the miraculous conquest that follows, where conventional military tactics are overturned by divine intervention. The impenetrable state of Jericho emphasizes the miraculous nature of its eventual fall, showcasing God's power and the fulfillment of His promises to Israel.

And the LORD said to Joshua
This phrase indicates direct communication from God to Joshua, emphasizing Joshua's role as a divinely appointed leader. It reflects the continuity of God's guidance from Moses to Joshua, as seen in Joshua 1:1-9. The LORD's direct speech underscores the importance of obedience and faith in God's promises.

Behold, I have delivered Jericho into your hand
The use of "behold" serves to draw attention to the certainty of God's promise. The phrase "I have delivered" is in the perfect tense, indicating that the victory is assured even before the battle begins. This reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises, as seen in the covenant with Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21). Jericho, a fortified city, represents the first major conquest in the Promised Land, symbolizing the beginning of Israel's inheritance.

along with its king
The mention of the king signifies the complete overthrow of Jericho's political power. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the king was often seen as a representative of the city's gods and military strength. The defeat of Jericho's king demonstrates God's supremacy over pagan deities and earthly rulers, aligning with passages like Psalm 2:2-4, which speak of God's authority over kings.

and its mighty men of valor
This phrase highlights the strength and military prowess of Jericho's warriors, emphasizing the miraculous nature of Israel's victory. The term "mighty men of valor" is used throughout the Old Testament to describe elite warriors (e.g., David's mighty men in 2 Samuel 23:8-39). The defeat of such formidable opponents without conventional warfare methods points to divine intervention and prefigures the ultimate victory of Christ over spiritual forces, as seen in Colossians 2:15.

March around the city
The command to march around the city of Jericho is a strategic and symbolic act of faith. Jericho was a fortified city, and marching around it demonstrated Israel's obedience to God's unconventional military strategy. This act of marching can be seen as a form of spiritual warfare, emphasizing reliance on God's power rather than human strength. The march also served as a psychological tactic, instilling fear in the inhabitants of Jericho.

with all the men of war
The inclusion of all the men of war highlights the total commitment and unity required for the task. It underscores the importance of collective obedience and faith among the Israelites. The men of war were likely seasoned soldiers, yet they were called to follow a plan that defied conventional military wisdom, emphasizing trust in God's plan over human expertise.

circling the city one time
Circling the city once each day for six days was a test of patience and perseverance. This repetitive action required discipline and faith, as the Israelites had to trust in God's timing for victory. The act of circling can be seen as a form of claiming the land through faith, similar to how believers are called to walk by faith and not by sight (2 Corinthians 5:7).

Do this for six days
The six-day period of marching is significant, as it mirrors the six days of creation, with the seventh day being a day of completion and rest. This pattern foreshadows the ultimate victory and rest that comes through faith in God's promises. The number six often represents human effort, and the completion on the seventh day signifies divine intervention and fulfillment. This period of waiting and obedience is a test of faith, similar to other biblical instances where God's people are called to wait on His timing (e.g., the Israelites wandering for 40 years, Jesus' resurrection on the third day).

Have seven priests carry seven rams’ horns in front of the ark.
The number seven is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing completeness or divine perfection. The use of seven priests and seven rams' horns underscores the divine orchestration of the events at Jericho. Priests, as mediators between God and the people, carrying the rams' horns, which are shofars used in religious ceremonies, signifies the sacred nature of this military campaign. The ark represents God's presence among His people, emphasizing that the battle is spiritual and led by God Himself. This mirrors the role of the ark in other biblical narratives, such as its leading position in crossing the Jordan River (Joshua 3:3-4).

Then on the seventh day, march around the city seven times,
The seventh day is reminiscent of the Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, yet here it is a day of action, indicating a divine intervention that transcends normal human activity. Marching around the city seven times on this day highlights the culmination of God's plan for Jericho. This act of faith and obedience by the Israelites is a test of their trust in God's unconventional methods. The repetitive marching can be seen as a form of spiritual warfare, where persistence in faith leads to victory. This is echoed in the New Testament, where perseverance in faith is encouraged (Hebrews 11:30).

while the priests blow the horns.
The blowing of the rams' horns, or shofars, is a call to worship and a signal of God's presence and power. In ancient Israel, the shofar was used to announce significant events, such as the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:9) and to rally troops for battle (Judges 3:27). Here, it serves as a divine proclamation of impending victory and the fall of Jericho's walls. The sound of the shofar is also associated with the voice of God, as seen at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:16), symbolizing divine authority and intervention. This act foreshadows the ultimate victory of Christ, who will return with the sound of a trumpet (1 Thessalonians 4:16).

And when there is a long blast of the ram’s horn
The ram's horn, or shofar, is a significant instrument in Israelite worship and warfare. It was used to signal important events, such as the start of the Jubilee year (Leviticus 25:9) and in battle (Judges 7:18). The long blast signifies a divine announcement, indicating God's direct intervention. The use of the shofar here connects to the idea of God's presence and power leading the Israelites.

and you hear its sound
Hearing the sound of the shofar was a call to action for the Israelites. It required attentiveness and obedience, reflecting the importance of listening to God's commands. This moment emphasizes the need for faith and trust in God's plan, as the Israelites were to act upon hearing the sound without hesitation.

have all the people give a mighty shout
The shout represents a unified act of faith and obedience. It symbolizes the collective trust of the Israelites in God's promise to deliver Jericho into their hands. This shout can be seen as an act of worship and declaration of God's power, similar to the shout of victory in Psalm 47:1.

Then the wall of the city will collapse
The collapse of Jericho's walls is a miraculous event, demonstrating God's power over human fortifications. Archaeological evidence suggests that Jericho was a heavily fortified city, making its walls' collapse a significant sign of divine intervention. This event prefigures the ultimate victory over sin and death through Christ, who breaks down the barriers between God and humanity.

and all your people will charge straight into the city.
The direct charge into the city signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites the land of Canaan. It highlights the importance of obedience and faith in God's instructions. This moment foreshadows the spiritual victory believers have in Christ, who leads them into the promised inheritance of eternal life (Hebrews 4:8-10).

So Joshua son of Nun summoned the priests
Joshua, the leader of Israel after Moses, is identified as the son of Nun, emphasizing his role as a divinely appointed leader. The summoning of the priests highlights the importance of spiritual leadership in Israel's military campaigns. Priests played a crucial role in religious and national life, serving as mediators between God and the people. This action underscores the theocratic nature of Israel, where religious and military actions were intertwined.

and said, “Take up the ark of the covenant
The Ark of the Covenant was the most sacred object in Israel, symbolizing God's presence and covenant with His people. It contained the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna, representing God's guidance, authority, and provision. The Ark's presence in battle signified divine intervention and assurance of victory. This reflects the belief that success in battle depended on God's presence and favor.

and have seven priests carry seven rams’ horns
The number seven is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing completeness or perfection. The use of seven priests and seven rams' horns indicates a divinely ordained plan. Rams' horns, or shofars, were used in religious ceremonies and as signals in battle. Their use here signifies a spiritual battle, where God's power, not military might, would bring victory.

in front of the ark of the LORD.”
Positioning the priests and the horns in front of the Ark emphasizes the precedence of spiritual over military strategy. The Ark is referred to as the Ark of the LORD, highlighting God's sovereignty and the sacredness of the mission. This procession demonstrates faith and obedience, as the Israelites rely on God's instructions rather than conventional warfare tactics. This act prefigures the ultimate victory through faith in God's promises, a theme echoed throughout Scripture.

And he told the people
This phrase refers to Joshua, the leader of the Israelites after Moses. Joshua's role as a leader is significant, as he is seen as a type of Christ, leading God's people into the Promised Land. His leadership is marked by obedience to God's commands, which is a central theme in the book of Joshua.

Advance and march around the city
The city in question is Jericho, one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, located in the Jordan Valley. The command to march around the city is part of a divine strategy for conquest, emphasizing faith and obedience over military might. This act of marching is symbolic of God's people claiming His promises through faith.

with the armed troops going ahead
The presence of armed troops signifies the readiness for battle, yet the battle plan is unconventional, highlighting reliance on God's power rather than human strength. This mirrors the spiritual battles believers face, where reliance on God is paramount.

of the ark of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant represents God's presence among His people. It contained the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna, symbolizing God's covenant, authority, and provision. The ark leading the procession underscores the centrality of God's presence and guidance in achieving victory. This foreshadows Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of God's presence with His people.

After Joshua had spoken to the people
Joshua, as the leader of Israel, communicates God's instructions to the people. This highlights the importance of leadership and obedience in fulfilling God's plans. Joshua's role as a mediator between God and the Israelites is reminiscent of Moses, emphasizing continuity in leadership and divine guidance.

seven priests carrying seven rams’ horns
The number seven is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing completeness or perfection. The use of seven priests and seven horns underscores the divine orchestration of events. Rams' horns, or shofars, were used in various religious and military contexts in ancient Israel, signifying both worship and warfare. This dual purpose reflects the spiritual and physical dimensions of the battle for Jericho.

before the LORD
This phrase indicates that the actions of the priests and the people are conducted in the presence of God, emphasizing the sacred nature of the event. It underscores the belief that God is actively involved in the affairs of His people, guiding and empowering them.

advanced and blew the horns
The blowing of the horns serves as a signal of both divine presence and impending action. In the context of Jericho, it marks the beginning of God's intervention in the battle. The sound of the shofar is also associated with the proclamation of God's sovereignty and the call to worship, linking the military action with spiritual significance.

and the ark of the covenant of the LORD followed them
The Ark of the Covenant represents God's presence among His people. Its position following the priests signifies that God is leading the charge against Jericho. The Ark's presence assures the Israelites of divine support and protection. This mirrors the role of the Ark in other biblical narratives, where it symbolizes God's covenant and faithfulness to His promises.

While the horns continued to sound
The sounding of horns, specifically the shofar or ram's horn, was significant in ancient Israelite culture. It was used for various purposes, including religious ceremonies, signaling, and warfare. In the context of Joshua 6, the continuous sounding of the horns signified the presence and power of God, as well as a call to spiritual and physical readiness. The use of the shofar in this passage connects to other biblical events, such as the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:16) and the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:9), symbolizing liberation and divine intervention.

the armed troops marched ahead of the priests who blew the horns
The strategic placement of the armed troops ahead of the priests highlights the combination of military action and divine guidance. This formation underscores the importance of obedience to God's instructions, as the Israelites were not relying solely on their military might but on God's promise and presence. The armed troops represent the readiness to engage in battle, while the priests signify the spiritual leadership and the centrality of worship in Israel's life. This duality is seen throughout Scripture, where faith and action work together, as in the story of David and Goliath (1 Samuel 17).

and the rear guard followed the ark
The rear guard's position behind the Ark of the Covenant emphasizes the protection and reverence for the Ark, which symbolized God's presence among His people. The Ark was central to Israel's identity and worship, containing the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna (Hebrews 9:4). Its presence assured the Israelites of God's guidance and victory. The Ark's role in leading the procession around Jericho parallels its leading position during the crossing of the Jordan River (Joshua 3:3-4), signifying God's leadership and the fulfillment of His promises. The Ark is also a type of Christ, representing God's dwelling with humanity and His covenant relationship with His people.

But Joshua had commanded the people:
Joshua, as the leader of Israel, follows the divine instructions given to him. His role as a commander is crucial, reflecting his obedience to God and his authority over the Israelites. This command underscores the importance of leadership in fulfilling God's plans, reminiscent of Moses' leadership during the Exodus.

Do not give a battle cry or let your voice be heard;
The silence commanded by Joshua is significant. In ancient warfare, battle cries were common to intimidate the enemy and rally troops. Here, the silence is a demonstration of faith and discipline, emphasizing reliance on God's power rather than human strength. This mirrors the quiet faith seen in other biblical narratives, such as the Israelites' silent march around Jericho.

do not let one word come out of your mouth
This further emphasizes the need for complete silence and obedience. The restraint required is a test of faith and patience, highlighting the spiritual discipline necessary to follow God's unusual battle plan. It also serves as a reminder of the power of words, as seen in Proverbs 18:21, where the tongue is described as having the power of life and death.

until the day I tell you to shout.
The timing of the shout is crucial, indicating that God's plans often require waiting for His perfect timing. This reflects the biblical theme of waiting on the Lord, as seen in Psalms and the prophetic books, where patience and trust in God's timing are frequently encouraged.

Then you are to shout!
The shout represents the culmination of faith and obedience, leading to the miraculous victory at Jericho. This act of shouting is symbolic of the power of collective faith and the fulfillment of God's promises. It foreshadows the New Testament concept of victory through faith, as seen in the triumph of Jesus Christ over sin and death, where believers are called to proclaim the victory of the Gospel.

So he had the ark of the LORD carried around the city
The Ark of the Covenant symbolizes God's presence among His people. In the context of Joshua 6, the Ark's procession around Jericho signifies divine authority and the centrality of God in the conquest. The Ark's presence underscores the battle as a spiritual endeavor rather than a mere military campaign. This act of carrying the Ark around the city is reminiscent of the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, where the Ark led them (Numbers 10:33). The Ark's role here prefigures Christ, who leads His people to victory over sin and death.

circling it once
The act of circling the city once each day for six days (as detailed in the surrounding verses) is a demonstration of obedience and faith. This unusual military strategy highlights reliance on God's power rather than human strength. The number seven, which will culminate in the final day's seven circuits, often represents completeness or perfection in biblical numerology, pointing to the complete victory God will provide. This action also serves as a test of faith for the Israelites, similar to the faith required to follow Christ's teachings.

And the people returned to the camp
Returning to the camp each day emphasizes the discipline and patience required in following God's instructions. It reflects a rhythm of action and rest, reminiscent of the Sabbath principle. This return to the camp can be seen as a time for reflection and preparation, much like the Christian life involves periods of active service and quiet reflection in God's presence.

and spent the night there
Spending the night in the camp suggests a period of waiting and trust in God's timing. It mirrors the anticipation of the Israelites as they awaited the fulfillment of God's promise to deliver Jericho into their hands. This waiting period can be likened to the Christian anticipation of Christ's return, where believers are called to remain faithful and vigilant. The night also symbolizes a time of rest and renewal, preparing the people for the next day's obedience, much like the spiritual renewal found in Christ.

Joshua got up early the next morning
Joshua's early rising demonstrates his diligence and commitment to God's command. This practice of rising early is seen throughout Scripture as a sign of readiness and devotion (Genesis 22:3, Psalm 5:3). It reflects a disciplined life, prioritizing God's mission over personal comfort. Joshua's leadership is marked by obedience and promptness, setting an example for the Israelites.

and the priests took the ark of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant symbolizes God's presence among His people. Its central role in the conquest of Jericho underscores the necessity of divine guidance and power in achieving victory. The priests, as mediators between God and Israel, carry the Ark, highlighting the sacredness of their duty. This act connects to the broader biblical theme of God's presence leading His people, as seen in the wilderness journey (Exodus 25:22, Numbers 10:33-36). The Ark's presence foreshadows Christ, who is the ultimate mediator and embodiment of God's presence with humanity (John 1:14, Hebrews 9:11-12).

And the seven priests carrying seven rams’ horns
The number seven is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing completeness or perfection, as seen in the creation week (Genesis 2:2-3). The use of rams' horns, or shofars, is deeply rooted in Israelite tradition, often used to signal important events or divine intervention (Leviticus 25:9). The priests, as mediators between God and the people, signify the sacred nature of this procession.

kept marching ahead of the ark of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant represents God's presence among His people (Exodus 25:22). The priests marching ahead of the Ark symbolize the preparation and sanctification required before approaching God. This procession mirrors the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, where the Ark led the way (Numbers 10:33).

and blowing the horns
The continuous blowing of the horns serves as a call to attention and a proclamation of God's impending action. It echoes the trumpet blasts at Mount Sinai, which announced God's presence and covenant (Exodus 19:16). This act also prefigures the eschatological trumpet calls in Revelation (Revelation 8:6).

The armed troops went in front of them
The presence of armed troops highlights the military aspect of the conquest of Jericho. This formation underscores the combination of divine intervention and human obedience in achieving victory. It reflects the biblical theme of God as a warrior leading His people (Exodus 15:3).

and the rear guard followed the ark of the LORD
The rear guard ensures the protection and completeness of the procession, emphasizing the order and discipline required in following God's commands. This mirrors the structure of Israel's camp in the wilderness, where the tribes were arranged around the Ark (Numbers 2).

while the horns kept sounding
The continuous sounding of the horns reinforces the urgency and seriousness of the moment. It serves as a reminder of God's power and the need for faith and obedience. This persistent sound can be seen as a type of Christ, who continually intercedes for believers (Hebrews 7:25).

So on the second day
The Israelites' actions on the second day mirror those of the first, emphasizing obedience and patience. This repetition underscores the importance of following God's instructions precisely, even when the immediate outcome is not visible. The number two in biblical numerology often signifies confirmation or witness, suggesting that the Israelites' actions were a testimony to their faith in God's plan.

they marched around the city once
The act of marching around Jericho was a strategic and symbolic gesture. Jericho was a fortified city, and the Israelites' silent march demonstrated their reliance on divine intervention rather than military might. This action also served as a psychological tactic, instilling fear and uncertainty among the inhabitants of Jericho. The march can be seen as a precursor to the spiritual warfare described in Ephesians 6:10-18, where believers are called to rely on God's power rather than their own.

and returned to the camp
Returning to the camp each day highlights the discipline and routine in the Israelites' obedience. The camp represents a place of rest and preparation, where the Israelites could reflect on God's promises and prepare for the fulfillment of His plan. This cycle of action and rest is reminiscent of the Sabbath principle, where work is balanced with rest and reflection on God's provision.

They did this for six days
The six-day period of marching is significant, as the number six often represents human effort and incompleteness in biblical numerology. It sets the stage for the seventh day, a number associated with completion and divine intervention. This pattern foreshadows the ultimate victory that comes not through human strength but through God's power, paralleling the creation narrative where God completed His work on the seventh day. The six days of marching also serve as a test of faith and perseverance, similar to the trials faced by believers as described in James 1:2-4.

Then on the seventh day
The seventh day holds significant biblical symbolism, often representing completion or perfection, as seen in the creation account (Genesis 2:2-3). This day marks the culmination of the Israelites' obedience to God's specific instructions for conquering Jericho, emphasizing the importance of divine timing and fulfillment of God's promises.

they got up at dawn
Rising early demonstrates the Israelites' eagerness and readiness to follow God's command. This practice of early rising for significant events is seen throughout Scripture, such as Abraham rising early to obey God (Genesis 22:3) and Jesus rising early to pray (Mark 1:35), indicating dedication and commitment to God's will.

and marched around the city seven times
The act of marching around Jericho seven times on the seventh day is a unique military strategy that underscores reliance on God's power rather than human strength. The number seven is often associated with divine completeness and perfection. This repetitive action also serves as a test of faith and obedience, reminiscent of Naaman's seven dips in the Jordan River for healing (2 Kings 5:10-14).

in the same manner
This phrase indicates consistency and faithfulness in following God's instructions. The Israelites maintained the same procedure as the previous six days, highlighting the importance of perseverance and steadfastness in faith, as echoed in Galatians 6:9, which encourages believers not to grow weary in doing good.

That was the only day they circled the city seven times.
This distinction sets the seventh day apart, emphasizing its significance and the miraculous nature of the impending victory. It highlights the uniqueness of God's plan and the importance of following His specific instructions. The singularity of this event points to the extraordinary intervention of God, similar to other miraculous events in Scripture, such as the parting of the Red Sea (Exodus 14:21-22).

After the seventh time around
The Israelites circled Jericho once a day for six days, but on the seventh day, they circled it seven times. The number seven often symbolizes completion or perfection in the Bible, as seen in the creation week (Genesis 2:2-3). This act of circling the city seven times on the seventh day signifies the completion of God's plan for Jericho's fall.

the priests blew the horns
The use of horns, specifically ram's horns or shofars, is significant in Israelite worship and warfare. The blowing of the shofar is often associated with announcing God's presence or intervention (Exodus 19:16, Leviticus 25:9). In this context, it signals the divine action about to take place, emphasizing that the victory is God's doing, not Israel's military might.

and Joshua commanded the people
Joshua, as the leader of Israel, acts in obedience to God's instructions. His role as a commander reflects his faithfulness and trust in God's promises. Joshua's leadership is a type of Christ, who leads His people to victory over sin and death (Hebrews 4:8-9).

“Shout!
The shout represents an act of faith and obedience. The people are called to shout before the walls fall, demonstrating their trust in God's promise. This mirrors the faith required of believers, who are called to trust in God's promises even before they see them fulfilled (Hebrews 11:30).

For the LORD has given you the city!
The past tense "has given" indicates the certainty of God's promise. The victory is assured not by human effort but by divine decree. This reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and faithfulness in fulfilling His promises (Deuteronomy 7:9). The fall of Jericho prefigures the ultimate victory believers have in Christ, who has conquered sin and death (1 Corinthians 15:57).

Now the city and everything in it must be devoted to the LORD for destruction.
This phrase refers to the concept of "herem," a Hebrew term meaning something devoted to God, often through complete destruction. In the context of ancient warfare, this was a common practice among the Israelites, signifying that the victory and spoils belonged entirely to God. Jericho, as the first city conquered in the Promised Land, was to be a firstfruits offering to God. This act of devotion underscores the holiness and sovereignty of God, demanding total obedience and the removal of anything that could lead Israel into idolatry. The destruction of Jericho also serves as a judgment against the Canaanite culture, which was steeped in practices detestable to God, such as idolatry and immorality.

Only Rahab the prostitute and all those with her in her house will live,
Rahab's inclusion highlights God's grace and the power of faith. Despite her background, Rahab's faith in the God of Israel (as seen in Joshua 2) led to her and her family's salvation. This act of mercy prefigures the inclusion of Gentiles into the covenant community, as seen in the New Testament. Rahab is also mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5), illustrating God's redemptive plan through history. Her house, marked by the scarlet cord, symbolizes protection and deliverance, akin to the Passover lamb's blood in Exodus.

because she hid the spies we sent.
Rahab's actions demonstrated her faith and allegiance to the God of Israel. By hiding the spies, she risked her life, showing a commitment to God's purposes over her own people. This act of faith is commended in Hebrews 11:31 and James 2:25, where Rahab is praised for her works as evidence of her faith. Her story exemplifies the biblical principle that faith without works is dead, and it serves as a powerful testimony of how God can use unlikely individuals to fulfill His divine purposes.

But keep away from the things devoted to destruction
This phrase refers to the items in Jericho that were to be completely destroyed as an offering to God. In the context of ancient warfare, "devoted to destruction" (Hebrew: herem) meant that certain items were to be completely destroyed or given to God, signifying total consecration. This command underscores the holiness of God and the need for Israel to remain pure and obedient. The concept of herem is seen in other parts of the Old Testament, such as in Deuteronomy 7:2, where God commands Israel to destroy the Canaanite nations completely. This reflects the seriousness of sin and the need for separation from anything that could lead to idolatry or moral corruption.

lest you yourself be set apart for destruction
This warning highlights the consequences of disobedience. If the Israelites took any of the devoted items, they would themselves become subject to the same destruction intended for Jericho. This reflects the principle of divine justice and the seriousness of covenant faithfulness. The idea of being "set apart" for destruction is a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin, as seen in the story of Achan in Joshua 7, who disobeyed this command and brought judgment upon himself and Israel.

If you take any of these
The conditional "if" indicates the potential for disobedience and the human tendency to covet. This serves as a test of Israel's faithfulness and trust in God's provision. The temptation to take spoils of war was strong, but obedience required trust in God's plan and provision. This echoes the temptation in the Garden of Eden, where taking what was forbidden led to sin and separation from God.

you will set apart the camp of Israel for destruction
This phrase emphasizes the communal nature of sin and its consequences. One person's disobedience could bring judgment upon the entire community, highlighting the interconnectedness of the people of God. This principle is seen throughout Scripture, such as in 1 Corinthians 5:6, where Paul warns that a little leaven leavens the whole lump, illustrating how sin can affect the entire body of believers.

and bring disaster upon it
The disaster refers to the divine judgment that would follow disobedience. This serves as a warning of the serious consequences of sin and the importance of holiness among God's people. The disaster that befell Israel due to Achan's sin (Joshua 7) serves as a historical example of this principle. It underscores the need for vigilance and obedience in the life of faith, as well as the mercy and justice of God in dealing with sin.

For all the silver and gold and all the articles of bronze and iron
In the context of ancient warfare, it was common for victors to claim the spoils of war. However, in this instance, the Israelites were instructed to dedicate these valuable items to God. This reflects the principle of firstfruits, where the first and best of what one has is given to God. The metals mentioned—silver, gold, bronze, and iron—were highly prized in the ancient Near East for their utility and value. These materials were often used in the construction of sacred objects and places, such as the Tabernacle and later the Temple, signifying their importance in worship and dedication to God.

are holy to the LORD;
The term "holy" signifies something set apart for a sacred purpose. In this context, the items are consecrated to God, indicating that they are not for personal use or gain. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness, where God calls His people to be set apart and dedicated to Him. The act of setting these items apart underscores the recognition of God's sovereignty and the acknowledgment that victory and provision come from Him.

they must go into His treasury.”
The treasury of the LORD refers to a designated place where items dedicated to God were stored. This could be seen as a precursor to the treasury in the Temple, where offerings and dedicated items were kept. The command to place these items in God's treasury emphasizes the importance of obedience and the proper handling of things dedicated to God. It also foreshadows the later practices of temple worship and the collection of offerings for the maintenance of religious services and the support of the priesthood. This act of dedication serves as a reminder of the Israelites' covenant relationship with God and their responsibility to honor Him with their possessions.

So when the rams’ horns sounded, the people shouted.
The use of rams' horns, or shofars, in ancient Israel was significant for religious and military purposes. The shofar was often used to signal important events, such as the start of a battle or a call to worship. In this context, the sounding of the rams' horns signified the moment of divine intervention. The act of shouting by the people was an expression of faith and obedience to God's command, as instructed by Joshua. This moment reflects the power of collective faith and the importance of following divine instructions precisely.

When they heard the blast of the horn, the people gave a great shout,
The repetition of the horn blast and the people's shout emphasizes the unity and coordination among the Israelites. This event is a demonstration of faith in action, where the Israelites trusted in God's promise that the walls of Jericho would fall. The great shout can be seen as an act of worship and declaration of God's power. This moment parallels other biblical instances where vocal expressions of faith lead to divine intervention, such as in the story of Gideon (Judges 7:20-22).

and the wall collapsed.
The collapse of Jericho's walls is a miraculous event attributed to God's direct intervention. Archaeological evidence suggests that Jericho was a fortified city with substantial walls, making their sudden collapse a significant demonstration of divine power. This event fulfilled God's promise to Joshua and the Israelites, showcasing that victory comes through faith and obedience to God rather than human strength or military might. Theologically, it represents the breaking down of barriers that stand against God's purposes.

Then all the people charged straight into the city and captured it.
The phrase indicates the immediacy and decisiveness of the Israelites' actions following the collapse of the walls. The capture of Jericho was the first major victory in the conquest of Canaan, symbolizing the beginning of the fulfillment of God's promise to give the land to the descendants of Abraham. This event foreshadows the ultimate victory of God's people over spiritual strongholds through faith and obedience. It also serves as a type of Christ's victory over sin and death, where seemingly insurmountable obstacles are overcome through divine power.

With the edge of the sword
This phrase indicates the method of execution used by the Israelites, emphasizing the completeness and decisiveness of the action. The sword is often a symbol of divine judgment in the Bible, as seen in passages like Isaiah 34:5-6. The use of the sword here signifies the fulfillment of God's command to Joshua and the Israelites to conquer the land of Canaan, as previously instructed in Deuteronomy 7:2.

they devoted to destruction
The term "devoted to destruction" translates the Hebrew word "herem," which means to consecrate or set apart for God, often through complete destruction. This concept is rooted in the idea of purging evil and ensuring the purity of the Israelites, as seen in Deuteronomy 20:16-18. It reflects the seriousness of God's command to eliminate idolatry and sin from the land.

everything in the city
This phrase underscores the totality of the destruction, leaving nothing behind that could lead the Israelites into idolatry or sin. The comprehensive nature of the destruction is a reminder of the holiness required by God and the need to remove all influences that could corrupt the covenant community.

man and woman, young and old
The inclusion of all people, regardless of age or gender, highlights the severity of the judgment against Jericho. This reflects the collective responsibility and the pervasive sin of the Canaanite culture, which had reached its full measure of iniquity, as mentioned in Genesis 15:16. It also serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin.

oxen, sheep, and donkeys
The destruction of livestock indicates the complete eradication of the city's resources and economic life. This act ensured that nothing from Jericho would be used by the Israelites, maintaining the purity of their worship and reliance on God. It also symbolizes the totality of God's judgment, as seen in other instances of herem, such as in 1 Samuel 15:3.

Meanwhile, Joshua told the two men who had spied out the land
This phrase refers to the two spies sent by Joshua in Joshua 2:1. Their mission was to gather intelligence on Jericho, a key city in the conquest of Canaan. The spies' successful mission was crucial for Israel's strategy. The act of sending spies shows Joshua's wisdom and military acumen, reflecting a pattern seen in Numbers 13 when Moses sent spies into Canaan. This also highlights the continuity of leadership from Moses to Joshua.

“Go into the house of the prostitute
Rahab, identified as a prostitute, lived in Jericho. Her house was strategically located on the city wall, which provided the spies an escape route (Joshua 2:15). Rahab's profession and her faith in the God of Israel (Joshua 2:9-11) contrast, showing God's grace and the inclusion of Gentiles in His plan. Her faith and actions are commended in Hebrews 11:31 and James 2:25, illustrating that faith is demonstrated through actions.

and bring out the woman and all who are with her
This command underscores the importance of keeping promises and the value of Rahab's faith and assistance. Rahab's family was to be spared as a reward for her protection of the spies (Joshua 2:12-13). This act of salvation prefigures the deliverance offered through Christ, where faith leads to salvation for the believer and their household (Acts 16:31).

just as you promised her.”
The promise made by the spies to Rahab (Joshua 2:14) is fulfilled here, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and integrity. This fulfillment of a promise is a reflection of God's faithfulness to His covenants. It also serves as a reminder of the ethical obligations of God's people to honor their commitments, mirroring God's own faithfulness to His promises throughout Scripture.

So the young spies went in
The young spies refer to the two men sent by Joshua to scout Jericho (Joshua 2:1). Their mission was crucial for Israel's strategy, and their actions here fulfill their promise to Rahab. This reflects the importance of faithfulness and integrity in God's plans.

and brought out Rahab
Rahab, a Canaanite prostitute, is a significant figure due to her faith in the God of Israel (Hebrews 11:31). Her inclusion in the lineage of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) highlights God's grace and the breaking of cultural and social barriers.

her father and mother and brothers, and all who belonged to her
This phrase emphasizes the salvation of Rahab's entire household, reminiscent of the salvation of Noah's family (Genesis 7:1). It underscores the biblical theme of household salvation and the protective power of faith.

They brought out her whole family
The complete rescue of Rahab's family signifies the fulfillment of the spies' oath (Joshua 2:12-14). It illustrates the faithfulness of God in keeping His promises and the importance of covenant relationships.

and settled them outside the camp of Israel
Rahab and her family were initially placed outside the camp, reflecting the need for purification and integration into the community of Israel (Leviticus 14:8). This act symbolizes the transition from Gentile to participant in the covenant community, foreshadowing the inclusion of Gentiles in the New Covenant (Ephesians 2:12-13).

Then the Israelites burned up the city and everything in it.
This phrase describes the complete destruction of Jericho, a key event in the conquest of Canaan. The burning of the city signifies total judgment and the fulfillment of God's command to devote the city to destruction (Joshua 6:17). This act of burning is consistent with the ancient Near Eastern practice of herem, or the devotion of things to destruction as an offering to a deity. The destruction of Jericho serves as a warning to other Canaanite cities and demonstrates God's power and faithfulness to Israel. It also prefigures the final judgment and the ultimate victory of God's people over evil.

However, they put the silver and gold and articles of bronze and iron into the treasury of the LORD’s house.
This phrase highlights the distinction between what was to be destroyed and what was to be consecrated to God. The valuable metals were spared from destruction and dedicated to the LORD, signifying that the firstfruits of the conquest belonged to Him. This act of dedication is reminiscent of the principle of firstfruits found in the Law (Exodus 23:19), where the first and best are given to God. The treasury of the LORD's house refers to the tabernacle, the central place of worship for Israel at the time. This dedication underscores the importance of acknowledging God's sovereignty and provision. It also foreshadows the temple treasury, which would later play a significant role in Israel's worship and economy. The act of setting apart these metals can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate treasure and offering to God, consecrated for the redemption of humanity.

And Joshua spared Rahab the prostitute
Rahab's profession is mentioned to highlight the grace and mercy extended to her despite her past. Her story is a powerful example of redemption and faith, as she recognized the God of Israel as the true God (Joshua 2:11). Her inclusion in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:5) underscores the transformative power of faith and God's willingness to use anyone for His purposes.

with her father’s household and all who belonged to her
This phrase indicates the comprehensive nature of the salvation extended to Rahab. It reflects the biblical principle that faith can have a protective and redemptive impact on one's family (Acts 16:31). The sparing of her household also demonstrates the fulfillment of the promise made by the spies (Joshua 2:12-14).

because she hid the men Joshua had sent to spy out Jericho
Rahab's actions were a demonstration of her faith in the God of Israel. By hiding the spies, she aligned herself with God's people, risking her life in the process. This act of faith is commended in Hebrews 11:31, where Rahab is listed among the heroes of faith. Her actions also illustrate the theme of divine providence and protection for those who trust in God.

So she has lived among the Israelites to this day
This phrase indicates the integration of Rahab into the community of Israel, symbolizing the acceptance and inclusion of Gentiles into God's covenant people. Her continued presence among the Israelites serves as a testament to God's faithfulness and the breaking down of barriers between Jews and Gentiles, a theme further developed in the New Testament (Ephesians 2:14-16). Rahab's life among the Israelites also prefigures the inclusion of all nations in the blessings of Abraham (Galatians 3:8).

At that time Joshua invoked this solemn oath:
This phrase indicates a specific moment following the fall of Jericho, a significant event in Israel's conquest of Canaan. Joshua, as the leader of Israel, speaks with authority, invoking a curse that carries divine weight. The use of a solemn oath underscores the seriousness and irrevocability of the pronouncement, reflecting the ancient Near Eastern practice of binding oaths and curses.

Cursed before the LORD is the man who rises up and rebuilds this city, Jericho;
The curse is pronounced "before the LORD," indicating that it is not merely Joshua's words but carries divine authority. Jericho, the first city conquered in the Promised Land, was to remain a testament to God's power and judgment. The curse serves as a warning against defying God's will and attempting to restore what He has destroyed. This reflects the biblical theme of divine judgment and the consequences of disobedience.

at the cost of his firstborn he will lay its foundations;
This part of the curse specifies a severe consequence for rebuilding Jericho: the loss of the rebuilder's firstborn son. In ancient cultures, the firstborn held significant importance, often representing the family's future and legacy. The loss of a firstborn would be a devastating personal and familial tragedy, emphasizing the gravity of defying God's command.

at the cost of his youngest he will set up its gates.
The curse extends to the rebuilder's youngest child, indicating a complete and total loss within the family. This mirrors the comprehensive destruction of Jericho itself and serves as a deterrent against any attempt to restore the city. The mention of both the firstborn and the youngest underscores the totality of the curse, affecting the entire lineage of the transgressor.

This curse was fulfilled in 1 Kings 16:34 when Hiel of Bethel rebuilt Jericho, losing his firstborn and youngest sons, demonstrating the enduring nature of God's word and the fulfillment of prophecy. This event serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of adhering to God's commands.

So the LORD was with Joshua
This phrase emphasizes the divine presence and support that Joshua experienced throughout his leadership. The LORD's presence with Joshua is a continuation of the promise given in Joshua 1:5, where God assured Joshua that He would be with him just as He was with Moses. This divine accompaniment is a key theme in the book of Joshua, highlighting that the success of Israel's conquests was not due to military might but to God's intervention. The presence of the LORD with Joshua can be seen as a type of Christ, who is called "Immanuel," meaning "God with us" (Matthew 1:23). This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God dwelling with His people.

and his fame spread throughout the land
Joshua's fame spreading throughout the land signifies the recognition of his leadership and the victories that Israel achieved under his command. This fame was not merely due to human achievement but was a testament to the power of God working through him. The land referred to here is Canaan, the Promised Land, which was inhabited by various tribes and nations. The spread of Joshua's fame would have served as a warning to these nations of the power of Israel's God, fulfilling the fear that Rahab mentioned in Joshua 2:9-11. This also prefigures the spread of the fame of Jesus Christ, whose name and works became known throughout the regions of Judea and beyond, as seen in passages like Matthew 4:24.