Strong's Lexicon naqam: To avenge, take vengeance, revenge Original Word: נָקַם Word Origin: A primitive root Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G1556 (ekdikeo): To avenge, to do justice - G1557 (ekdikesis): Vengeance, retribution Usage: The Hebrew verb "naqam" primarily means to avenge or take vengeance. It is often used in the context of divine retribution or justice, where God is depicted as the ultimate judge who avenges wrongs and upholds righteousness. The term can also refer to human acts of vengeance, though these are often portrayed negatively or as requiring divine sanction. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Israelite society, the concept of justice and retribution was deeply embedded in the legal and moral framework. The idea of "an eye for an eye" (lex talionis) was a guiding principle, ensuring that punishment was proportional to the offense. However, vengeance was ultimately seen as belonging to God, who alone could execute perfect justice. This understanding is reflected in the biblical narrative, where God often acts as the avenger of His people, delivering them from their enemies and punishing wrongdoing. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to avenge, take vengeance NASB Translation avenge (9), avenged (5), avenger (2), avenging (2), exact (1), execute (1), punished (1), revengeful (1), take (2), take revenge (1), take vengeance (4), taken (1), takes vengeance (1), taking (1), vengeance shall be taken (1), vengeance will be taken (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [נָקַם] verb avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 46:1e להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph`al + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); נקם, noun also Ecclesiasticus 12:6 (compare Deuteronomy 32:41), Ecclesiasticus 39:30; Ecclesiasticus 48:7; Late Hebrew נָקַם especially in derivatives; Aramaic נְקַם (rare),  in derived species; Arabic  take vengeance ( upon), Lane3037; compare Ethiopic  Di458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian i‡‡imu, vengeance, requital, is possibly from √ אקם JägerBAS ii. 279); — Qal Perfect3masculine singular suffix נְקָמֵ֫נִי 1 Samuel 24:13; Imperfect יִקּוֺם Deuteronomy 32:43; יִקֹּם Joshua 10:13; 2masculine singular תִּקֹּם Leviticus 19:18; Infinitive absolute נָקֹם Exodus 21:20; construct נְקֹם Ezekiel 24:8; Ezekiel 25:12; Imperative נְקֹם Numbers 31:2; Participle נִקֵם Nahum 1:2 3t.; feminine נֹקֶ֫מֶת Leviticus 26:25; — 1 avenge, take vengeance: a. God subject דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֺם Deuteronomy 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1 Kings 2:5 ᵐ5L Klo); ׳נ absolute Nahum 1:2 (twice in verse) with לְ (against Nineveh) Nahum 1:2; נָקָם ׳נ (against Jerusalem) Ezekiel 24:8; עַלעֲֿלִילוֺהָם on their doings (his people's) Psalm 99:8; נְקַם בְּרִית ׳נ Leviticus 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי1Sam 24:13, with מִן of person from whom vengeance is taken (compare Jeremiah 20:10). b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נקמה ׳נ with מִן against whom Numbers 31:2 (P); with accusative יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Joshua 10:13 (poem). c. Edom against Judah נקם לְ ׳נ Ezekiel 25:12. d. in administration of justice against murder Exodus 21:20 (E). 2 entertain revengeful feelings (opposed to אהב) against neighbour forbidden Leviticus 19:18 (H). Niph`al Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Judges 15:7; 1 Samuel 14:24; 3masculine plural נִקְּמוּ Ezekiel 25:12; imperfect יִנָּקֵם Exodus 21:20; 1singular אִנָָּֽקְמָה Judges 16:28; Isaiah 1:24; 3masculine plural יִנָָּֽקְמוּ Ezekiel 25:15; Infinitive הִנָּקֵם Jeremiah 46:10 2t.; Imperative הִנָּ֫קֶם Jeremiah 15:15; plural הִנָָּֽקְמוּ Jeremiah 50:15: — 1 avenge oneself, a. ׳י subject with מִן of adversary Isaiah 1:24; Jeremiah 46:10; with מִן advers., לְ for whom Jeremiah 15:15; with בְּ adversary Jeremiah 50:15. b. of Israel and champions with מִן Judges 16:28; 1 Samuel 14:24; Esther 8:13; with בְּ Judges 15:7; 1 Samuel 18:25. c. of enemies against Israel נקם ׳נ Ezekiel 25:15; with בְּ Ezekiel 25:12. 2 suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Exodus 21:20 (E). Piel Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי 2 Kings 9:7; Jeremiah 51:36; — avenge, ׳י subject דָּמִים מיד 2 Kings 9:7 blood at hands of; נִקְמָתֵךָ ׳נ Jeremiah 51:36 take vengeance for thee. Hoph`al Imperfect יֻקַּם Genesis 4:24; Exodus 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם Genesis 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood). Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְנַקֵּם Jeremiah 5:9,29; Jeremiah 9:8; Participle מִתְנַקֵּם Psalm 8:3; Psalm 44:17; avenge oneself, ׳י subject לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם ׳נַפְשִׁי בְּ Jeremiah 5:9,29; Jeremiah 9:8; of Israel's enemies אוֺיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם Psalm 8:3; Psalm 44:17. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance avenger, self, punish, revenge self, surely, take vengeance A primitive root; to grudge, i.e. Avenge or punish -- avenge(-r, self), punish, revenge (self), X surely, take vengeance. Forms and Transliterations בִּנְקֹ֥ם בנקם הִנָּ֣קְמוּ הנקמו וְ֝נֹקֵ֗ם וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה וְהִנָּ֤קֶם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖י וְנִקַּמְתִּ֞י וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ וְנֹקֵם֙ וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃ וּנְקָמַ֥נִי ואנקמה והנקם וינקמו ומתנקם׃ ונקם ונקמו ונקמני ונקמתי יִנָּקֵֽם׃ יִקֹּ֥ם יִקּ֑וֹם יֻקַּ֔ם יֻקַּם־ יֻקָּ֑ם ינקם׃ יקום יקם יקם־ לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם לְהִנָּקֵ֣ם לִנְקֹ֣ם להנקם לנקם נְקֹ֗ם נִקַּ֥מְתִּי נָקֹ֖ם נֹקֵ֤ם נֹקֵ֥ם נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נקם נקמת נקמתי תִקֹּ֤ם תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם תקם תתנקם bin·qōm binKom binqōm hin·nā·qə·mū hinNakemu hinnāqəmū lə·hin·nā·qêm lehinnaKem ləhinnāqêm lin·qōm linKom linqōm nā·qōm naKom nāqōm nə·qōm neKom nəqōm nikKamti niq·qam·tî niqqamtî nō·qe·meṯ nō·qêm noKem noKemet nōqêm nōqemeṯ tikKom ṯiq·qōm ṯiqqōm ṯiṯ·naq·qêm titnakKem ṯiṯnaqqêm ū·miṯ·naq·qêm ū·nə·qā·ma·nî umitnakKem ūmiṯnaqqêm unekaMani ūnəqāmanî vaiyinnakeMu vehinNakem veinnakeMah venikkamTi venikkeMu venoKem way·yin·nā·qə·mū wayyinnāqəmū wə’innāqəmāh wə·’in·nā·qə·māh wə·hin·nā·qem wə·niq·qam·tî wə·niq·qə·mū wə·nō·qêm wəhinnāqem wəniqqamtî wəniqqəmū wənōqêm yikKom yin·nā·qêm yinnaKem yinnāqêm yiq·qō·wm yiq·qōm yiqqōm yiqqōwm yukKam yuq·qam yuq·qām yuq·qam- yuqqam yuqqām yuqqam-Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 4:15 HEB: קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה NAS: Cain, vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold. KJV: Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. INT: Cain sevenfold vengeance appointed and the LORD Genesis 4:24 Exodus 21:20 Exodus 21:20 Exodus 21:21 Leviticus 19:18 Leviticus 26:25 Numbers 31:2 Deuteronomy 32:43 Joshua 10:13 Judges 15:7 Judges 16:28 1 Samuel 14:24 1 Samuel 18:25 1 Samuel 24:12 2 Kings 9:7 Esther 8:13 Psalm 8:2 Psalm 44:16 Psalm 99:8 Isaiah 1:24 Jeremiah 5:9 Jeremiah 5:29 Jeremiah 9:9 Jeremiah 15:15 35 Occurrences |
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