Lexical Summary tuptó: To strike, to beat, to smite Original Word: τύπτω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance beat, smite, strike, wound. A primary verb (in a strengthened form); to "thump", i.e. Cudgel or pummel (properly, with a stick or bastinado), but in any case by repeated blows; thus differing from paio and patasso, which denote a (usually single) blow with the hand or any instrument, or plesso with the fist (or a hammer), or rhapizo with the palm; as well as from tugchano, an accidental collision); by implication, to punish; figuratively, to offend (the conscience) -- beat, smite, strike, wound. see GREEK paio see GREEK patasso see GREEK plesso see GREEK rhapizo see GREEK tugchano NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. verb Definition to strike, smite, beat NASB Translation beat (3), beating (5), hits (1), strike (2), struck (1), wounding (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 5180: τύπτωτύπτω; imperfect ἔτυπτον; present passive infinitive τύπτεσθαι; from Homer down; the Sept. for חִכָּה; to strike, smite, beat (with a staff, a whip, the fist, the hand, etc.): τινα, Matthew 24:49; Luke 12:45; Acts 18:17; Acts 21:32; Acts 23:3; τό στόμα τίνος, Acts 23:2; τό πρόσωπον τίνος, Luke 22:64 (here L brackets; T Tr WH omit the clause); τινα ἐπί (Tdf. εἰς) τῇ σιαγόνα, Luke 6:29; εἰς τήν κεφαλήν τίνος, Matthew 27:30; (τήν κεφαλήν τίνος, Mark 15:19); ἑαυτῶν τά στήθη (Latinplangere pectora), of mourners, to smite their breasts, Luke 23:48; also ἔτυπτεν εἰς τό στῆθος, Luke 18:13 (but G L T Tr WH omit εἰς). God is said τύπτειν to smite one on whom he inflicts punitive evil, Acts 23:3 (Exodus 8:2; 2 Samuel 24:17; Ezekiel 7:9; 2 Macc. 3:39). to smite metaphorically, i. e. to wound, disquiet: τήν συνείδησιν τίνος, one's conscience, 1 Corinthians 8:12 (ἵνα τί τύπτει σε ἡ καρδία σου; 1 Samuel 1:8; τόν δέ ἄχος ὀξύ κατά φρένα τυψε βαθεῖαν, Homer, Iliad 19, 125; Καμβυσεα ἐτυψε ἡ ἀληθηιη τῶν λόγων, Herodotus 3, 64). Topical Lexicon Meaning within ScriptureWhile the verb pictures the literal act of striking with the fist, staff, or whip, its inspired usage extends to moral injury, social abuse, judicial punishment, and even self-smiting contrition. The action is always personal—never impersonal force—and therefore exposes the heart of the one striking as well as the condition of the one struck. Occurrences in the New Testament 1. Personal humility before God: Luke 18:13—“But the tax collector stood at a distance and would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast and said, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner.’ ” Physical Violence and the Passion of Christ The Gospels record Roman soldiers and Jewish guards repeatedly “striking” Jesus (Matthew 27:30; Mark 15:19; Luke 22:64). Their blows fulfill Isaiah 50:6, “I gave My back to those who strike,” revealing the voluntary suffering of the Servant. The verb underscores deliberate cruelty contrasted with Christ’s silent endurance (1 Peter 2:23). It also exposes the irony that sinful humanity raises a hand against the very One who bears its sins. Humility and Contrition Only the tax collector in Luke 18:13 turns the verb upon himself. Beating the breast was a Near-Eastern gesture of deep remorse. In the sole reflexive use (Acts 23:3, middle voice), Paul’s rebuke “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall!” carries the idea of divine retribution mirroring human wrongdoing. Thus τύπτω can mark both genuine repentance and divinely decreed recompense. Abuse of Authority and Eschatological Warning In Matthew 24:49 and Luke 12:45 the unfaithful servant “begins to beat his fellow servants.” The present infinitive portrays habitual tyranny springing from a heart that says, “My master is delayed.” The context connects such beating with drunkenness and neglect, foreshadowing certain judgment when the Master returns. Christian leadership must therefore reject any exploitative exercise of power (1 Peter 5:3). Persecution of Believers Acts 18:17 (Sosthenes in Corinth) and Acts 21:32 (Paul in Jerusalem) depict mobs striking Christ’s witnesses. Luke highlights the suddenness—“they ceased beating Paul”—when Roman troops intervene. These scenes confirm Jesus’ promise, “If they persecuted Me, they will persecute you also” (John 15:20). Yet persecution advances the gospel, for Sosthenes later appears as a brother in 1 Corinthians 1:1. Ethics of Non-Retaliation Luke 6:29 commands, “To the one who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also.” The verb grounds Christ’s radical call to return insult with grace, reflecting God’s kindness toward the ungrateful. Paul applies the same principle in 1 Corinthians 8:12: wounding weak consciences by unloving liberty is equivalent to “striking” Christ Himself. Violence can be enacted with words or actions; either betrays lovelessness. Public Lament After witnessing the crucifixion, “all the crowds… returned home beating their breasts” (Luke 23:48). The same gesture that marked the tax collector’s penitent heart now registers broad sorrow. Luke contrasts these mourners with the executioners, inviting readers to identify with genuine grief over sin’s cost. Old Testament Resonance The Septuagint frequently uses this verb for covenant curses (Deuteronomy 28:22), enemy oppression (Judges 3:31), and divinely sanctioned discipline (2 Samuel 7:14). Such background illumines New Testament scenes: earthly blows are never outside God’s sovereign plan; He judges, chastens, or saves through them. Theological Threads 1. Retributive Justice: God may “strike” oppressors just as they strike the innocent (Acts 23:3; Revelation 19:15, same root noun). Ministry Application • Guard the heart: physical or verbal striking reveals inner anger; believers are called to crucify such fleshly impulses (Galatians 5:24). Thus Strong’s Greek 5180 threads through the New Testament as a sober reminder of human violence, divine justice, and Christ’s redemptive endurance, calling every believer to walk in humility, mercy, and hope. Forms and Transliterations ετυπτε ετύπτε έτυπτε ἔτυπτε έτυπτεν ἔτυπτεν ετυπτον έτυπτον έτυπτόν ἔτυπτον τυπτε τύπτει τυπτειν τυπτείν τύπτειν τύπτεις τυπτεσθαι τύπτεσθαι τύπτετε τύπτοντα τύπτοντά τύπτοντάς τυπτοντες τύπτοντες τυπτοντι τύπτοντί τύπτοντος τύπτουσιν τύπτω τύπτων τυραννεί τυραννίδες etupten etupton etypten étypten etypton étypton tuptein tuptesthai tuptontes tuptonti typtein týptein typtesthai týptesthai typtontes týptontes typtonti týptontíLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Matthew 24:49 V-PNAGRK: καὶ ἄρξηται τύπτειν τοὺς συνδούλους NAS: and begins to beat his fellow slaves KJV: shall begin to smite [his] fellowservants, INT: and should begin to beat the fellow servants Matthew 27:30 V-IIA-3P Mark 15:19 V-IIA-3P Luke 6:29 V-PPA-DMS Luke 12:45 V-PNA Luke 18:13 V-IIA-3S Luke 22:64 V-IIA-3P Luke 23:48 V-PPA-NMP Acts 18:17 V-IIA-3P Acts 21:32 V-PPA-NMP Acts 23:2 V-PNA Acts 23:3 V-PNA Acts 23:3 V-PNM/P 1 Corinthians 8:12 V-PPA-NMP Strong's Greek 5180 |
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