Lexical Summary Gilad: Gilead Original Word: גִּלְעָד Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Gilead, Gileadite Probably from Gal'ed; Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites -- Gilead, Gileadite. see HEBREW Gal'ed NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom gala Definition a region in Pal., also the name of several Isr. NASB Translation Gilead (99), Gilead's (1), Gileadites (2), Jabesh-gilead* (12). Brown-Driver-Briggs גִּלְעָד proper name, of a location of mountain-range or hill-country, land & city, east of Jordan (compare Arabic  durus, fortis Frey, so Thes; HiGeschichte. Israel 26 compare same √ used of camel ( camelus robustus ac firmus, compare HomNS 144), whence camel hump, originally name of mountain) — ׳ג Genesis 37:25 79t. (mostly as proper name, masculine and in combination with other proper name, of a location compare below); ׳הַגּ Genesis 31:21 50t. (so usually as name of mountain and land); גִּלְעָ֫דָה Numbers 32:39; 1 Chronicles 27:21; הִגְּלְעָ֫דָה 2 Samuel 24:6; — Gilead, used of territory between the Arnon and the Jabbok, modern Bel‡a; also of that between the Jabbok and the Jarmuk, modern Jebel Ajlûn; also of the entire east Jordan land occupied by Israel, including both the parts just named (compare Di Genesis 31:54 Stu Judges 10:4; BdPal 178; also L. OliphantLand of Gilead, 1880); — 1 territory south of Jabbok, a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Numbers 32:29 (P), ׳אֶרֶץ ג Numbers 32:1 (JE), both connected with Reuben and Gad; so ׳חֲצִי הַר הַגּ Deuteronomy 3:12; ׳אֶרֶץ ג also 1 Chronicles 5:9 (of Reuben); 1 Kings 4:19 (of Sihon and Og); compare ׳אֶרֶץ גַּד וְג 1 Samuel 13:7; further, b. ׳הַגּ alone, Judges 10:17 (or possibly here name of city ?), Judges 11:29 (probably); also 1 Chronicles 5:10 (of Reuben) 1 Chronicles 5:16 (of Gad); compare חֲצִי וְעַד יַבֹּק ׳הַגּ Joshua 12:2 (of Sihon), so Joshua 12:5 (both D); c. similarly ׳ג alone (without article) in poetry Psalm 60:9 ("" Manasseh) = Psalm 108:9; but also in prose in phrases ׳שָׂרֵי ג Judges 10:18, ׳ישְׁבֵי ג Judges 10:18; Judges 11:8, ׳זִקְנֵי ג Judges 11:5,7,8,9,10,11, ׳אַנְשֵׁי ג Judges 12:4 (twice in verse); Judges 12:5; compare also d. עָרֵי ׳הַגּ Numbers 32:26 (J E; of Reuben and Gad); so of Jephthah's burial-place Judges 12:7; even כָּלעָֿרֵי ׳הַגּ Joshua 13:25 (P; of Gad); besides these, or particular cities, especially ׳רָאמֹת בַּגּ Deuteronomy 4:43 (of Gad); compare ׳רָאמוֺת בַּגּ Joshua 20:8 (P), 1 Chronicles 6:65 (of Gad), and ׳רָמֹת בַּגּ Joshua 21:38 (P); usually ׳רָמֹת ג 1 Kings 4:13; 1 Kings 22:3,4,6,12,15,20,29 2Chron 18:2; 18:3; 18:5; 18:11; 18:14; 18:19; 18:28; 2 Kings 8:28; 2 Kings 9:1; 2 Kings 9:4; 2 Kings 9:14; 2Chron 22:5; also ׳מִצְמֵּה ג Judges 11:29 (twice in verse); further ׳יַעְזֵיר ג 1 Chronicles 26:31. 2 Northern Gilead, a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Joshua 17:5,6 (J E; of Manasseh) compare Judges 10:4; 1 Chronicles 2:22 (both of Jair); ׳הַר הַגּ Genesis 31:21,23,25 (E); probably also ׳הַר ג (no article) Songs 4:1 (compare Songs 6:5 below). b. ׳הַגּ alone Numbers 32:40 (J E; of Machir) Joshua 17:1 (J E; id.) compare Joshua 13:11 (D) Deuteronomy 2:36; 1 Kings 4:13 (of Jair); Deuteronomy 3:15,16 (boundary of Reuben and Gad); probably also Songs 6:5 (compare Songs 4:1 above); compare ׳יֶתֶר הַגּ Deuteronomy 3:13; & ׳חֲצִי הַגּ Joshua 13:31 (P; of Machir); הַגִּלְעָ֫דָה 2 Samuel 24:6 (probably); compare also c. ׳ג (no article) probably Jeremiah 8:22; Jeremiah 46:11 (in both reference to צֳרִי balm, probably from the wooded Northern Gilead); similarly Jeremiah 22:6; and גִּלְעָ֫דָה 1 Chronicles 27:21 also Numbers 32:39 (J E; of Machir). d. in combination ׳יָבֵשׁ ג (city) Judges 21:8,9,10,12,14; 1 Samuel 11:1,9 ("" יָבֵשׁ alone) 1 Samuel 31:11 ("" id.) = 1 Chronicles 10:11; 2 Samuel 2:4,5; 2 Samuel 21:12; perhaps also ׳(מִ)תִּשְׁבֵּה ג 1 Kings 17:1 (emendation, after ᵐ5, Ew Th and others see VB); — compare further below 6. proper name, masculine below — Judges 7:3 ׳וְיִצְמֹּר מֵהַר הַגּ and let him depart from Mt. Gilead, apparently belongs here, but מֵהַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ is read by Cler Hi Gr Ke Be; against this compare Stu BuRS 112. 3 more Generally, of all Gilead, a. ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ Joshua 22:9,13,15,32 (P; of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh; opposed to land of Canaan); compare 2 Samuel 17:26; so ׳כָּלאֶֿרֶץ הַגּ 2 Kings 10:38. b. ׳אֶרֶץ ג (no article) Zechariah 10:10; compare ׳הַר אֶפְרַיִם וְג Jeremiah 50:19 ("" Carmel and Bashan); ׳ג alone, also Genesis 37:25; likewise Micah 7:14 ("" Carmel & Bashan, reference to fertility). c. ׳הַגּ alone, of Israel territory in General east of Jordan, Judges 10:8; compare 2 Samuel 2:9; 2 Kings 10:33 (of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh); ׳כָּלהַֿגּ Deuteronomy 3:10; אֶתכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳אֶתהַֿגּ Deuteronomy 34:1; ׳הַגּ also in General sense Ezekiel 47:18; 2 Kings 15:29 (?) Obadiah 19.. 4 ׳ג, name of a city Hosea 6:8 (& Judges 10:17 ? compare 1. a. above); — on the ruined cities Jil±âd, Jil±aud on the Jebel Jil±âd, north of Es-Sal‰, and south of Jabbo‡ see Di Genesis 31:54 & references 5 ׳אֶרֶץ הַגּ of Israelites living east of Jordan (as a whole) Judges 20:1; ׳הַגּ of people of Gilead Amos 1:3,13; so ׳ג Judges 5:17 (= גַּד), Judges 12:4,5 ("" ׳אַנְשֵׁי ג Judges 12:4; Judges 12:4; Judges 12:5) Hosea 12:12. compare also גִּלְעָדִי below 6 treated as proper name, masculine a. ׳ג, son of Machir & grandson of Manasseh Numbers 26:29 (twice in verse); Numbers 26:30; Numbers 27:1; Numbers 36:1; Joshua 17:3 (all P) 1 Chronicles 2:21,23; 1 Chronicles 7:14,17; once ׳הַגּ Joshua 17:1 (JE) compare Di; — reference in all these to Northern Gilead. b. father of Jephthah Judges 11:1,2; — reference to Gad (compare above especially below 5). c. 1 Chronicles 5:14 (a Gadite). Topical Lexicon Geographical Setting Situated east of the Jordan River, Gilead stretches roughly from the Sea of Galilee to the northern end of the Dead Sea, bounded westward by the Jordan and eastward by the plateau that rises toward the Syrian Desert. Two dominant north–south ridges, cut by the Jabbok and Yarmuk rivers, create a fertile, well-watered hill country famous for its flocks, forests of oak and terebinth, and the prized “balm of Gilead.” Because the term sometimes embraces the whole Transjordan (Joshua 22:9) and at other times only its central hill mass (Judges 5:17), context is essential in each of the approximately 134 occurrences. Patriarchal Foundations The name first appears when Jacob and Laban erect a heap of stones as a covenant boundary: “Laban said, ‘This heap is a witness between you and me this day.’ Therefore it was named Galeed” (Genesis 31:48). The site became a perpetual reminder that God watches over promises and preserves His people even in exile. Conquest and Tribal Allotment After Israel defeated Sihon and Og, Moses assigned the land to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh (Numbers 32; Deuteronomy 3). “So Moses gave Gilead to Machir son of Manasseh, and he settled there” (Numbers 32:40). Joshua later confirmed these borders (Joshua 13:24-31; 17:1-6). Ramoth Gilead, one of the six cities of refuge (Deuteronomy 4:43), highlights the region’s role as a place of asylum under God’s law. Military and Political History • Judges—From Gilead rose Jair (Judges 10:3-5) and Jephthah, who defeated Ammon (Judges 11). Cities and Sites Ramoth Gilead, Jabesh Gilead, Mahanaim, Mizpah (in Gilead), Peniel, Succoth, and Rogelim form a network of towns tied to sacrifice, sanctuary, and royal intrigue. Their accounts reveal that covenant life touches both sides of the Jordan. Notable Figures from Gilead • Jephthah the Gileadite—foreshadowing substitutionary sacrifice (Judges 11). Prophetic Oracles and Symbolism Gilead’s fertility became an indictment when moral corruption spread: “Gilead is a city of evildoers, tracked with footprints of blood” (Hosea 6:8). Jeremiah employs a double image—luxuriant forest and looming desolation: “You are like Gilead to Me…yet I will make you a desert” (Jeremiah 22:6). Zechariah envisions final restoration, “I will bring them…to the land of Gilead” (Zechariah 10:10), underscoring that judgment serves redemptive ends. The Balm of Gilead The resinous sap exported by Ishmaelite traders (Genesis 37:25) became a metaphor for healing grace. “Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there?” (Jeremiah 8:22). The implied answer—only the Lord heals the sin-wound—prepares hearts for the Great Physician. Theological Themes 1. Covenant Witness—Gilead’s first stone heap teaches accountability before God. Ministry Applications • God often fashions leaders in marginal places; obscurity is preparation, not disqualification. Select Key Passages Genesis 31:48; Numbers 32:1-42; Deuteronomy 3:12-17; Joshua 13:24-31; Judges 10:3-5; 11:1-33; 2 Samuel 17:24-29; 1 Kings 17:1; 22:1-40; Jeremiah 8:22; 22:6; Hosea 6:8; Zechariah 10:10. Gilead—land of witness, warfare, healing, and hope—stands as a living testimony that the Lord both judges and restores, shelters and sends, always true to His covenant promises. Forms and Transliterations בְּגִלְעָ֔ד בַּגִּלְעָ֑ד בַּגִּלְעָ֖ד בַּגִּלְעָ֗ד בַּגִּלְעָ֥ד בַּגִּלְעָֽד׃ בַּגִּלְעָד֙ בגלעד בגלעד׃ גִּלְעָ֑ד גִּלְעָ֔ד גִּלְעָ֔דָה גִּלְעָ֕ד גִּלְעָ֖ד גִּלְעָ֖דָה גִּלְעָ֗ד גִּלְעָ֛ד גִּלְעָ֜ד גִּלְעָ֤ד גִּלְעָ֥ד גִּלְעָ֧ד גִּלְעָֽד׃ גִּלְעָד֙ גִלְעָ֔ד גִלְעָ֖ד גִלְעָ֗ד גִלְעָ֛ד גִלְעָ֜ד גִלְעָ֨ד ׀ גִלְעָֽד׃ גִלְעָד֙ גִלְעָד֮ גלעד גלעד׃ גלעדה הַגִּלְעָ֑ד הַגִּלְעָ֔ד הַגִּלְעָ֔דָה הַגִּלְעָ֖ד הַגִּלְעָ֗ד הַגִּלְעָ֛ד הַגִּלְעָ֜ד הַגִּלְעָ֤ד הַגִּלְעָ֥ד הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ הַגִּלְעָד֙ הגלעד הגלעד׃ הגלעדה וְגִלְעָ֑ד וְגִלְעָ֖ד וְהַגִּלְעָ֖ד וְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד וגלעד והגלעד לְגִלְעָ֕ד לַגִּלְעָֽד׃ לגלעד לגלעד׃ מִגִּלְעָ֑ד מגלעד bag·gil·‘āḏ baggil‘āḏ baggilAd bə·ḡil·‘āḏ bəḡil‘āḏ begilAd gil‘āḏ ḡil‘āḏ gil‘āḏāh gil·‘ā·ḏāh gil·‘āḏ ḡil·‘āḏ gilAd gilAdah hag·gil·‘ā·ḏāh hag·gil·‘āḏ haggil‘āḏ haggil‘āḏāh haggilAd haggilAdah lag·gil·‘āḏ laggil‘āḏ laggilAd lə·ḡil·‘āḏ ləḡil‘āḏ legilAd mig·gil·‘āḏ miggil‘āḏ miggilAd vegilAd vehaggilAd wə·ḡil·‘āḏ wə·hag·gil·‘āḏ wəḡil‘āḏ wəhaggil‘āḏLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 31:21 HEB: פָּנָ֖יו הַ֥ר הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ NAS: toward the hill country of Gilead. KJV: his face [toward] the mount Gilead. INT: his face the hill of Gilead Genesis 31:23 Genesis 31:25 Genesis 37:25 Numbers 26:29 Numbers 26:29 Numbers 26:30 Numbers 27:1 Numbers 32:1 Numbers 32:26 Numbers 32:29 Numbers 32:39 Numbers 32:40 Numbers 36:1 Deuteronomy 2:36 Deuteronomy 3:10 Deuteronomy 3:12 Deuteronomy 3:13 Deuteronomy 3:15 Deuteronomy 3:16 Deuteronomy 4:43 Deuteronomy 34:1 Joshua 12:2 Joshua 12:5 Joshua 13:11 134 Occurrences |
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