and his seed will have abundant water
The term "seed" refers to descendants or offspring, indicating that the future generations of Israel will also experience blessing and prosperity. This promise of abundant water for the seed can be seen as a continuation of the covenantal blessings promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, where their descendants would be numerous and blessed (Genesis 22:17). The abundance of water signifies not only physical prosperity but also spiritual vitality and growth, which is a recurring theme in the prophetic literature (Ezekiel 47:1-12).

His king will be greater than Agag
Agag was a king of the Amalekites, a people who were often in conflict with Israel (1 Samuel 15:8). The mention of Agag here serves as a historical reference point, indicating that Israel's king will surpass even the most formidable of their enemies. This prophecy points to the future monarchy in Israel, particularly the reign of King David, who defeated the Amalekites and established a powerful kingdom (1 Samuel 30:17-20). It also foreshadows the ultimate kingship of Jesus Christ, who is greater than all earthly rulers (Revelation 19:16).

and his kingdom will be exalted
The exaltation of Israel's kingdom suggests a future time of glory and dominance. This can be seen as a prophetic vision of the Davidic kingdom, which reached its zenith under Solomon, and ultimately points to the Messianic kingdom of Jesus Christ. The exaltation of the kingdom is a fulfillment of God's promises to Israel, where they would be a light to the nations and a conduit of God's blessings to the world (Isaiah 2:2-4). The ultimate fulfillment of this exaltation is found in the eternal kingdom of Christ, where He reigns supreme (Philippians 2:9-11).

Numbers 24:7 opens with a picture of overflowing buckets. Balaam sees Israel as a people so richly supplied that water is literally pouring out of the containers meant only to carry it.

• In Scripture, water often signals life, refreshment, and the sustaining grace of God. Deuteronomy 8:7 celebrates a land “of brooks of water, of fountains and springs that flow,” and Psalm 65:9 adds that God “visits the earth and waters it abundantly.”

• The image is not hypothetical; it promises a tangible, literal abundance once Israel settles in the land. Think of wells that never run dry, crops that never fail, households always quenched.

• Spiritually, the same overflowing grace is in view. Isaiah 44:3 links physical water with the outpouring of the Spirit: “I will pour water on the thirsty land … I will pour out My Spirit on your offspring.” The nation’s life with God is meant to spill over to the world around it.

Balaam continues: Israel’s descendants will never lack what they need.

• “Seed” points to literal offspring (Genesis 22:17) and the future generations who will inherit covenant blessings.

• Deuteronomy 33:28 pictures that security: “Israel dwells securely; the fountain of Jacob lives untroubled in a land of grain and wine, where the heavens drip with dew.”

• God is committing Himself to ongoing provision. Each new generation can expect the same faithfulness, which is why Isaiah 44:3–4 promises that children “will sprout up like grass in a meadow.”

• The line “abundant water” again grounds the prophecy in real, physical prosperity—fields irrigated, families healthy, livestock thriving—because God’s covenant care is dependable.

The prophecy shifts from general blessing to royal authority.

• “Agag” was the title carried by Amalekite kings (1 Samuel 15:8). Amalek stood for opposition to God’s people (Exodus 17:16). Predicting a king “greater than Agag” means Israel’s future ruler will decisively outclass every hostile monarch.

• At first this was fulfilled in Saul, who defeated Amalek (1 Samuel 14–15), yet Saul’s disobedience showed he wasn’t the final answer. The promise stretches forward to David (2 Samuel 7:12–13) and ultimately to the Messiah, “King of kings and Lord of lords” (Revelation 19:16).

• God had already hinted at monarchy in Deuteronomy 17:14–15, so Balaam’s words confirm that a divinely appointed king is coming, one whose greatness dwarfs Israel’s enemies.

The closing line draws the lens even wider.

• Balaam foretells a kingdom raised high. Numbers 23:24 had said Israel “will rise like a lion,” and now the picture is a realm lifted above the nations.

• Psalm 89:27 echoes this: “I will appoint him to be My firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.” Isaiah 2:2 adds that in the last days the LORD’s mountain will be “chief among the mountains.”

• Daniel 2:44 promises a kingdom “that will never be destroyed,” and Luke 1:32–33 says Jesus “will reign over the house of Jacob forever.” The exaltation begins in David’s throne but culminates eternally in Christ.

• Philippians 2:9–11 shows the ultimate fulfillment: every knee bowing to the exalted King. Balaam’s vision, then, is both immediate and eschatological—grounded in Israel’s history yet reaching all the way to the consummation.

Numbers 24:7 layers four promises: overflowing provision, generational abundance, a superior king, and a kingdom lifted high. The prophecy starts with the tangible—buckets spilling water—and ends with the universal—an exalted reign that outshines every rival. In Israel’s early history we see previews of each line, but the fullest expression comes in the Messiah, whose life-giving Spirit, unrivaled kingship, and everlasting kingdom satisfy the verse in its richest, most literal sense.

His seed shall be in many waters.--This may mean that Israel should inhabit Canaan--"a land of brooks of water" (Deuteronomy 8:7; Deuteronomy 11:11); or it may mean that, like seed sown and trees planted by the waters (Isaiah 32:20; Isaiah 44:4, Isa_65:22-23), they should inherit the richest blessings.

His king shall be higher than Agag . . .-Agag appears to have been the title (nomen dignitatis) of the Amalekite kings, as Pharaoh of the Egyptian and Abimelech of the Philistine kings. The reference does not seem to be to any particular king, but to the kingdom which should hereafter be established in Israel--to the kings, generally, which should come out of the loins of Abraham (Genesis 17:6; Genesis 35:11). . . .