Now Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu
Nadab and Abihu were the eldest sons of Aaron, the first high priest of Israel, and nephews of Moses. As members of the priestly family, they held significant roles in the religious life of Israel. Their lineage is important as it highlights the gravity of their actions, given their close proximity to the divine instructions delivered through Moses. Their actions serve as a cautionary tale about the responsibilities and expectations placed upon those in spiritual leadership.

took their censers
Censers were vessels used to hold burning coals and incense, integral to the priestly duties in the tabernacle. The use of censers was a sacred act, symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God. The fact that Nadab and Abihu took their censers indicates they were performing a priestly function, but their approach was flawed, highlighting the importance of adhering to divine instructions in worship.

put fire in them and added incense
The act of putting fire and incense in the censers was part of the ritualistic duties of the priests. However, the source of the fire was crucial. According to Levitical law, the fire for incense was to be taken from the altar of burnt offering, which was kindled by God Himself (Leviticus 9:24). This detail underscores the necessity of following God's specific instructions in worship practices.

and offered unauthorized fire before the LORD
The term "unauthorized fire" indicates that Nadab and Abihu used fire that was not sanctioned by God. This act of disobedience was a direct violation of the divine command and demonstrated a lack of reverence for God's holiness. The incident serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience and the consequences of deviating from God's prescribed ways.

contrary to His command
This phrase emphasizes the disobedience of Nadab and Abihu. God's commands regarding worship were clear and specific, and any deviation was considered a serious offense. This incident foreshadows the New Testament teaching that true worship must be conducted "in spirit and truth" (John 4:24). It also points to the necessity of Christ's perfect obedience, as He fulfilled the law and provided the ultimate sacrifice for sin.

So fire came out from the presence of the LORD
This phrase indicates a direct and immediate divine response. In the context of Leviticus, the presence of the LORD often refers to the Holy of Holies, where God's glory dwelt among the Israelites. The fire symbolizes God's holiness and judgment, reminiscent of the fire that consumed the burnt offering in Leviticus 9:24, which was a sign of God's acceptance. Here, however, it signifies His judgment against unauthorized worship. This event parallels the fire that consumed Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24) and the fire that will come in the end times as a form of divine judgment (2 Thessalonians 1:7-8).

and consumed them
The consumption by fire indicates total destruction, emphasizing the severity of the offense. Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, offered unauthorized fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded (Leviticus 10:1). This act of disobedience and irreverence in worship led to their immediate death. The consuming fire serves as a warning about the holiness of God and the importance of approaching Him with reverence and obedience. This concept is echoed in Hebrews 12:29, which states, "For our God is a consuming fire."

and they died in the presence of the LORD
Their death in the presence of the LORD underscores the seriousness of their transgression. Being in the presence of the LORD was a privilege and a responsibility, as seen in the role of the priests who ministered before Him. The immediate death of Nadab and Abihu serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and disobedience, especially for those who are called to lead in worship. This incident foreshadows the ultimate judgment for sin, which is death (Romans 6:23), and highlights the need for a mediator, fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who provides a way for humanity to approach God with confidence (Hebrews 4:14-16).

Then Moses said to Aaron
Moses, as the leader and prophet of Israel, often served as the intermediary between God and the people. Here, he addresses Aaron, the high priest, who has just experienced the tragic loss of his sons, Nadab and Abihu. This moment underscores the gravity of the priestly role and the need for strict adherence to God's commands.

“This is what the LORD meant when He said:
This phrase indicates that God had previously communicated His expectations regarding holiness and reverence. It suggests that the events leading up to this moment were a fulfillment of divine warning or instruction, emphasizing the importance of understanding and obeying God's word.

‘To those who come near Me I will show My holiness,
The phrase "come near Me" refers to the priests who serve in the tabernacle, highlighting the sacred responsibility of those who approach God. God's holiness is a central theme in Leviticus, and this statement reinforces the idea that His presence demands reverence and purity. The incident with Nadab and Abihu serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of failing to honor God's holiness.

and in the sight of all the people I will reveal My glory.’”
God's glory is often associated with His manifest presence and power. By revealing His glory, God demonstrates His authority and the seriousness of His commands. This public display serves as a lesson to the entire community about the sanctity of worship and the need for obedience.

But Aaron remained silent.
Aaron's silence can be seen as an expression of submission and acceptance of God's judgment. In the face of personal tragedy, Aaron's response reflects a deep reverence for God's sovereignty and an understanding of the gravity of the situation. This moment also highlights the tension between personal grief and the responsibilities of spiritual leadership.

Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan
Moses, as the leader and prophet, takes immediate action following the divine judgment on Nadab and Abihu. Mishael and Elzaphan are Levites, specifically from the clan of Kohath, which is significant as the Kohathites were responsible for the most sacred duties in the tabernacle. Their summoning indicates the importance of maintaining holiness and order in the camp.

sons of Aaron’s uncle Uzziel
Uzziel was the brother of Amram, Moses and Aaron's father, making Mishael and Elzaphan first cousins to Aaron's sons. This familial connection underscores the communal and familial responsibilities within the Israelite camp. It also highlights the importance of kinship in maintaining the sanctity of the priestly duties.

and said to them, “Come here;
Moses' directive is immediate and authoritative, reflecting the urgency of the situation. The command to "come here" signifies the need for swift action to prevent further defilement of the sanctuary area.

carry the bodies of your cousins
The bodies referred to are those of Nadab and Abihu, who were struck down by God for offering unauthorized fire. The task of carrying the bodies is given to relatives, which maintains the purity laws by preventing the priests from becoming ceremonially unclean through contact with the dead.

outside the camp,
The instruction to take the bodies outside the camp aligns with the Levitical laws concerning cleanliness and the handling of dead bodies. The camp represents the dwelling place of God among His people, and anything unclean must be removed to preserve the holiness of the community.

away from the front of the sanctuary.”
This phrase emphasizes the sanctity of the sanctuary area, where God's presence dwelt. The removal of the bodies from this holy space is crucial to maintaining the reverence and purity required in worship. It also serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disobedience to God's commands.

So they came forward
This phrase refers to the actions of Mishael and Elzaphan, the cousins of Nadab and Abihu, who were called by Moses to remove the bodies of the deceased priests. This act of coming forward signifies obedience to Moses' command and a willingness to serve in a difficult situation. It highlights the importance of following divine instructions, even when the task is unpleasant or challenging.

and carried them
The act of carrying Nadab and Abihu's bodies indicates the seriousness of their offense and the immediate need to remove the impurity from the holy area. In ancient Israelite culture, touching a dead body rendered a person ceremonially unclean, yet this task was necessary to maintain the sanctity of the tabernacle. This reflects the gravity of sin and its consequences, as well as the need for purification and separation from sin.

still in their tunics
The mention of the tunics emphasizes that Nadab and Abihu were still in their priestly garments when they died. This detail underscores the abruptness of their judgment and serves as a reminder of the holiness required of those who serve before God. The tunics, part of the priestly attire, symbolize their consecration and the expectation of purity and obedience in their service.

outside the camp
Removing the bodies outside the camp signifies the removal of impurity from the community. In the Israelite camp, the presence of God dwelled in the tabernacle, and anything unclean had to be taken outside to preserve the holiness of the camp. This act foreshadows the concept of Jesus Christ being crucified outside the city, bearing the sins of the world and taking impurity upon Himself to sanctify believers.

as Moses had directed
This phrase highlights Moses' role as the mediator between God and the people, ensuring that God's commands are followed precisely. It reflects the importance of leadership and obedience in maintaining the covenant relationship with God. Moses' direction is a reminder of the need for adherence to divine instructions and the consequences of deviating from them.

Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar
Moses, as the leader and prophet, communicates God's commands directly to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar. This highlights the hierarchical structure of leadership and priesthood established by God. Aaron, as the high priest, and his sons, as priests, are set apart for sacred duties. The mention of Eleazar and Ithamar is significant as they are the surviving sons after the death of Nadab and Abihu, emphasizing the continuity of the priestly line despite tragedy.

Do not let your hair become disheveled
In ancient Near Eastern cultures, disheveled hair was a sign of mourning and distress. Priests were required to maintain a certain appearance to reflect their holy status and the orderliness of God. This command underscores the importance of maintaining dignity and reverence in their service, even in times of personal grief.

and do not tear your garments
Tearing garments was a traditional expression of mourning and lamentation. By prohibiting this act, God is instructing the priests to prioritize their sacred duties over personal sorrow. This command reflects the need for the priests to remain focused on their divine responsibilities, symbolizing the separation between the holy and the common.

or else you will die
This severe consequence underscores the holiness required of those who serve in God's presence. The priests' actions are a matter of life and death, illustrating the seriousness of their role and the sanctity of God's commands. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience, as seen in the deaths of Nadab and Abihu.

and the LORD will be angry with the whole congregation
The priests' actions have communal implications. Their disobedience could bring divine wrath upon the entire nation, highlighting the interconnectedness of the community and the representative role of the priests. This reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where the actions of a few can impact the many.

But your brothers, the whole house of Israel, may mourn
While the priests are restricted from mourning, the rest of the Israelites are permitted to express their grief. This distinction emphasizes the unique role of the priesthood and the communal nature of Israel's relationship with God. It also shows compassion, allowing the community to process the loss and the seriousness of the divine judgment.

on account of the fire that the LORD has ignited
The fire represents God's judgment and holiness. It serves as a reminder of the divine presence and the consequences of approaching God improperly. This event foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who perfectly fulfills the requirements of holiness and mediates between God and humanity, taking upon Himself the judgment deserved by all.

You shall not go outside the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
This command was given to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, after the death of Nadab and Abihu. The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. The priests were required to remain at the entrance to fulfill their duties and maintain the sanctity of the worship space. This command underscores the seriousness of their priestly responsibilities and the need for obedience to God's instructions. The Tent of Meeting was a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem and symbolized God's desire to dwell among His people, a theme that finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is described as "God with us" (Matthew 1:23).

or you will die
This severe warning highlights the holiness of God and the seriousness of approaching Him with reverence and obedience. The deaths of Nadab and Abihu, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord, serve as a stark reminder of the consequences of disobedience (Leviticus 10:1-2). The holiness required of the priests is a reflection of God's own holiness, and their role was to mediate between God and the people. This foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who perfectly mediates between God and humanity (Hebrews 4:14-16).

for the LORD’s anointing oil is on you.
The anointing oil was a symbol of consecration and the Holy Spirit's presence. It set the priests apart for their sacred duties and signified their special role in serving God and the community. The anointing oil's composition and use were strictly regulated (Exodus 30:22-33), emphasizing the sacredness of the priestly office. This anointing prefigures the anointing of Jesus by the Holy Spirit at His baptism (Matthew 3:16) and the anointing of believers with the Holy Spirit, marking them as God's chosen people (2 Corinthians 1:21-22).

So they did as Moses instructed.
This phrase indicates the obedience of Aaron and his sons to Moses' command, which was ultimately God's command. Their compliance demonstrates a recognition of the gravity of their roles and the importance of adhering to divine instructions. Moses, as the mediator of God's law, represents the authority of God's word, which the priests were to uphold. This obedience is a model for believers, who are called to live in accordance with God's word and the teachings of Christ (John 14:15).

Then the LORD said to Aaron,
This phrase marks a significant moment in the narrative of Leviticus, as it is one of the few instances where God directly speaks to Aaron, the High Priest. This direct communication underscores the gravity of the instructions that follow. Aaron, as the brother of Moses and the first High Priest, holds a unique position in Israelite society. His role is pivotal in maintaining the holiness and order of the tabernacle worship. The context here follows the tragic incident involving Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord and were consumed by fire as a result (Leviticus 10:1-2). This event highlights the seriousness of adhering to God's commands regarding worship and the priesthood.

In the broader biblical narrative, Aaron's role as High Priest is a type of Christ, who is our ultimate High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16). Just as Aaron was the mediator between God and the Israelites, Jesus serves as the mediator of the New Covenant. The direct communication from God to Aaron emphasizes the importance of the priestly office and foreshadows the perfect communication and relationship between God the Father and Jesus Christ.

The historical and cultural context of this passage is rooted in the ancient Near Eastern practices of priesthood and sacrificial systems. The Israelites were set apart from other nations by their unique covenant relationship with Yahweh, and the priesthood was central to maintaining this covenant. The instructions given to Aaron are part of the broader Levitical laws that establish the standards of holiness required for those who serve in the tabernacle.

Geographically, this event takes place in the wilderness, where the Israelites are journeying from Egypt to the Promised Land. The tabernacle, a portable sanctuary, serves as the focal point of God's presence among His people during this period. The precise adherence to God's instructions for worship and priestly conduct is crucial for maintaining the sanctity of this divine presence.

In summary, this phrase introduces a divine directive to Aaron, emphasizing the critical nature of his role and the necessity of obedience to God's commands. It serves as a reminder of the holiness required in approaching God, a theme that resonates throughout the book of Leviticus and the entire biblical narrative. You and your sons are not to drink wine or strong drink
This command is directed to Aaron and his sons, the priests, emphasizing the importance of maintaining holiness and clarity of mind while performing sacred duties. The prohibition against wine or strong drink highlights the need for sobriety in worship and service to God. In the ancient Near East, intoxicating beverages were common, but the priests were to set themselves apart, reflecting God's holiness. This command underscores the principle of being set apart for God's service, a theme that runs throughout Leviticus.

when you enter the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, was the central place of worship for the Israelites during their wilderness journey. It was where God's presence dwelt among His people, and where the priests performed their duties. Entering the Tent of Meeting required a state of ritual purity and reverence, as it was a place of divine encounter. This phrase emphasizes the sacredness of the space and the need for the priests to approach it with utmost respect and preparedness.

or else you will die
This severe consequence underscores the seriousness of the command. The holiness of God and the sanctity of the Tabernacle required strict adherence to His instructions. The death of Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's sons, earlier in Leviticus 10 serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of disobedience and irreverence. This warning reflects the broader biblical principle that sin leads to death, as seen in Romans 6:23, and highlights the need for obedience to God's commands.

this is a permanent statute
The term "permanent statute" indicates that this command was not temporary but was to be observed continually by the priestly line. It reflects the enduring nature of God's requirements for holiness and the ongoing need for the priests to maintain a standard of conduct that honors God. This concept of a lasting ordinance is seen throughout the Old Testament, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenant with His people.

for the generations to come
This phrase extends the command beyond Aaron and his immediate sons to all future generations of priests. It highlights the importance of passing down God's instructions and maintaining the integrity of worship practices. This continuity is crucial for preserving the faith and ensuring that each generation understands and upholds the standards set by God. The idea of generational faithfulness is echoed in Deuteronomy 6:6-7, where parents are instructed to teach God's commands to their children.

You must distinguish between the holy and the common
This command comes after the tragic incident involving Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's sons, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord and were consumed by fire as a result. The context emphasizes the importance of adhering to God's instructions regarding worship and the priesthood. The distinction between holy and common is foundational in Levitical law, underscoring the separation between what is consecrated to God and what is ordinary. This principle is seen throughout the Old Testament, where God calls His people to be set apart (Exodus 19:6). The concept of holiness is central to understanding God's nature and His expectations for His people. In the New Testament, believers are called to be holy as God is holy (1 Peter 1:16), reflecting this ongoing theme of separation and dedication to God.

between the clean and the unclean
The distinction between clean and unclean is a recurring theme in Leviticus, particularly in chapters 11-15, which detail dietary laws, purification rituals, and guidelines for dealing with various forms of impurity. These laws served to teach Israel about purity and the need for holiness in every aspect of life. The clean/unclean distinction also had practical implications for health and community living. In a broader theological sense, these laws pointed to the need for spiritual purity and foreshadowed the ultimate cleansing from sin through Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, Jesus fulfills and transcends these laws, declaring all foods clean (Mark 7:19) and offering purification through His sacrifice (Hebrews 9:13-14). The call to discern between clean and unclean remains relevant as a metaphor for moral and spiritual discernment in the life of a believer.

so that you may teach the Israelites
This phrase emphasizes the role of the priests as educators and spiritual leaders among the Israelites. The priests were responsible for instructing the people in the ways of God, ensuring that they understood His laws and commandments. This teaching role is foundational in maintaining the covenant relationship between God and His people. The importance of teaching is echoed in Deuteronomy 6:7, where parents are instructed to teach God's commandments to their children diligently. The role of teaching is also seen in the New Testament, where Jesus is often referred to as "Rabbi," meaning teacher, highlighting the continuity of this role in God's plan.

all the statutes
The term "statutes" refers to the specific laws and decrees given by God to the Israelites. These statutes covered various aspects of life, including moral, ceremonial, and civil laws. The comprehensive nature of these statutes underscores the holiness and order that God desired for His people. In Psalm 19:7-8, the statutes of the Lord are described as trustworthy and right, bringing joy to the heart. The statutes were not merely rules but were intended to guide the Israelites in living a life that reflected God's character and holiness.

that the LORD has given them
This phrase highlights the divine origin of the statutes. They were not man-made but were given by the LORD, the covenant name of God, signifying His authority and relationship with Israel. The giving of the law is a central theme in the Old Testament, with Mount Sinai being a pivotal moment where God delivered the Ten Commandments and other laws to Moses. This divine origin is crucial, as it establishes the authority and sacredness of the law, distinguishing it from other ancient legal codes.

through Moses
Moses is the mediator through whom God delivered His laws to the Israelites. His role as a prophet and leader is central to the narrative of the Exodus and the establishment of Israel as a nation. Moses' unique relationship with God is highlighted in passages like Numbers 12:6-8, where God speaks to Moses face to face. Moses is a type of Christ, as both serve as mediators between God and His people. In the New Testament, Jesus is seen as the fulfillment of the law and the prophets, bringing a new covenant through His life, death, and resurrection.

And Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar
This phrase highlights the aftermath of the tragic event where Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's other sons, were consumed by fire for offering unauthorized fire before the LORD (Leviticus 10:1-2). Moses, as the leader and mediator, addresses Aaron and his surviving sons, emphasizing the continuity of priestly duties despite personal loss. Eleazar and Ithamar are now the focus, stepping into roles of greater responsibility. This reflects the importance of obedience and reverence in the priestly office, a theme consistent throughout Leviticus.

Take the grain offering that remains from the food offerings to the LORD
The grain offering, or "minchah," was a vital part of the sacrificial system, symbolizing dedication and thanksgiving to God. It was made of fine flour, oil, and frankincense, and a portion was burned on the altar while the rest was for the priests (Leviticus 2). This offering represents the sustenance provided by God and the priest's role in mediating between God and the people. The phrase underscores the continuity of worship practices even in times of crisis.

and eat it without leaven beside the altar
Eating without leaven signifies purity and separation from sin, as leaven often symbolizes corruption or sin in Scripture (1 Corinthians 5:6-8). Consuming the offering beside the altar indicates the sacredness of the act, performed in the presence of God. This practice foreshadows the sinless nature of Christ, the ultimate High Priest, who offers Himself as the perfect sacrifice (Hebrews 7:26-27).

because it is most holy
The designation "most holy" signifies the highest level of sanctity, reserved for offerings that are directly associated with the altar and God's presence. This underscores the seriousness of the priestly duties and the need for holiness in approaching God. The concept of holiness is central to Leviticus, reflecting God's nature and His call for His people to be holy (Leviticus 19:2). This holiness is ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who embodies perfect holiness and enables believers to approach God (Hebrews 10:19-22).

You shall eat it in a holy place
This command refers to the consumption of the priestly portions of the sacrifices, specifically the grain offerings and portions of the peace offerings. The "holy place" is likely the courtyard of the Tabernacle, where the priests were to consume these offerings. This requirement underscores the sanctity of the offerings and the holiness required of the priests. Eating in a holy place signifies the separation from the common and the profane, emphasizing the need for purity and reverence in worship. This practice foreshadows the New Testament teaching of the believer's body as a temple of the Holy Spirit, calling for holiness in all aspects of life (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

because it is your share and your sons’ share of the food offerings to the LORD
The priests and their families were provided for through the offerings brought by the Israelites. This provision was a practical means of support, as the tribe of Levi did not receive a land inheritance like the other tribes (Numbers 18:20-24). The food offerings symbolize the people's dedication to God, and the priests' consumption of these offerings represents their role as mediators between God and Israel. This sharing of the offerings points to the communal aspect of worship and the interdependence of the community of faith.

for this is what I have been commanded
This phrase highlights the divine authority behind the instructions given to the priests. The commands were not arbitrary but were given by God to Moses, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's word. This obedience is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, illustrating the relationship between God and His people. The command also reflects the order and structure God established for worship, which is fulfilled in Christ, who perfectly obeyed the Father and became the ultimate sacrifice for sin (Hebrews 10:5-10).

And you and your sons and daughters may eat the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution
This phrase indicates the specific portions of the sacrificial offerings that were designated for the priests and their families. The "breast of the wave offering" and the "thigh of the contribution" were parts of the peace offerings, which were shared between the altar, the priests, and the offerer. The wave offering involved the priest waving the portion before the Lord, symbolizing its presentation to God and His acceptance. This practice highlights the provision for the priestly family, ensuring their sustenance as they served in the tabernacle. The inclusion of "sons and daughters" emphasizes the communal and familial aspect of worship and provision.

in a ceremonially clean place
The requirement for a "ceremonially clean place" underscores the importance of maintaining ritual purity, which was central to the Levitical law. Eating in a clean place ensured that the sanctity of the offering was preserved. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and separation from impurity, which is a recurring theme throughout Leviticus. The emphasis on cleanliness can be seen as a type pointing to the purity required by God, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who is the perfect High Priest.

because these portions have been assigned to you and your children
The assignment of these portions to the priests and their families was a divine ordinance, reflecting God's provision for those who ministered before Him. This allocation was not merely a practical measure but a sacred duty, reinforcing the idea that those who serve God are worthy of their sustenance. This principle is echoed in the New Testament, where Paul writes about the rights of those who preach the gospel to receive their living from it (1 Corinthians 9:13-14).

from the peace offerings of the sons of Israel
The peace offerings, also known as fellowship offerings, were unique in that they symbolized reconciliation and communion with God. They were voluntary offerings, expressing gratitude, vows, or freewill devotion. The "sons of Israel" refers to the entire community of God's people, indicating that the offerings were a collective act of worship. This communal aspect of the peace offerings points to the unity and fellowship among God's people, a theme that is fulfilled in the New Testament church, where believers are called to live in peace and unity through Christ.

They are to bring the thigh of the contribution and the breast of the wave offering
In the Levitical sacrificial system, specific portions of the offerings were designated for the priests. The "thigh of the contribution" and the "breast of the wave offering" were parts of the peace offerings. The thigh, often referred to as the "heave offering," was lifted up as a symbolic gesture of presenting it to God. The breast was waved before the Lord, signifying its dedication. This practice underscored the priests' role as mediators between God and the people, receiving sustenance from the offerings. The allocation of these portions to the priests is also seen in Numbers 18:11, highlighting the provision for those serving in the tabernacle.

together with the fat portions of the food offerings
The fat portions were considered the best parts of the animal and were always burned on the altar as an offering to God (Leviticus 3:16). This act symbolized giving the best to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and holiness. The burning of the fat was a pleasing aroma to the Lord, representing the worshiper's devotion. The separation of the fat for God and the meat for the priests illustrates the principle of honoring God first before partaking in His blessings.

to wave as a wave offering before the LORD
The wave offering involved a specific ritual where the priest would move the offering back and forth before the altar. This act symbolized presenting the offering to God and then receiving it back as a gift. The wave offering was a public declaration of God's provision and the community's dependence on Him. It also served as a reminder of God's presence among His people, as seen in Exodus 29:24-26, where the wave offering is part of the consecration of Aaron and his sons.

It will belong permanently to you and your children
This phrase establishes the perpetual right of the priests to these portions of the offerings. It ensured that the priests and their families were provided for, as they had no inheritance of land like the other tribes (Deuteronomy 18:1-2). This provision was a practical expression of God's care for those who served Him full-time. It also foreshadows the eternal priesthood of Christ, who provides for His people continually (Hebrews 7:24-25).

as the LORD has commanded.
The phrase emphasizes the divine authority behind the instructions. The commands regarding offerings were not merely ritualistic but were ordained by God to maintain holiness and order in worship. This obedience to God's commands is a recurring theme in Leviticus, highlighting the importance of following God's statutes precisely. It reflects the broader biblical principle that God's commands are for the good of His people, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:24, and points to the ultimate fulfillment of the law in Christ, who perfectly obeyed the Father's will (John 6:38).

Later, Moses searched carefully for the goat of the sin offering
Moses, as the leader and mediator between God and the Israelites, was responsible for ensuring that the sacrificial laws were followed precisely. The sin offering was a critical component of the sacrificial system, designed to atone for unintentional sins and maintain the holiness of the community. The goat, as a sin offering, was to be eaten by the priests in a holy place, symbolizing the bearing of the people's sins. This search indicates Moses' diligence in upholding God's commands, reflecting the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement.

and behold, it had been burned up
The burning of the sin offering outside the camp was reserved for specific circumstances, such as when the blood was brought into the sanctuary (Leviticus 6:30). The fact that the goat was burned instead of eaten suggests a deviation from the prescribed ritual. This act could symbolize the complete removal of sin, but in this context, it indicates a failure to follow God's instructions. The burning up of the offering without the priests partaking in it could signify a loss of the intended fellowship and atonement.

He was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons
Eleazar and Ithamar, as Aaron's surviving sons, were responsible for carrying out the priestly duties after the death of their brothers Nadab and Abihu, who were consumed by fire for offering unauthorized incense (Leviticus 10:1-2). Moses' anger reflects the gravity of their oversight or disobedience. The priesthood was a sacred office, and any deviation from God's commands was taken seriously, as it could lead to dire consequences for the community. This incident underscores the importance of obedience and reverence in worship.

and asked
Moses' questioning of Eleazar and Ithamar highlights the need for accountability among the leaders of Israel. It also serves as a teaching moment, emphasizing the importance of understanding and adhering to God's laws. This inquiry is not just about seeking an explanation but also about reinforcing the sanctity of the priestly duties and the sacrificial system. Moses' role as a leader involved guiding and correcting the priests to ensure that the community remained in right standing with God.

Why didn’t you eat the sin offering in the holy place?
This question is posed by Moses to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, after the death of Nadab and Abihu. The sin offering, according to Levitical law, was to be consumed by the priests in a designated holy area within the tabernacle complex. This act symbolized the priests' role in bearing the sins of the people and facilitating atonement. The failure to eat the offering in the prescribed manner could signify a breach of ritual purity and obedience, which was critical in maintaining the sanctity of the tabernacle and the community's relationship with God.

For it is most holy;
The designation "most holy" indicates the highest level of sanctity attributed to certain offerings, requiring strict adherence to divine instructions. This classification underscores the offering's role in the sacred rituals of atonement and reconciliation with God. The term "most holy" is used to emphasize the seriousness and the divine nature of the offering, setting it apart from other sacrifices and requiring it to be handled with utmost reverence and care.

it was given to you to take away the guilt of the congregation
The sin offering was a provision from God to the priests, enabling them to mediate between the Israelites and God. By consuming the offering, the priests symbolically absorbed the people's sins, facilitating their removal and the restoration of communal purity. This reflects the broader biblical theme of substitutionary atonement, where the innocent bears the guilt of the guilty, prefiguring the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who takes away the sins of the world.

by making atonement for them before the LORD.
Atonement involves reconciliation between God and humanity, achieved through prescribed sacrificial rituals. The priests' role in making atonement was central to maintaining the covenant relationship between Israel and God. This phrase highlights the mediatory function of the priesthood, which finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, the great High Priest, who offers Himself as the perfect atoning sacrifice, reconciling humanity to God once and for all.

Since its blood was not brought inside the holy place
In the Levitical sacrificial system, the handling of blood was of utmost importance. Blood symbolized life and atonement (Leviticus 17:11). The blood of certain offerings, such as the sin offering, was to be brought into the holy place and sprinkled before the veil or on the altar of incense (Leviticus 4:6-7). This specific instruction highlights the gravity of the priests' role in mediating between God and the people. The failure to bring the blood inside the holy place in this instance indicates a deviation from the prescribed ritual, which was crucial for maintaining the sanctity and order of worship.

you should have eaten it in the sanctuary area
The consumption of the sin offering by the priests was a significant part of the atonement process (Leviticus 6:26). Eating the offering in the sanctuary area signified the priests' participation in the people's atonement and their role in bearing the iniquity of the congregation (Leviticus 10:17). This act also reinforced the holiness required of the priests, as they were to consume the offering in a holy place, emphasizing their consecration and the sacredness of their duties.

as I commanded.
God's commands regarding the sacrificial system were detailed and specific, reflecting His holiness and the need for order in worship. The phrase underscores the importance of obedience to God's instructions, as deviation could lead to severe consequences, as seen earlier in the chapter with Nadab and Abihu (Leviticus 10:1-2). This command also points to the broader biblical theme of obedience as a demonstration of faith and reverence for God (1 Samuel 15:22). The priests' adherence to these commands was essential for maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel.

But Aaron replied to Moses
Aaron, the brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel, is responding to Moses' inquiry. This interaction occurs after the tragic death of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord. Aaron's response is significant as it reflects his role as a mediator between God and the people, and his deep understanding of the priestly duties and the gravity of the situation. This moment highlights the importance of obedience and reverence in worship, a theme that runs throughout Leviticus.

Behold, this very day they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD
The sin offering and burnt offering were central to the sacrificial system established by God for Israel. The sin offering was meant to atone for unintentional sins, while the burnt offering symbolized complete dedication to God. Aaron emphasizes that these offerings were made "before the LORD," indicating their sacredness and the necessity of following divine instructions precisely. This phrase underscores the seriousness of worship and the need for purity and holiness in approaching God, as seen in other scriptures like Hebrews 9:22, which speaks of the necessity of blood for atonement.

Since these things have happened to me
Aaron refers to the death of his sons, a personal tragedy that also serves as a public lesson on the holiness required in the priesthood. This phrase reflects the human aspect of Aaron's role and the emotional weight of his responsibilities. It also points to the broader biblical theme of suffering and the testing of faith, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like Job and Joseph. Aaron's experience can be seen as a type of Christ, who also suffered and bore the weight of sin, though without fault.

if I had eaten the sin offering today
According to Levitical law, the priests were to eat portions of certain offerings as part of the ritual process (Leviticus 6:26). Aaron's hesitation to eat the sin offering reflects his concern for maintaining ritual purity and his awareness of the spiritual state required to partake in such a sacred act. This moment foreshadows the New Testament understanding of communion, where believers are called to examine themselves before partaking in the Lord's Supper (1 Corinthians 11:28).

would it have been acceptable in the sight of the LORD?
Aaron's rhetorical question highlights his deep reverence for God's holiness and his fear of offending the Lord through improper actions. This concern for acceptability before God is a recurring theme in scripture, emphasizing the need for a pure heart and right intentions in worship (Psalm 51:17). It also points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose offering was fully acceptable to God, providing eternal redemption for humanity (Hebrews 10:10-14).

And when Moses heard this explanation
Moses, as the leader and mediator between God and the Israelites, often had to make judgments and decisions based on the law given to him. In the context of Leviticus 10, Moses is dealing with the aftermath of the deaths of Nadab and Abihu, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord. The explanation he hears comes from Aaron, who is justifying why he and his remaining sons did not eat the sin offering. This moment highlights Moses' role as a listener and judge, emphasizing the importance of understanding and applying God's law correctly. It also reflects the tension between strict adherence to ritual and the compassionate understanding of human circumstances.

he was satisfied
Moses' satisfaction indicates his acceptance of Aaron's reasoning, which suggests that Aaron's explanation was in line with God's intentions, even if it deviated from the prescribed ritual. This moment underscores the flexibility within the law when it comes to matters of the heart and intention. It also points to the importance of discernment and wisdom in leadership. The satisfaction of Moses can be seen as a foreshadowing of the grace and understanding that Jesus Christ would later embody, fulfilling the law with compassion and mercy. Moses' acceptance here can be compared to instances in the New Testament where Jesus challenges the Pharisees' rigid interpretations of the law, emphasizing the spirit rather than the letter.