5358. naqam

Lexicon

naqam: To avenge, take vengeance, revenge

Original Word: נָקַם
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: naqam
Pronunciation: naw-KAM
Phonetic Spelling: (naw-kam')
Definition: To avenge, take vengeance, revenge
Meaning: to grudge, avenge, punish

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

avenger, self, punish, revenge self, surely, take vengeance

A primitive root; to grudge, i.e. Avenge or punish -- avenge(-r, self), punish, revenge (self), X surely, take vengeance.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to avenge, take vengeance
NASB Translation
avenge (9), avenged (5), avenger (2), avenging (2), exact (1), execute (1), punished (1), revengeful (1), take (2), take revenge (1), take vengeance (4), taken (1), takes vengeance (1), taking (1), vengeance shall be taken (1), vengeance will be taken (1).

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[נָקַם] verb avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 46:1e להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph`al + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); נקם, noun also Ecclesiasticus 12:6 (compare Deuteronomy 32:41), Ecclesiasticus 39:30; Ecclesiasticus 48:7; Late Hebrew נָקַם especially in derivatives; Aramaic נְקַם (rare), in derived species; Arabic take vengeance ( upon), Lane³⁰³⁷; compare Ethiopic Di⁴⁵⁸ vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian i‡‡imu, vengeance, requital, is possibly from √ אקם Jäger^{BAS ii. 279}); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular suffix נְקָמֵ֫נִי 1 Samuel 24:13; Imperfect יִקּוֺם Deuteronomy 32:43; יִקֹּם Joshua 10:13; 2masculine singular תִּקֹּם Leviticus 19:18; Infinitive absolute נָקֹם Exodus 21:20; construct נְקֹם Ezekiel 24:8; Ezekiel 25:12; Imperative נְקֹם Numbers 31:2; Participle נִקֵם Nahum 1:2 3t.; feminine נֹקֶ֫מֶת Leviticus 26:25; —

1 avenge, take vengeance:

a. God subject דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֺם Deuteronomy 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1 Kings 2:5 ᵐ5^L Klo); ׳נ absolute Nahum 1:2 (twice in verse) with לְ (against Nineveh) Nahum 1:2; נָקָם ׳נ (against Jerusalem) Ezekiel 24:8; עַלעֲֿלִילוֺהָם on their doings (his people's) Psalm 99:8; נְקַם בְּרִית ׳נ Leviticus 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי1Sam 24:13, with מִן of person from whom vengeance is taken (compare Jeremiah 20:10).

b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נקמה ׳נ with מִן against whom Numbers 31:2 (P); with accusative יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Joshua 10:13 (poem).

c. Edom against Judah נקם לְ ׳נ Ezekiel 25:12.

d. in administration of justice against murder Exodus 21:20 (E).

2 entertain revengeful feelings (opposed to אהב) against neighbour forbidden Leviticus 19:18 (H).

Niph`al Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Judges 15:7; 1 Samuel 14:24; 3masculine plural נִקְּמוּ Ezekiel 25:12; imperfect יִנָּקֵם Exodus 21:20; 1singular אִנָָּֽקְמָה Judges 16:28; Isaiah 1:24; 3masculine plural יִנָָּֽקְמוּ Ezekiel 25:15; Infinitive הִנָּקֵם Jeremiah 46:10 2t.; Imperative הִנָּ֫קֶם Jeremiah 15:15; plural הִנָָּֽקְמוּ Jeremiah 50:15: —

1 avenge oneself,

a. ׳י subject with מִן of adversary Isaiah 1:24; Jeremiah 46:10; with מִן advers., לְ for whom Jeremiah 15:15; with בְּ adversary Jeremiah 50:15.

b. of Israel and champions with מִן Judges 16:28; 1 Samuel 14:24; Esther 8:13; with בְּ Judges 15:7; 1 Samuel 18:25.

c. of enemies against Israel נקם ׳נ Ezekiel 25:15; with בְּ Ezekiel 25:12.

2 suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Exodus 21:20 (E).

Piel Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי 2 Kings 9:7; Jeremiah 51:36; — avenge, ׳י subject דָּמִים מיד 2 Kings 9:7 blood at hands of; נִקְמָתֵךָ ׳נ Jeremiah 51:36 take vengeance for thee.

Hoph`al Imperfect יֻקַּם Genesis 4:24; Exodus 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם Genesis 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).

Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְנַקֵּם Jeremiah 5:9,29; Jeremiah 9:8; Participle מִתְנַקֵּם Psalm 8:3; Psalm 44:17; avenge oneself, ׳י subject לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם ׳נַפְשִׁי בְּ Jeremiah 5:9,29; Jeremiah 9:8; of Israel's enemies אוֺיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם Psalm 8:3; Psalm 44:17.

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • G292: ἀμύνω (amynō) • to ward off, defend
• G467: ἀνταποδίδωμι (antapodidōmi) • to repay, recompense
• G469: ἀντίδικος (antidikos) • an adversary, opponent
• G1556: ἐκδικέω (ekdikeō) • to avenge, to exact justice
• G1559: ἐκδίκησις (ekdikēsis) • vengeance, retribution
• G1817: ἐκδικητής (ekdiketēs) • an avenger
• G2920: κρίσις (krisis) • judgment, decision
• G3886: παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi) • to deliver over, hand over

This entry provides a comprehensive understanding of the Hebrew term נָקַם (naqam), its usage in the biblical text, and its theological implications, while also connecting it to related Greek terms that convey similar concepts of justice and retribution.

Usage: The verb נָקַם (naqam) is used in the Hebrew Bible to denote the act of avenging or taking vengeance. It often implies a response to wrongdoing, where justice or retribution is sought. The term can be used in both human and divine contexts, where either individuals or God Himself enacts vengeance or punishment.

Context: • General Overview: The root נָקַם (naqam) is primarily associated with the concept of vengeance or retribution. It is a term that reflects the justice system within the biblical narrative, where wrongs are addressed through appropriate recompense. This concept is deeply embedded in the covenantal relationship between God and His people, where divine justice is a central theme.

• Divine Vengeance: In many instances, נָקַם is used to describe God's actions against nations or individuals who have acted wickedly or opposed His will. For example, in Deuteronomy 32:35, God declares, "Vengeance is Mine; I will repay." This underscores the belief that ultimate justice belongs to God, who will avenge wrongs in His timing and manner.

• Human Vengeance: The term is also used in contexts where individuals seek to avenge personal wrongs. However, the biblical narrative often cautions against personal vengeance, urging reliance on God's justice. For instance, in Leviticus 19:18, the Israelites are commanded, "Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself."

• Covenantal Justice: The concept of נָקַם is integral to the understanding of justice within the covenant community. It serves as a reminder of the moral and ethical standards expected of God's people and the consequences of failing to uphold them.

• Examples in Scripture:
• Judges 16:28: "Then Samson called to the LORD, 'O Lord GOD, please remember me. Strengthen me, O God, just once more, so that with one act of vengeance I may pay back the Philistines for my two eyes.'"
• Nahum 1:2: "The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and full of wrath. The LORD takes vengeance on His foes and reserves wrath for His enemies."

Forms and Transliterations

בִּנְקֹ֥ם בנקם הִנָּ֣קְמוּ הנקמו וְ֝נֹקֵ֗ם וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה וְהִנָּ֤קֶם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖י וְנִקַּמְתִּ֞י וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ וְנֹקֵם֙ וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃ וּנְקָמַ֥נִי ואנקמה והנקם וינקמו ומתנקם׃ ונקם ונקמו ונקמני ונקמתי יִנָּקֵֽם׃ יִקֹּ֥ם יִקּ֑וֹם יֻקַּ֔ם יֻקַּם־ יֻקָּ֑ם ינקם׃ יקום יקם יקם־ לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם לְהִנָּקֵ֣ם לִנְקֹ֣ם להנקם לנקם נְקֹ֗ם נִקַּ֥מְתִּי נָקֹ֖ם נֹקֵ֤ם נֹקֵ֥ם נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נקם נקמת נקמתי תִקֹּ֤ם תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם תקם תתנקם bin·qōm binKom binqōm hin·nā·qə·mū hinNakemu hinnāqəmū lə·hin·nā·qêm lehinnaKem ləhinnāqêm lin·qōm linKom linqōm nā·qōm naKom nāqōm nə·qōm neKom nəqōm nikKamti niq·qam·tî niqqamtî nō·qe·meṯ nō·qêm noKem noKemet nōqêm nōqemeṯ tikKom ṯiq·qōm ṯiqqōm ṯiṯ·naq·qêm titnakKem ṯiṯnaqqêm ū·miṯ·naq·qêm ū·nə·qā·ma·nî umitnakKem ūmiṯnaqqêm unekaMani ūnəqāmanî vaiyinnakeMu vehinNakem veinnakeMah venikkamTi venikkeMu venoKem way·yin·nā·qə·mū wayyinnāqəmū wə’innāqəmāh wə·’in·nā·qə·māh wə·hin·nā·qem wə·niq·qam·tî wə·niq·qə·mū wə·nō·qêm wəhinnāqem wəniqqamtî wəniqqəmū wənōqêm yikKom yin·nā·qêm yinnaKem yinnāqêm yiq·qō·wm yiq·qōm yiqqōm yiqqōwm yukKam yuq·qam yuq·qām yuq·qam- yuqqam yuqqām yuqqam-

Englishman's Concordance

Genesis 4:15
HEB: קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה
NAS: Cain, vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold.
KJV: Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.
INT: Cain sevenfold vengeance appointed and the LORD

Genesis 4:24
HEB: כִּ֥י שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקַּם־ קָ֑יִן וְלֶ֖מֶךְ
NAS: Cain is avenged sevenfold,
KJV: Cain shall be avenged sevenfold,
INT: If sevenfold is avenged Cain Lamech

Exodus 21:20
HEB: תַּ֣חַת יָד֑וֹ נָקֹ֖ם יִנָּקֵֽם׃
NAS: at his hand, he shall be punished.
KJV: under his hand; he shall be surely punished.
INT: Thahash his hand shall be punished shall be punished

Exodus 21:20
HEB: יָד֑וֹ נָקֹ֖ם יִנָּקֵֽם׃
KJV: he shall be surely punished.
INT: his hand shall be punished shall be punished

Exodus 21:21
HEB: יַעֲמֹ֑ד לֹ֣א יֻקַּ֔ם כִּ֥י כַסְפּ֖וֹ
NAS: two, no vengeance shall be taken; for he is his property.
KJV: or two, he shall not be punished: for he [is] his money.
INT: survives no vengeance for is his property

Leviticus 19:18
HEB: לֹֽא־ תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־ תִטֹּר֙
NAS: You shall not take vengeance, nor
KJV: Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge
INT: nor take nor bear

Leviticus 26:25
HEB: עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נְקַם־ בְּרִ֔ית
NAS: upon you a sword which will execute vengeance
KJV: a sword upon you, that shall avenge the quarrel
INT: upon A sword will execute vengeance the covenant

Numbers 31:2
HEB: נְקֹ֗ם נִקְמַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י
NAS: Take full vengeance for the sons
KJV: Avenge the children of Israel
INT: Take full the sons

Deuteronomy 32:43
HEB: דַם־ עֲבָדָ֖יו יִקּ֑וֹם וְנָקָם֙ יָשִׁ֣יב
NAS: [with] His people; For He will avenge the blood
KJV: [with] his people: for he will avenge the blood
INT: the blood of his servants will avenge vengeance and will render

Joshua 10:13
HEB: עָמָ֗ד עַד־ יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו
NAS: the nation avenged themselves of their enemies.
KJV: until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies.
INT: stopped Until avenged the nation their enemies

Judges 15:7
HEB: כִּ֛י אִם־ נִקַּ֥מְתִּי בָכֶ֖ם וְאַחַ֥ר
NAS: I will surely take revenge on you, but after
KJV: this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after
INT: for Since take after will quit

Judges 16:28
HEB: הַזֶּה֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה נְקַם־ אַחַ֛ת
NAS: that I may at once be avenged of the Philistines
KJV: that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines
INT: this God be avenged avenged once

1 Samuel 14:24
HEB: עַד־ הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא
NAS: and until I have avenged myself on my enemies.
KJV: until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies.
INT: before evening have avenged enemies not

1 Samuel 18:25
HEB: עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ
NAS: of the Philistines, to take vengeance on the king's
KJV: of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's
INT: foreskins of the Philistines to take enemies the king's

1 Samuel 24:12
HEB: בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔ךָ וּנְקָמַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ
NAS: you and me, and may the LORD avenge me on you; but my hand
KJV: between me and thee, and the LORD avenge me of thee: but mine hand
INT: between between avenge and may the LORD but

2 Kings 9:7
HEB: אַחְאָ֖ב אֲדֹנֶ֑יךָ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֞י דְּמֵ֣י ׀ עֲבָדַ֣י
NAS: your master, that I may avenge the blood
KJV: thy master, that I may avenge the blood
INT: of Ahab your master may avenge the blood of my servants

Esther 8:13
HEB: לַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃
NAS: day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
KJV: against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
INT: day this to avenge their enemies

Psalm 8:2
HEB: לְהַשְׁבִּ֥ית א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃
NAS: To make the enemy and the revengeful cease.
KJV: the enemy and the avenger.
INT: cease the enemy and the revengeful

Psalm 44:16
HEB: מִפְּנֵ֥י א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃
NAS: of the enemy and the avenger.
KJV: by reason of the enemy and avenger.
INT: of the presence of the enemy and the avenger

Psalm 99:8
HEB: הָיִ֣יתָ לָהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹקֵ֗ם עַל־ עֲלִילוֹתָֽם׃
NAS: God to them, And [yet] an avenger of their [evil] deeds.
KJV: that forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance of their inventions.
INT: become to them and an avenger of their deeds

Isaiah 1:24
HEB: אֶנָּחֵ֣ם מִצָּרַ֔י וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה מֵאוֹיְבָֽי׃
NAS: of My adversaries And avenge Myself on My foes.
KJV: me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies:
INT: will be relieved of my adversaries and avenge enemies

Jeremiah 5:9
HEB: כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס
NAS: as this Shall I not avenge Myself?
KJV: and shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation
INT: this not avenge my soul

Jeremiah 5:29
HEB: כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס
NAS: as this Shall I not avenge Myself?'
KJV: shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation
INT: this not avenge my soul

Jeremiah 9:9
HEB: כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס
NAS: as this Shall I not avenge Myself?
KJV: shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation
INT: this not avenge my soul

Jeremiah 15:15
HEB: זָכְרֵ֤נִי וּפָקְדֵ֙נִי֙ וְהִנָּ֤קֶם לִי֙ מֵרֹ֣דְפַ֔י
NAS: me, take notice of me, And take vengeance for me on my persecutors.
KJV: me, and visit me, and revenge me of my persecutors;
INT: Remember take and take my persecutors not

35 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 5358
35 Occurrences

bin·qōm — 1 Occ.
hin·nā·qə·mū — 1 Occ.
lə·hin·nā·qêm — 3 Occ.
lin·qōm — 1 Occ.
nā·qōm — 1 Occ.
nə·qōm — 1 Occ.
niq·qam·tî — 1 Occ.
nō·qêm — 2 Occ.
nō·qe·meṯ — 1 Occ.
ṯiq·qōm — 1 Occ.
ṯiṯ·naq·qêm — 3 Occ.
ū·miṯ·naq·qêm — 2 Occ.
ū·nə·qā·ma·nî — 1 Occ.
way·yin·nā·qə·mū — 1 Occ.
wə·hin·nā·qem — 1 Occ.
wə·’in·nā·qə·māh — 2 Occ.
wə·niq·qam·tî — 3 Occ.
wə·niq·qə·mū — 1 Occ.
wə·nō·qêm — 2 Occ.
yiq·qō·wm — 2 Occ.
yin·nā·qêm — 1 Occ.
yuq·qām — 3 Occ.