On the eighth day
The eighth day signifies a new beginning, following the seven days of ordination for Aaron and his sons (Leviticus 8:33-36). Biblically, the number eight often symbolizes new creation or a new order, as seen in the resurrection of Jesus, which occurred on the first day of the week, the day after the Sabbath (John 20:1). This day marks the commencement of Aaron's priestly duties, indicating a transition from preparation to active service.

Moses summoned Aaron and his sons
Moses, acting as God's appointed leader and mediator, calls Aaron and his sons to begin their priestly ministry. This highlights the importance of divine calling and preparation for service. Aaron, as the high priest, is a type of Christ, our ultimate High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16). The summoning also emphasizes the necessity of obedience to God's instructions, as Aaron and his sons had to follow the detailed commands given by God through Moses.

and the elders of Israel
The elders represent the leadership and authority within the Israelite community. Their presence underscores the communal aspect of worship and the importance of accountability and witness in religious practices. This gathering of leaders also reflects the structure of the early church, where elders played a crucial role in governance and spiritual oversight (Acts 14:23, 1 Peter 5:1-3). The involvement of the elders ensures that the priestly inauguration is recognized and validated by the community.

He said to Aaron
Moses, acting as God's spokesperson, instructs Aaron, the high priest. This highlights Aaron's role in the priesthood and the importance of obedience to divine commands. Aaron's leadership is crucial as he represents the people before God.

Take for yourself a young bull for a sin offering
The young bull signifies a significant sacrifice, often associated with atonement for sin. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bulls were valuable, symbolizing the costliness of sin. The sin offering is a key element in the sacrificial system, pointing to the need for purification and forgiveness.

and a ram for a burnt offering
The ram, used for a burnt offering, signifies complete dedication to God. Unlike the sin offering, the burnt offering is entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing total surrender and devotion. This offering foreshadows Christ's complete sacrifice and dedication to God's will.

both without blemish
The requirement for offerings to be without blemish underscores the need for purity and perfection in sacrifices. This prefigures Christ, the sinless Lamb of God, who offered Himself without spot or blemish for the sins of humanity.

and present them before the LORD
The act of presenting offerings before the LORD emphasizes the direct relationship between the worshiper and God. It signifies acknowledgment of God's holiness and the need for reconciliation. This presentation is a precursor to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, who presented Himself before God on behalf of humanity.

Then speak to the Israelites and say,
This directive is given to Moses, emphasizing his role as the mediator between God and the Israelites. The Israelites are the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, and are God's chosen people. This communication underscores the importance of divine instruction and the need for obedience to God's commands.

‘Take a male goat for a sin offering,
The male goat is specified for a sin offering, which is a sacrifice made to atone for unintentional sins and to purify the people. The use of a goat is significant in the sacrificial system, as it symbolizes the removal of sin. This offering foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who takes away the sins of the world.

a calf and a lamb—both a year old and without blemish—
The requirement for a calf and a lamb to be a year old and without blemish highlights the need for purity and perfection in offerings to God. This reflects the holiness of God and the need for the Israelites to present their best. The unblemished nature of these animals points to Christ, who is described as the Lamb of God without spot or blemish, fulfilling the sacrificial system.

for a burnt offering,
The burnt offering is a voluntary act of worship, symbolizing the complete surrender and dedication to God. It is entirely consumed by fire, representing the offerer's total commitment. This offering is a type of Christ's complete and willing sacrifice, as He offered Himself wholly to God for the redemption of humanity.

an ox and a ram for a peace offering to sacrifice before the LORD
The peace offering, also known as the fellowship offering, was a voluntary sacrifice expressing thanksgiving and communion with God. The ox and ram were significant animals in sacrificial rituals, symbolizing strength and leadership. The peace offering was unique in that it was shared between the altar, the priests, and the offerer, symbolizing fellowship with God. This offering foreshadows the ultimate peace offering, Jesus Christ, who reconciles humanity to God. The use of an ox and a ram highlights the importance of the sacrifice, as these were valuable animals, indicating the seriousness of the offering and the desire for peace with God.

and a grain offering mixed with oil
The grain offering, often accompanying other sacrifices, symbolized dedication and gratitude to God for His provision. Mixing it with oil, a symbol of the Holy Spirit, signifies the anointing and sanctification of the offering. This offering represents the work of human hands, acknowledging God's provision and blessing. The grain offering points to Christ as the Bread of Life, who sustains and nourishes believers. The use of oil also connects to the anointing of kings and priests, prefiguring Christ's role as the Anointed One.

For today the LORD will appear to you.’”
This phrase emphasizes the immediacy and significance of God's presence among His people. The appearance of the LORD signifies His approval and acceptance of the sacrifices, as well as His desire to dwell among His people. This moment foreshadows the ultimate revelation of God in Jesus Christ, who is Emmanuel, "God with us." The anticipation of God's appearance underscores the holiness required to approach Him and the grace extended to the Israelites through the sacrificial system. This divine encounter is a precursor to the New Testament promise of God's presence through the Holy Spirit in the lives of believers.

So they took what Moses had commanded
This phrase refers to the offerings and sacrifices that Moses instructed the Israelites to prepare as part of the consecration ceremony for Aaron and his sons. The command comes from God, delivered through Moses, emphasizing the importance of obedience to divine instructions. This act of obedience is a recurring theme in the Pentateuch, highlighting the necessity of following God's law precisely. The offerings included a sin offering, a burnt offering, and a peace offering, each with specific significance in the sacrificial system.

to the front of the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, was the portable sanctuary used by the Israelites during their desert wanderings. It served as the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. Bringing the offerings to the front of the Tent signifies approaching God with reverence and the proper protocol. The Tabernacle's design and function foreshadow the coming of Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate meeting place between God and humanity.

and the whole congregation drew near
This indicates the communal aspect of worship and sacrifice in ancient Israel. The entire community was involved in the consecration of the priesthood, signifying their collective responsibility and participation in the covenant relationship with God. This gathering also reflects the unity and shared faith of the Israelites, a theme echoed in the New Testament where believers are encouraged to gather together in worship and fellowship.

and stood before the LORD
Standing before the LORD signifies a posture of respect, readiness, and attentiveness to God's presence and commands. In the context of Leviticus, it underscores the holiness required to approach God, as well as the mediating role of the priesthood. This phrase also points to the eschatological hope found in Revelation, where believers will stand before God in His presence eternally, made possible through the redemptive work of Christ.

And Moses said,
Moses, as the leader and prophet of Israel, often served as the intermediary between God and the people. His role was to communicate God's instructions clearly and authoritatively. This reflects his unique position as a mediator, which foreshadows the ultimate mediator, Jesus Christ, who stands between God and humanity.

“This is what the LORD has commanded you to do,
The emphasis on divine command underscores the importance of obedience to God's instructions. In the context of Leviticus, these commands pertain to the sacrificial system and priestly duties, which were essential for maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel. This obedience is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, highlighting the necessity of following God's will as seen in Deuteronomy 6:1-3 and John 14:15.

so that the glory of the LORD may appear to you.”
The glory of the LORD refers to His manifest presence, often associated with the Shekinah glory that filled the tabernacle and later the temple. This visible manifestation was a sign of God's approval and presence among His people. The appearance of God's glory is a significant event, as seen in Exodus 40:34-35 and 1 Kings 8:10-11. It points to the ultimate revelation of God's glory in Jesus Christ, as described in John 1:14, where the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory.

Then Moses said to Aaron
Moses, as the leader and prophet of Israel, acts as a mediator between God and the people. Aaron, his brother, is the high priest, a role that requires him to perform sacred duties. This moment marks the beginning of Aaron's priestly ministry, highlighting the importance of obedience to God's instructions.

Approach the altar
The altar is central to the sacrificial system, symbolizing the place where God meets with His people. Approaching the altar signifies entering into God's presence, a privilege and responsibility for the priest. This act foreshadows the ultimate approach to God through Jesus Christ, our High Priest.

and sacrifice your sin offering and your burnt offering
The sin offering is for atonement of specific sins, while the burnt offering represents total dedication to God. These offerings underscore the need for purification and consecration before God. They point to Christ's sacrifice, which fulfills and surpasses these offerings by providing complete atonement and sanctification.

to make atonement for yourself and for the people
Atonement involves reconciliation with God, achieved through the shedding of blood. Aaron must first be cleansed before interceding for the people, illustrating the necessity of holiness in those who serve God. This prefigures Christ, who, though sinless, made atonement for humanity.

And sacrifice the people’s offering
The people's offering includes various sacrifices that express worship, thanksgiving, and atonement. This communal aspect emphasizes the collective responsibility of the Israelites to maintain their covenant relationship with God. It reflects the communal nature of the Church, united in Christ's sacrifice.

to make atonement for them
The repeated emphasis on atonement highlights its centrality in the relationship between God and His people. It underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for divine forgiveness. This anticipates the New Testament revelation of Jesus as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.

as the LORD has commanded
Obedience to God's commands is crucial for the Israelites, reflecting their covenant commitment. This obedience is not merely ritualistic but is meant to cultivate a heart aligned with God's will. It points to Christ's perfect obedience, fulfilling the law and enabling believers to live in accordance with God's commands.

So Aaron approached the altar
Aaron, the brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel, is fulfilling his priestly duties as outlined in the Mosaic Law. The altar, located in the Tabernacle's courtyard, is where sacrifices are made to God. This act signifies Aaron's role as a mediator between God and the Israelites. The altar represents a place of divine encounter and atonement, a precursor to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is both the high priest and the offering.

and slaughtered the calf
The calf is chosen as a sin offering, a specific type of sacrifice meant to atone for sin and restore the relationship between the sinner and God. The act of slaughtering the animal is a vivid reminder of the cost of sin, requiring the shedding of blood for atonement. This foreshadows the sacrificial death of Jesus, the Lamb of God, whose blood was shed for the sins of humanity.

as a sin offering for himself
Aaron, despite his high priestly status, is not exempt from sin and must first make atonement for himself before he can intercede for the people. This highlights the imperfection of the Levitical priesthood and the need for a perfect high priest, fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who is sinless and offers Himself as the ultimate sin offering. This act underscores the holiness required to approach God and the necessity of purification, a theme echoed throughout the New Testament in the call for believers to be holy as God is holy.

The sons of Aaron brought the blood to him
In the Levitical priesthood, Aaron's sons served as priests under his leadership. This phrase highlights the role of the priestly family in the sacrificial system. The act of bringing the blood signifies the transfer of life, as blood represents life in biblical symbolism (Leviticus 17:11). This action foreshadows the New Testament concept of Jesus as the High Priest who offers His own blood for the atonement of humanity (Hebrews 9:12).

and he dipped his finger in the blood
The dipping of the finger in the blood is a ritual act that signifies purification and consecration. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, blood was often used in religious rites to symbolize cleansing and sanctification. This act points to the meticulous nature of the sacrificial system, emphasizing the need for purity and holiness before God. It prefigures the cleansing power of Christ's blood, which purifies believers from sin (1 John 1:7).

and applied it to the horns of the altar
The horns of the altar were projections on each corner of the altar, symbolizing strength and power. Applying blood to the horns signifies the consecration of the altar and the offering to God. This act represents the idea that the sacrifice is acceptable and powerful in atoning for sin. The altar itself is a type of Christ, who is the ultimate altar and sacrifice, providing a place of refuge and atonement for believers (Hebrews 13:10).

And he poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar
Pouring out the blood at the base of the altar completes the sacrificial ritual, symbolizing the total surrender and offering of life to God. This act underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a complete sacrifice for atonement. It points forward to the complete and final sacrifice of Jesus, whose blood was poured out for the remission of sins (Matthew 26:28). The base of the altar, being the foundation, signifies the foundational nature of Christ's sacrifice in the Christian faith.

On the altar he burned the fat, the kidneys, and the lobe of the liver from the sin offering
The act of burning specific parts of the animal on the altar is significant in the sacrificial system. The fat, kidneys, and liver lobe were considered the choicest parts, symbolizing the best being offered to God. This practice highlights the importance of giving God the best of what one has, a principle seen throughout Scripture (e.g., Proverbs 3:9). The burning of these parts also signifies the complete consumption of the offering, representing the total surrender and atonement for sin. The altar, central to the tabernacle, was where sacrifices were made, symbolizing the meeting place between God and man. This foreshadows Christ's ultimate sacrifice, where He offered Himself completely for the atonement of humanity's sins (Hebrews 9:14).

as the LORD had commanded Moses
This phrase underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands. The detailed instructions given to Moses for the sacrificial system were not arbitrary but were divinely ordained to teach Israel about holiness, sin, and redemption. The adherence to these commands reflects a heart of obedience and reverence towards God. This obedience is a recurring theme in Scripture, where blessings are often tied to following God's commands (Deuteronomy 28:1-2). The meticulous following of God's instructions by Moses and Aaron serves as a type of Christ, who perfectly fulfilled the Law and the Prophets (Matthew 5:17), demonstrating complete obedience to the Father (John 6:38).

But he burned up the flesh and the hide
In the Levitical sacrificial system, the burning of the flesh and hide of the sin offering was a significant act. The flesh and hide were not consumed on the altar but were burned outside the camp, signifying the removal of sin from the community. This act symbolizes the complete destruction of sin and impurity, aligning with the broader biblical theme of purification and holiness. The burning outside the camp also prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who was crucified outside the city of Jerusalem, bearing the sins of humanity (Hebrews 13:11-12).

outside the camp
The phrase "outside the camp" is crucial in understanding the separation between holiness and impurity. In the Israelite camp, the presence of God dwelled in the tabernacle, and anything unclean or sinful was to be removed from this holy space. This practice underscores the importance of maintaining purity within the community of God's people. Geographically, the camp refers to the encampment of the Israelites during their wilderness journey, a temporary but significant arrangement that emphasized God's presence among them. Historically, this practice set a precedent for the later Jewish understanding of sacred space and the need for atonement. Theologically, it points to the separation that sin causes between humanity and God, and the need for a mediator, ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who reconciles us to God by bearing our sins outside the "camp" of God's holy presence.

Then Aaron slaughtered the burnt offering.
Aaron, as the high priest, performed the sacrificial duties as instructed by God through Moses. The burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a sacrifice of atonement, symbolizing complete surrender to God. This act of slaughtering the offering was a foreshadowing of Christ's ultimate sacrifice, as He was the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). The burnt offering was entirely consumed by fire, representing total dedication and the need for purification from sin.

His sons brought him the blood,
Aaron's sons, the priests, assisted in the sacrificial process, highlighting the importance of the priestly family in maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel. The blood, representing life (Leviticus 17:11), was central to the atonement process. This act prefigures the New Testament understanding of Christ's blood as the means of atonement for humanity's sins (Hebrews 9:22).

and he splattered it on all sides of the altar.
The act of splattering the blood on the altar was a ritual of consecration and purification. The altar, a central place of worship, needed to be sanctified by the blood, symbolizing the cleansing power necessary for approaching a holy God. This ritual act points to the comprehensive nature of Christ's atoning work, which cleanses believers from all sin (1 John 1:7). The altar's sanctification through blood underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a mediator, fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

They brought him the burnt offering piece by piece
In the sacrificial system, the burnt offering was a central act of worship, symbolizing complete dedication to God. The phrase "piece by piece" indicates the careful and methodical manner in which the offering was prepared and presented. This reflects the meticulous nature of the Levitical priesthood and the importance of following God's instructions precisely. The burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was entirely consumed by fire, representing total surrender to God. This act prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself wholly for humanity's sins.

including the head
The inclusion of the head in the burnt offering signifies the completeness of the sacrifice. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the head often symbolized leadership and authority. By offering the head, the Israelites demonstrated their submission to God's authority. This act can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ, who is the head of the Church and offered Himself fully to God. The head's inclusion also emphasizes the thoroughness required in worship and sacrifice, leaving nothing withheld from God.

and he burned them on the altar
The burning of the offering on the altar signifies purification and atonement. Fire in the Bible often represents God's presence and judgment, as seen in the burning bush (Exodus 3:2) and the pillar of fire (Exodus 13:21). The altar, a sacred place of sacrifice, was where reconciliation between God and man occurred. This act of burning the offering points to the future sacrifice of Christ, who bore the judgment of sin on the cross. The altar's role in the sacrificial system underscores the necessity of atonement for sin, a theme fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus' death and resurrection.

He washed the entrails and the legs
In the sacrificial system, washing the entrails and legs symbolized purification and the removal of impurities. This act reflects the importance of cleanliness and holiness in worship, as seen throughout Leviticus. The washing signifies the need for internal purity, aligning with Psalm 51:10, which speaks of a clean heart. The priests' role in washing these parts underscores their duty to maintain ritual purity, a theme echoed in the New Testament with the call for believers to be pure and holy (1 Peter 1:16).

and burned them atop the burnt offering on the altar.
The burning of the entrails and legs on the altar signifies the complete dedication of the offering to God. The burnt offering, or "olah," was entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing total surrender and devotion. This act of burning atop the altar points to the idea of a pleasing aroma to the Lord, as mentioned in Leviticus 1:9. The altar, central to Israelite worship, represents the place where atonement and reconciliation with God occur. This foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself wholly for humanity's sins, as described in Hebrews 10:10. The altar's significance is further highlighted in the New Testament, where believers are called to offer themselves as living sacrifices (Romans 12:1).

Aaron then presented the people’s offering.
Aaron, as the high priest, acts as the mediator between God and the Israelites. This role is significant in the Levitical priesthood, where the high priest represents the people before God. The presentation of the offering signifies the people's acknowledgment of their need for atonement and reconciliation with God. This act prefigures Christ, our High Priest, who presents Himself as the ultimate offering for humanity's sins.

He took the male goat for the people’s sin offering,
The male goat is chosen as the sin offering, which is a common practice in the Levitical sacrificial system. The goat symbolizes the transfer of the people's sins onto the animal, which is then sacrificed to atone for those sins. This foreshadows the substitutionary atonement of Jesus Christ, who takes upon Himself the sins of the world.

slaughtered it,
The act of slaughtering the goat is a vivid reminder of the seriousness of sin and the cost of atonement. Bloodshed is necessary for the forgiveness of sins, as stated in Hebrews 9:22. This sacrificial act points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins.

and offered it for sin like the first one.
The phrase "like the first one" refers to the earlier sin offering made for Aaron and his sons, emphasizing the need for repeated sacrifices under the Old Covenant. This repetition highlights the insufficiency of animal sacrifices to fully atone for sin, contrasting with the once-for-all sacrifice of Christ, as described in Hebrews 10:10. The offering for sin underscores the holiness of God and the necessity of purification for His people.

He presented the burnt offering
The burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a central element of Israelite worship, symbolizing atonement and dedication to God. This offering was entirely consumed by fire, representing total surrender to God. The act of presenting the burnt offering was a priestly duty, emphasizing the role of the priest as a mediator between God and the people. This offering foreshadows Christ's ultimate sacrifice, as He offered Himself wholly to God for the atonement of humanity's sins (Hebrews 10:10).

and offered it according to the ordinance.
The phrase "according to the ordinance" underscores the importance of following God's specific instructions for worship. In Leviticus, God provided detailed laws for offerings, highlighting His holiness and the need for order in worship. This adherence to divine instruction reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience to God's commands (1 Samuel 15:22). The meticulous observance of these ordinances points to the perfect obedience of Christ, who fulfilled the Law and the Prophets (Matthew 5:17).

Next he presented the grain offering
The grain offering, also known as the "meal offering" or "cereal offering," was a sacrifice of fine flour, oil, and frankincense. It symbolized the dedication of one's labor and sustenance to God. This offering followed the sin and burnt offerings, indicating a progression from atonement to consecration. The grain offering was a voluntary act of worship, reflecting gratitude and acknowledgment of God's provision. It is reminiscent of the offering of firstfruits, which was a way to honor God with the first and best of one's produce.

took a handful of it
The priest taking a handful of the grain offering signifies the portion that was to be burned on the altar. This act represents the offering being set apart for God, with the remainder typically consumed by the priests. The handful symbolizes the offering of one's best and the dedication of one's work to God. This act of taking a portion for God is echoed in the New Testament principle of giving God the firstfruits of our labor and resources.

and burned it on the altar
Burning the offering on the altar signifies the complete dedication and surrender to God. The altar, a central element in the tabernacle, was the place where sacrifices were made to atone for sin and to worship God. The burning of the grain offering represents the transformation of the physical into the spiritual, as the smoke ascends to God. This act of burning is a type of Christ's sacrifice, where He offered Himself wholly to God for the atonement of humanity's sins.

in addition to the morning’s burnt offering
The morning burnt offering was a daily sacrifice, symbolizing continual atonement and dedication to God. The grain offering being added to this daily ritual highlights the importance of regular, ongoing worship and dedication. It underscores the idea that offerings to God are not isolated events but part of a continual relationship with Him. This practice points to the New Testament call for believers to offer themselves as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, as part of their spiritual worship.

Then he slaughtered the ox and the ram as the people’s peace offering.
In the context of Leviticus, the peace offering, also known as the fellowship offering, was a voluntary act of worship. It symbolized peace and fellowship between the offerer and God, often accompanied by a communal meal. The ox and the ram were significant animals in sacrificial rituals, representing strength and submission. The act of slaughtering these animals was a vivid reminder of the cost of reconciliation with God. This offering was distinct from sin and guilt offerings, focusing on thanksgiving and communion. The peace offering foreshadows the ultimate peace brought by Jesus Christ, who reconciled humanity to God through His sacrifice (Ephesians 2:14-16).

His sons brought him the blood,
The involvement of Aaron's sons in the sacrificial process highlights the priestly role of mediation between God and the people. Blood, representing life, was central to the sacrificial system, symbolizing atonement and purification (Leviticus 17:11). The priests' handling of the blood underscores the seriousness of their duties and the sanctity of the sacrificial rites. This act prefigures the New Testament understanding of Jesus as the High Priest who offers His own blood for the atonement of sins (Hebrews 9:11-14).

and he splattered it on all sides of the altar.
The splattering of blood on the altar was a ritual act signifying purification and consecration. The altar, as the focal point of sacrifice, needed to be sanctified to receive the offerings. This act ensured that the offering was acceptable to God. The comprehensive application of blood on all sides of the altar symbolizes the thoroughness of atonement and the encompassing nature of God's grace. This practice points to the comprehensive cleansing available through Christ's sacrifice, which purifies believers from all sin (1 John 1:7).

They also brought the fat portions from the ox and the ram—
In the sacrificial system of ancient Israel, the fat portions were considered the best parts of the animal and were reserved for God. This practice is rooted in the belief that the fat represented the richness and abundance of life. Offering the fat portions symbolized giving the best to God, acknowledging His provision and sovereignty. The ox and the ram were significant animals in sacrificial rituals, often representing strength and leadership. The ox was commonly used in burnt offerings, while the ram was significant in consecration and guilt offerings, as seen in the ordination of priests (Exodus 29:15-18).

the fat tail,
The fat tail refers to the fatty tissue found in the tail of certain breeds of sheep, particularly in the Middle East. This part was highly valued and considered a delicacy. In the sacrificial context, offering the fat tail signified giving the choicest part to God. This practice underscores the principle of offering the best to God, a theme that runs throughout the Old Testament sacrificial system.

the fat covering the entrails,
The fat covering the entrails was considered a prime part of the sacrifice. In Levitical law, the entrails and the fat surrounding them were to be burned on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the Lord (Leviticus 3:3-5). This act symbolized purification and dedication, as the entrails were associated with the innermost parts of a being, representing the heart and soul's devotion to God.

the kidneys,
The kidneys were often associated with the innermost thoughts and emotions in Hebrew culture. In sacrificial terms, offering the kidneys symbolized the surrender of one's deepest feelings and intentions to God. The kidneys' inclusion in the sacrifice highlights the comprehensive nature of the offering, encompassing both physical and spiritual aspects of devotion.

and the lobe of the liver—
The lobe of the liver was another part of the animal that was burned on the altar. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the liver was sometimes used in divination practices, but in the Israelite sacrificial system, it was offered to God, signifying the relinquishment of control over one's future and destiny to the divine will. This act of offering the liver lobe further emphasizes the theme of total surrender and trust in God's providence.

and placed these on the breasts.
In the context of Leviticus 9, the phrase refers to the specific parts of the sacrificial animal that were set aside during the ordination of Aaron and his sons. The "breasts" were part of the peace offering, which was a communal meal shared between the priests and the offerer, symbolizing fellowship with God. The act of placing these parts on the breasts signifies the separation of portions meant for the priests, as outlined in Leviticus 7:31-34. This practice highlights the provision for the priesthood and the importance of sharing in the sacrificial meal, which prefigures the communal aspect of the Lord's Supper in the New Testament (1 Corinthians 10:16-17).

Aaron burned the fat portions on the altar,
The burning of the fat portions on the altar was a critical part of the sacrificial process. In ancient Israelite culture, the fat was considered the best part of the animal and was reserved for God, symbolizing the offering of the best to the Lord. This act of burning the fat was a pleasing aroma to God, as mentioned in Leviticus 3:16. The altar, located in the Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and sacrifice, representing God's presence among His people. The burning of the fat portions can be seen as a type of Christ's ultimate sacrifice, where He offered Himself wholly to God, fulfilling the sacrificial system and providing a way for humanity to be reconciled to God (Hebrews 10:10-14).

but he waved the breasts and the right thigh as a wave offering before the LORD
In the Levitical sacrificial system, the wave offering was a specific type of offering where parts of the sacrifice were presented before the LORD by waving them. The breasts and the right thigh were portions of the peace offering, which symbolized fellowship and thanksgiving. The act of waving signified presenting the offering to God and acknowledging His provision. This ritual was part of the consecration of Aaron and his sons as priests, marking their official service to God. The wave offering also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself wholly to God, fulfilling the law and establishing a new covenant.

as Moses had commanded
Moses, as the mediator of the Old Covenant, received direct instructions from God regarding the sacrificial system and the consecration of the priesthood. His command ensured that the rituals were performed according to divine ordinance, maintaining the holiness and order required by God. This obedience to God's command highlights the importance of following divine instructions precisely, a theme that runs throughout Scripture. It also points to Jesus, who perfectly fulfilled the law and the prophets, obeying the Father in every aspect of His earthly ministry. Moses' role as a leader and lawgiver is a type of Christ, who is the ultimate Prophet, Priest, and King.

Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them.
In the ancient Near Eastern context, lifting hands was a common gesture of blessing and prayer. Aaron, as the high priest, performed this act to convey God's favor and peace upon the Israelites. This blessing signifies the completion of the sacrificial rituals and the acceptance of the offerings by God. The act of blessing is reminiscent of the priestly blessing found in Numbers 6:22-27, where God instructs Aaron and his sons on how to bless the Israelites. This moment foreshadows the role of Jesus Christ as the ultimate High Priest, who intercedes and blesses His people (Hebrews 7:25-26).

And having made the sin offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offering,
These offerings were central to the Levitical sacrificial system. The sin offering was for atonement and purification from sin, highlighting the need for repentance and forgiveness. The burnt offering symbolized complete dedication to God, as the entire animal was consumed by fire. The peace offering, also known as the fellowship offering, represented reconciliation and communion with God. Together, these offerings illustrate the comprehensive nature of atonement and worship in Israelite religion. They prefigure the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who fulfills all these offerings through His death and resurrection, providing complete atonement and peace with God (Hebrews 10:10-14).

he stepped down.
This phrase indicates the conclusion of the sacrificial ceremony. Aaron stepping down signifies the completion of his priestly duties at the altar. It also marks the transition from the sacrificial act to the reception of God's presence and blessing. In a broader theological sense, this act can be seen as a type of Christ, who, after offering Himself as the perfect sacrifice, ascended to the Father and now intercedes for believers (Hebrews 9:24). The stepping down also emphasizes the accessibility of God's presence to the people, as the high priest mediates between God and Israel, a role ultimately fulfilled by Christ.

Moses and Aaron then entered the Tent of Meeting.
This phrase highlights the leadership roles of Moses and Aaron in the Israelite community. The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. It was a portable sanctuary used during the wilderness wanderings. Moses and Aaron entering the Tent signifies their roles as mediators between God and the people. This act also underscores the importance of approaching God with reverence and obedience, as the Tent was where God communicated His will. The Tent of Meeting is a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem and symbolizes the presence of God among His people, foreshadowing the ultimate mediation of Jesus Christ, who is described as the true Tabernacle in John 1:14.

When they came out, they blessed the people,
The blessing of the people by Moses and Aaron signifies the completion of the sacrificial rituals and God's acceptance of the offerings. In the Old Testament, blessings were a way to convey God's favor and presence. This act of blessing is reminiscent of the priestly blessing found in Numbers 6:24-26, which invokes God's protection, grace, and peace. The role of the priest as a mediator who blesses the people points to Jesus Christ, our High Priest, who blesses believers with spiritual blessings (Ephesians 1:3).

and the glory of the LORD appeared to all the people.
The appearance of the glory of the LORD is a theophany, a visible manifestation of God's presence. In the context of Leviticus, this event confirms God's acceptance of the sacrifices and His presence among the Israelites. The glory of the LORD often appeared as a cloud or fire, symbolizing His holiness and power (Exodus 24:16-17). This manifestation reassured the people of God's covenantal relationship with them. The glory of the LORD is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who is described as the radiance of God's glory (Hebrews 1:3). The presence of God's glory among the people foreshadows the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in believers, as seen in the New Testament.

Fire came out from the presence of the LORD
This phrase signifies a divine act of approval and presence. In the context of the Old Testament, fire often symbolizes God's holiness and power, as seen in Exodus 3:2 with the burning bush and in 1 Kings 18:38 with Elijah's sacrifice. The fire coming from the LORD indicates His acceptance of the offerings and His presence among the Israelites, affirming the consecration of Aaron and his sons as priests.

and consumed the burnt offering and the fat portions on the altar.
The consumption of the offering by divine fire demonstrates God's acceptance of the sacrifice. The burnt offering, a key element of the Levitical sacrificial system, symbolizes atonement and dedication to God. The fat portions, considered the best part of the animal, were reserved for God alone (Leviticus 3:16). This act prefigures the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself wholly to God for the atonement of humanity's sins (Hebrews 10:10).

And when all the people saw it,
The witnessing of this event by the entire assembly underscores the communal aspect of worship and the importance of public acknowledgment of God's presence and power. It serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility of the Israelites to uphold the covenant with God.

they shouted for joy
The people's reaction of joy reflects their recognition of God's favor and the successful inauguration of the priestly ministry. This joy is akin to the rejoicing seen in other biblical instances of divine intervention and blessing, such as the return of the Ark of the Covenant in 1 Samuel 6:13.

and fell facedown.
Falling facedown is an act of worship, reverence, and submission, acknowledging God's holiness and authority. This posture is seen throughout Scripture in moments of divine revelation or presence, such as in Genesis 17:3 with Abraham and in Revelation 7:11 with the angels. It signifies the appropriate human response to encountering the divine.