Lexical Summary Saddoukaios: Sadducee Original Word: Σαδδουκαῖος Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Sadducee. Probably from Sadok; a Sadducaean (i.e. Tsadokian), or follower of a certain heretical Israelite -- Sadducee. see GREEK Sadok HELPS Word-studies 4523 Saddoukaíos (of unknown origin) – Sadducee, i.e. a member of the Jewish sect known as the Sadducees. A Sadducee was a "member of the aristocratic party among the Jews, from whom the high-priests were almost invariably chosen" (Souter). For more discussion, see also 5330 /Pharisaíos ("a Pharisee"). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originprobably of Hebrew origin Tsadoq Definition a Sadducee, a member of a Jewish religious sect NASB Translation Sadducees (14). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4523: ΣαδδουκαῖοςΣαδδουκαῖος, Σαδδουκαιου, ὁ, a Sadducee, a member of the party of the Sadducees, who, distinguished for birth, wealth, and official position, and not averse to the favor of the Herod family and of the Romans, hated the common people, were the opponents of the Pharisees, and rejecting tradition (see παράδοσις, 2) acknowledged the authority of the O. T. alone in matters pertaining to faith and morals (Josephus, Antiquities 13, 10, 6); they denied not only the resurrection of the body (Matthew 22:23; Mark 12:18; Luke 20:27; Acts 23:8), but also the immortality of the soul and future retribution (ψυχῆς τέ τήν διαμονην καί τάς καθ' ᾅδου τιμωρίας καί τιμάς ἀναιρουσι, Josephus, b. j. 2, 8, 14, cf. Antiquities 18, 1, 4), as well as the existence of angels and spirits (Acts 23:8). They maintained man's freedom in opposition to the doctrine of divine predestination (according to Josephus, b. j. 2, 8, 14). They are mentioned in the N. T. (in addition to the one already referred to) in Matthew 3:7; Matthew 16:1, 6, 11f (in which passages they are associated apparently with the Pharisees contrary to the truth of history ((?) cf. the commentaries ad Iliad chapters)); Matthew 22:34; Acts 4:1; Acts 5:17; Acts 23:6f. The Sadducees derived their name apparently not from the Hebrew צַדִּיק, as though they boasted of being pre-eminently 'righteous' or 'upright' (since it cannot be shown that the vowel i ever passed over into u), but, according to a more probable conjecture now approved by many, from the Zadok (צָדוק, the Sept., Σαδδουκ), who was high priest in the time of David and exhibited special fidelity to the king and his house (2 Samuel 15:24ff; 1 Kings 1:32ff); hence, the posterity of this priest (צָדוק בְּנֵי, Ezekiel 40:46; Ezekiel 43:19; Ezekiel 44:15; Ezekiel 48:11) and all their adherents seem to have been called Σαδδουκαῖοι (צדוקים). Cf., besides others, Winers RWB, under the word, Sadducäer; Reuss in Herzog xiii., p. 289ff; (Sieffert in Herzog edition 2 xiii., pp. 210-244); Geiger, Sadduc. u. Pharisäer (Brsl. 1863); Keim, i., p. 273ff (English translation, i. (2nd edition), p. 353f); Hausrath in Schenkel iv., p. 518ff; Schürer, Ntl. Zeitgesch. 2te Aufl. § 26; Wellhausen, Pharis. u. Sadducäer (Greifsw. 1874); Oort, De oorsprong van den naam Sadducëen, in the Theolog. Tijdsehrift for 1876, p. 605ff; (Ginsburg, in Alexander's Kitto, under the word; Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, book iii., chapter ii.; Geikie, Life of Christ, chapter xlv. (cf. chapter v.); and B. D. American edition, under the word Topical Lexicon Name and general identity Strong’s Greek 4523 designates the Sadducees, a Jewish sect that flourished from the second century BC until the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. Their membership drew heavily from the high-priestly families and other aristocratic leaders who controlled Temple worship and collaborated closely with the Roman authorities. Historical setting • Origin: Probably linked to the Zadokite priestly line (1 Kings 2:35), the Sadducees rose to prominence during the Hasmonean period and dominated the Sanhedrin in the first century. Core beliefs and distinctive doctrines • Scripture: They accepted the written Torah as uniquely authoritative and rejected later oral traditions embraced by the Pharisees. Appearances in the Gospels 1. John the Baptist’s rebuke: “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?” (Matthew 3:7). The prophet exposes their reliance on heritage instead of repentance. Activity in Acts • Opposition to the apostles: “The priests … and the Sadducees came up to them, greatly disturbed that they were … proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection” (Acts 4:1-2). Their denial of resurrection leads to persecution of the Church. Theological significance 1. Resurrection as a watershed: The Sadducean denial confronts the heart of the gospel (1 Corinthians 15:12-19). Scripture presents resurrection hope as inseparable from covenant promises. Ministry lessons for today • Uphold the bodily resurrection as central to Christian proclamation and hope. Forms and Transliterations Σαδδουκαιοι Σαδδουκαῖοι Σαδδουκαιους Σαδδουκαίους Σαδδουκαιων Σαδδουκαίων σαδημώθ σαδηρώθ Saddoukaioi Saddoukaîoi Saddoukaion Saddoukaiōn Saddoukaíon Saddoukaíōn Saddoukaious SaddoukaíousLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Matthew 3:7 N-GMPGRK: Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων ἐρχομένους ἐπὶ NAS: of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming KJV: of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to INT: Pharisees and Sadducees coming to Matthew 16:1 N-NMP Matthew 16:6 N-GMP Matthew 16:11 N-GMP Matthew 16:12 N-GMP Matthew 22:23 N-NMP Matthew 22:34 N-AMP Mark 12:18 N-NMP Luke 20:27 N-GMP Acts 4:1 N-NMP Acts 5:17 N-GMP Acts 23:6 N-GMP Acts 23:7 N-GMP Acts 23:8 N-NMP Strong's Greek 4523 |
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