Joshua 15:35
New International Version
Jarmuth, Adullam, Sokoh, Azekah,

New Living Translation
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

English Standard Version
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

Berean Standard Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

King James Bible
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

New King James Version
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

New American Standard Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

NASB 1995
Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh and Azekah,

NASB 1977
Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh and Azekah,

Legacy Standard Bible
Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh and Azekah,

Amplified Bible
Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh and Azekah,

Christian Standard Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

American Standard Version
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

English Revised Version
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

Good News Translation
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

International Standard Version
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

Majority Standard Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

NET Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

New Heart English Bible
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

Webster's Bible Translation
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

World English Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

Young's Literal Translation
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

Smith's Literal Translation
Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Jerimoth and Adullam, Socho and Azeca,

Catholic Public Domain Version
and Jarmuth and Adullam, Socoh and Azekah,

New American Bible
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,

New Revised Standard Version
Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Jarmuth, Arlam, Socoh, Azekah,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Yarmuth and Arlam and Sawka and Azqa
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and Jermuth, and Odollam, and Membra, and Saocho, and Jazeca.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Cities of Judah
34Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam, 35Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah, 36Shaaraim, Adithaim, and Gederah (or Gederothaim)—fourteen cities, along with their villages.…

Cross References
1 Samuel 17:1
Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war at Socoh in Judah, and they camped between Socoh and Azekah in Ephes-dammim.

2 Chronicles 11:10
Zorah, Aijalon, and Hebron, the fortified cities in Judah and Benjamin.

Nehemiah 11:30
Zanoah, Adullam, and their villages; in Lachish and its fields; and in Azekah and its villages. So they settled from Beersheba all the way to the Valley of Hinnom.

Micah 1:15
I will again bring a conqueror against you, O dweller of Mareshah. The glory of Israel will come to Adullam.

Jeremiah 34:7
as the army of the king of Babylon was fighting against Jerusalem and the remaining cities of Judah—against Lachish and Azekah. For these were the only fortified cities remaining in Judah.

2 Kings 14:19
And conspirators plotted against Amaziah in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But men were sent after him to Lachish, and they killed him there.

2 Chronicles 28:18
The Philistines had also raided the cities of the foothills and the Negev of Judah, capturing and occupying Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, and Gederoth, as well as Soco, Timnah, and Gimzo with their villages.

Isaiah 10:28-32
Assyria has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash. / They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees. / Cry aloud, O Daughter of Gallim! Listen, O Laishah! O wretched Anathoth! ...

1 Chronicles 6:57
So the descendants of Aaron were given Hebron (a city of refuge), Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa,

1 Samuel 22:1
So David left Gath and took refuge in the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there.

Matthew 2:1
After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem,

Luke 2:4
So Joseph also went up from Nazareth in Galilee to Judea, to the city of David called Bethlehem, since he was from the house and line of David.

John 7:42
Doesn’t the Scripture say that the Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David lived?”

Matthew 1:5-6
Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab, Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth, Obed the father of Jesse, / and Jesse the father of David the king. Next: David was the father of Solomon by Uriah’s wife,

Acts 13:22-23
After removing Saul, He raised up David as their king and testified about him: ‘I have found David son of Jesse a man after My own heart; he will carry out My will in its entirety.’ / From the descendants of this man, God has brought to Israel the Savior Jesus, as He promised.


Treasury of Scripture

Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

Jarmuth

Joshua 10:3,23
Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying, …

Joshua 12:11
The king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;

Nehemiah 11:29
And at Enrimmon, and at Zareah, and at Jarmuth,

Adullam

Joshua 12:15
The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;

1 Samuel 22:1
David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.

Micah 1:15
Yet will I bring an heir unto thee, O inhabitant of Mareshah: he shall come unto Adullam the glory of Israel.

Joshua 15:48
And in the mountains, Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh,

1 Samuel 17:1
Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim.

1 Chronicles 4:18
And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took.

Joshua 10:10
And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Bethhoron, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.

1 Samuel 17:1
Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim.

Jump to Previous
Adullam Azekah Aze'kah Jarmuth Sochoh Socoh
Jump to Next
Adullam Azekah Aze'kah Jarmuth Sochoh Socoh
Joshua 15
1. The borders of the lot of Judah
13. Caleb's portion and conquest
16. Othniel, for his valour, marries Achsah, Caleb's daughter
18. She obtains a blessing of her father
21. The cities of Judah
63. The Jebusites unconquered














Jarmuth
Jarmuth was a city located in the Shephelah, the lowland region of Judah. It was one of the cities conquered by Joshua during the southern campaign (Joshua 10:3, 23). Historically, Jarmuth was a Canaanite city-state, and its king, Piram, joined a coalition against the Israelites. The city is associated with Tell Jarmuth, an archaeological site that has revealed significant findings from the Bronze and Iron Ages, providing insights into the Canaanite and Israelite periods.

Adullam
Adullam is best known for its association with David, who sought refuge in the Cave of Adullam while fleeing from King Saul (1 Samuel 22:1-2). This location became a stronghold for David and his followers. Adullam's strategic position in the Judean hills made it a suitable hideout. The city is also mentioned in the context of the inheritance of the tribe of Judah, indicating its importance in the region. The site is identified with Tell Sheikh Madkhur, where archaeological evidence supports its historical significance.

Socoh
Socoh, also spelled Soco, was a town in the Shephelah of Judah. It is mentioned in the context of the Philistine wars, notably as the location where the Philistines camped before the battle with David and Goliath (1 Samuel 17:1). Socoh's proximity to the Valley of Elah highlights its strategic military importance. The site is identified with Khirbet Shuweikeh, where excavations have uncovered remains from various periods, including the Iron Age.

Azekah
Azekah was another fortified city in the Shephelah, playing a significant role in the defense of Judah. It is mentioned in the account of the battle where Joshua commanded the sun to stand still (Joshua 10:10-11). Azekah's location provided a vantage point over the surrounding valleys, making it a key military site. The city is also noted in the context of the Babylonian conquest, as one of the last cities to fall before Jerusalem (Jeremiah 34:7). The site is identified with Tell Zakariya, where archaeological findings have corroborated its biblical history.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jarmuth
A city in the lowlands of Judah, known for its strategic location and involvement in various biblical battles.

2. Adullam
A city with historical significance, notably as a refuge for David when he fled from King Saul. The "Cave of Adullam" is a well-known biblical site.

3. Socoh
A town in the Shephelah region of Judah, mentioned in the context of battles between the Israelites and the Philistines.

4. Azekah
Another city in the lowlands of Judah, often associated with military encounters, including the battle where Joshua commanded the sun to stand still.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty in Geography
The cities listed in Joshua 15:35 remind us that God is sovereign over all places. Each location has a unique role in His divine plan, whether as a place of refuge, battle, or leadership.

Historical Significance and Spiritual Lessons
Understanding the historical context of these cities can deepen our appreciation for the spiritual lessons they offer, such as reliance on God in times of distress (Adullam) or standing firm in faith during battles (Socoh and Azekah).

The Importance of Community and Leadership
Adullam serves as a reminder of the importance of community and leadership. David's gathering of followers in the cave illustrates how God can use challenging circumstances to build and prepare leaders.

Trust in God's Deliverance
The battles associated with these cities, particularly Azekah, underscore the theme of trusting in God's deliverance and intervention in seemingly impossible situations.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Jarmuth,
יַרְמוּת֙ (yar·mūṯ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 3412: Jarmuth -- a Canaanite city in Judah, also a city in Issachar

Adullam,
וַעֲדֻלָּ֔ם (wa·‘ă·ḏul·lām)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5725: Adullam -- a Canaanite city

Socoh,
שׂוֹכֹ֖ה (śō·w·ḵōh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7755: Socoh -- two places in Judah

Azekah,
וַעֲזֵקָֽה׃ (wa·‘ă·zê·qāh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5825: Azekah -- a place in Judah


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OT History: Joshua 15:35 Jarmuth Adullam Socoh Azekah (Josh. Jos)
Joshua 15:34
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