Then Joseph fell upon his father’s face
This phrase captures the deep emotional connection between Joseph and his father, Jacob. The act of falling upon his father's face signifies profound grief and love. In ancient Near Eastern culture, physical expressions of mourning were common, and this act demonstrates Joseph's respect and affection. The patriarchal relationship is central in Genesis, and Joseph's actions reflect the honor due to a father, aligning with the commandment to honor one's parents (Exodus 20:12).

wept over him
Weeping is a natural human response to loss and is frequently mentioned in the Bible as a sign of mourning. Joseph's weeping indicates his genuine sorrow and the depth of his loss. This moment is reminiscent of other biblical figures who wept over loved ones, such as David mourning for Absalom (2 Samuel 18:33). It also foreshadows the compassion of Jesus, who wept at the death of Lazarus (John 11:35), highlighting the humanity and empathy of both Joseph and Christ.

and kissed him
The act of kissing the deceased was a customary practice in ancient times, symbolizing farewell and love. This gesture underscores the personal and familial bonds that were highly valued in biblical narratives. It also reflects the cultural practices of the time, where physical touch was an important part of expressing emotions. The kiss can be seen as a final act of devotion, similar to the anointing of Jesus by Mary (John 12:3), which was an expression of love and reverence.

And Joseph directed the physicians in his service
Joseph, as a high-ranking official in Egypt, had access to resources and personnel, including physicians. The mention of physicians indicates the advanced medical practices in Egypt, known for their expertise in embalming and medicine. This reflects Joseph's integration into Egyptian society while maintaining his Hebrew identity. The use of physicians rather than priests for embalming suggests a practical approach, as priests typically performed religious rites. Joseph's authority allowed him to command such services, highlighting his influential position.

to embalm his father Israel
Embalming was a common practice in ancient Egypt, aimed at preserving the body for the afterlife, reflecting Egyptian beliefs about immortality. However, for Jacob (Israel), the embalming served a practical purpose: to preserve his body for transport back to Canaan for burial, as he had requested. This act shows Joseph's respect for his father's wishes and adherence to familial and cultural traditions. The embalming of Jacob also signifies the blending of Hebrew customs with Egyptian practices, as embalming was not a traditional Hebrew practice.

So they embalmed him
The embalming process in Egypt was elaborate, involving the removal of internal organs, drying the body with natron, and wrapping it in linen. This process could take up to 70 days, aligning with the mourning period mentioned later in the chapter. The successful embalming of Jacob ensured his body could be transported without decay, fulfilling his desire to be buried in the family tomb in Canaan. This act of embalming, while Egyptian in nature, facilitated the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land of Canaan, as Jacob's burial there reaffirmed the connection to the Promised Land.

taking the forty days required to complete the embalming.
The process of embalming in ancient Egypt was a detailed and significant ritual, often associated with the preservation of the body for the afterlife. The forty days mentioned here align with historical records of Egyptian mummification practices, which typically took around 40 days to complete. This period was necessary for the drying and preservation of the body using natron, a naturally occurring salt. The number forty is also significant in biblical terms, often symbolizing a period of testing or completion, as seen in the forty days of rain during the flood (Genesis 7:12) and Jesus' forty days in the wilderness (Matthew 4:2).

And the Egyptians mourned for him seventy days.
The seventy days of mourning reflect the high regard in which Joseph was held in Egypt. This period of mourning was customary for Egyptian royalty, indicating Joseph's elevated status. The number seventy is significant in the Bible, often representing completeness or a full measure, as seen in the seventy elders of Israel (Exodus 24:1) and the seventy years of Babylonian captivity (Jeremiah 25:11). This extended mourning period underscores the deep respect and affection the Egyptians had for Joseph, who had saved them from famine and served as a powerful leader. It also foreshadows the eventual mourning for Jesus Christ, who, like Joseph, was a savior to his people.

When the days of mourning had passed
The mourning period for Jacob, Joseph's father, lasted seventy days, which was customary for Egyptian royalty, indicating the high regard in which Joseph was held. This period reflects the deep respect and honor given to Jacob, not only by his family but also by the Egyptians. Mourning customs in ancient Egypt were elaborate, involving rituals and ceremonies that underscored the significance of the deceased. This extended mourning period also highlights the integration of Joseph into Egyptian society, as he adhered to their customs while maintaining his Hebrew identity.

Joseph said to Pharaoh’s court
Joseph, though second in command in Egypt, approaches Pharaoh's court rather than Pharaoh directly. This reflects the hierarchical structure of ancient Egyptian governance, where even high-ranking officials often communicated through intermediaries. Joseph's approach demonstrates his respect for protocol and his understanding of the political dynamics at play. It also shows his humility and wisdom in navigating his dual identity as a Hebrew and an Egyptian leader.

If I have found favor in your eyes
This phrase indicates Joseph's reliance on the goodwill he has cultivated with Pharaoh and his court. It echoes similar language used throughout the Old Testament, where individuals seek favor from those in authority, such as Esther with King Xerxes or Nehemiah with King Artaxerxes. Joseph's request is couched in humility and respect, acknowledging the authority of Pharaoh while subtly reminding the court of his loyalty and service.

please tell Pharaoh that
Joseph's request to have his message conveyed to Pharaoh underscores the importance of proper channels of communication in ancient royal courts. It also reflects Joseph's strategic thinking, as he seeks to ensure that his request is presented in the most favorable light. This approach is consistent with Joseph's character throughout Genesis, where he consistently demonstrates wisdom, patience, and a deep understanding of human nature and political structures.

my father made me swear an oath
In ancient Near Eastern culture, oaths were solemn and binding, often invoking the name of God as a witness. Jacob's insistence on an oath underscores the importance of his burial wishes. This reflects the patriarchal authority and the seriousness with which such promises were regarded. The act of swearing an oath is seen throughout the Bible, such as in Genesis 24:3, where Abraham makes his servant swear to find a wife for Isaac from his own people.

when he said, ‘I am about to die.
Jacob's awareness of his impending death is a common biblical theme, where patriarchs often give final instructions or blessings before passing. This reflects the belief in the importance of preparing for death and ensuring one's wishes are fulfilled. It also highlights the transient nature of life, a recurring biblical motif, as seen in Psalm 90:10, which speaks of the brevity of life.

You must bury me in the tomb that I dug for myself
The preparation of one's burial site was a significant act, reflecting a desire for a proper and respectful burial. Jacob's request to be buried in a specific tomb indicates the importance of family burial sites, which were seen as a way to maintain familial bonds even in death. This is reminiscent of Abraham purchasing the cave of Machpelah in Genesis 23 as a family burial site, emphasizing the importance of being laid to rest with one's ancestors.

in the land of Canaan.
Canaan holds significant theological and historical importance as the land promised by God to Abraham and his descendants (Genesis 12:7). Jacob's desire to be buried there underscores the connection to God's covenant promises and the hope of future fulfillment. This request also foreshadows the eventual return of the Israelites to Canaan, as seen in the Exodus narrative.

Now let me go and bury my father,
Joseph's request to Pharaoh to fulfill his father's burial wish demonstrates his respect for his father's authority and the importance of filial piety. It also highlights the tension between Joseph's Egyptian position and his Hebrew heritage. This act of honoring one's parents is consistent with the biblical commandment found in Exodus 20:12.

and then return.”
Joseph's assurance of his return to Egypt after fulfilling his father's burial request indicates his commitment to his responsibilities in Egypt. It reflects the balance between honoring family obligations and maintaining one's duties in a foreign land. This duality is seen in the lives of other biblical figures, such as Daniel, who served foreign kings while remaining faithful to his heritage.

Pharaoh replied
In the context of Genesis 50, Joseph is in Egypt, serving as a high-ranking official under Pharaoh. This phrase indicates Pharaoh's authority and willingness to communicate directly with Joseph, reflecting the respect and trust Joseph had earned. Historically, Pharaohs were seen as divine or semi-divine figures, and their word was law. This interaction shows the unique position Joseph held, as it was uncommon for a Hebrew to have such direct access to the Egyptian ruler.

Go up
The phrase "go up" refers to traveling from Egypt to Canaan, which is geographically northward and uphill. In biblical terms, "going up" to Canaan or Jerusalem is often used due to the elevation and spiritual significance of the land. This journey signifies a return to the Promised Land, which holds covenantal importance for the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

and bury your father
Joseph's father, Jacob (also known as Israel), had died in Egypt but desired to be buried in the land of Canaan, in the cave of Machpelah, which Abraham had purchased as a family burial site. This burial site is significant as it connects the patriarchs to the land promised by God. The act of burial in Canaan underscores the faith in God's promises and the hope of future possession of the land.

as he made you swear to do
Jacob had made Joseph swear to bury him in Canaan, which reflects the seriousness of oaths in ancient Near Eastern culture. Swearing an oath was a binding agreement, often invoking God's name, and breaking it was considered a grave offense. This also highlights the importance of honoring one's parents, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, and is later codified in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:12). The fulfillment of this oath by Joseph demonstrates his integrity and faithfulness to his father's wishes.

Then Joseph went to bury his father
Joseph's journey to bury his father, Jacob, signifies the fulfillment of Jacob's request to be buried in the land of Canaan, specifically in the cave of Machpelah (Genesis 49:29-32). This act of honoring his father's wishes demonstrates Joseph's deep respect and adherence to family traditions and promises. It also highlights the importance of burial practices in ancient times, where being laid to rest in one's ancestral land was a significant cultural and religious act.

and all the servants of Pharaoh accompanied him
The presence of Pharaoh's servants indicates the high regard in which Joseph was held in Egypt. As the second most powerful man in the nation, Joseph's influence extended to the royal court. This accompaniment by Pharaoh's servants underscores the respect and honor given to Joseph and his family, reflecting the strong relationship between Joseph and Pharaoh. It also illustrates the integration of Joseph's Hebrew heritage with his Egyptian status.

the elders of Pharaoh’s household
The elders of Pharaoh's household were likely high-ranking officials and advisors within the Egyptian government. Their participation in the funeral procession signifies the importance of the event and the respect for Joseph's family. This inclusion of Egyptian officials in a Hebrew burial ceremony highlights the blending of cultures and the mutual respect between Joseph and the Egyptian leadership.

and all the elders of the land of Egypt
The involvement of all the elders of Egypt further emphasizes the national significance of Jacob's burial. It suggests that Joseph's influence and the mourning for Jacob extended beyond the royal court to the broader Egyptian society. This widespread participation may also reflect the impact of Joseph's leadership during the years of famine, where he played a crucial role in preserving the nation. The event serves as a testament to the unity and cooperation between the Egyptians and the Hebrews during Joseph's time.

along with all of Joseph’s household
This phrase indicates the inclusion of Joseph's immediate family and servants. Joseph, being a high-ranking official in Egypt, would have had a substantial household. This reflects the Egyptian custom where officials had large retinues. The presence of his household underscores the importance of the event, as it was customary for significant family members to attend funerals.

and his brothers
Joseph's brothers, the sons of Jacob, are specifically mentioned, highlighting the reconciliation and unity within the family after past conflicts. This unity is significant in the narrative of Genesis, as it fulfills the earlier dreams of Joseph where his brothers would bow to him, now seen in their respect and participation in the burial of their father.

and his father’s household
This includes the extended family and servants of Jacob, emphasizing the patriarchal structure of the family. The mention of Jacob's household reflects the importance of family lineage and heritage in the biblical narrative, as Jacob (Israel) is the father of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Only their children and flocks and herds were left in Goshen
Goshen was the region in Egypt where the Israelites settled, known for its fertile land. The decision to leave the children and livestock behind suggests practical considerations, ensuring their safety and care during the journey. This also indicates the temporary nature of the journey, as they intended to return. The mention of Goshen ties back to Genesis 47, where Pharaoh granted this land to Jacob's family, showing God's provision and favor.

Chariots and horsemen alike went up with him
This phrase indicates the presence of a significant military escort accompanying Joseph as he went to bury his father, Jacob. In ancient Egypt, chariots and horsemen were symbols of power and prestige, often used in military contexts. The inclusion of such a formidable escort suggests the high regard in which Joseph was held in Egypt, as well as the importance of the event. This military presence underscores the respect Pharaoh had for Joseph, allowing him to honor his father with such a grand procession. The use of chariots and horsemen also reflects the Egyptian influence on Joseph's life, as he had risen to a position of great authority in Pharaoh's court.

and it was an exceedingly large procession
The size of the procession highlights the significance of Jacob's burial and the honor accorded to him. This large gathering would have included not only Joseph's family but also Egyptian officials and dignitaries, indicating the integration of Joseph's family into Egyptian society. The grand scale of the procession can be seen as a fulfillment of God's promise to make Abraham's descendants a great nation, as even in death, Jacob is honored by a multitude. This event foreshadows the eventual Exodus, where a large group of Israelites will leave Egypt, led by Moses. The procession also serves as a type of Christ, as it prefigures the honor and reverence given to Jesus in His burial, despite His humble beginnings.

When they reached the threshing floor of Atad
The threshing floor of Atad is a significant location in the narrative of Jacob's burial. Threshing floors were typically situated on elevated ground to take advantage of the wind for separating grain from chaff. This location, Atad, is not mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, suggesting it was a notable landmark for this event. The use of a threshing floor for mourning may symbolize separation and purification, akin to the threshing process.

which is across the Jordan
This phrase indicates the geographical setting of the event. "Across the Jordan" suggests that the location is on the east side of the Jordan River, which is significant as it marks a transition from Egypt back towards the Promised Land. This journey mirrors the future exodus of the Israelites, symbolizing a return to the land God promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

they lamented and wailed loudly
The act of lamenting and wailing is a traditional expression of grief in ancient Near Eastern cultures. This public display of mourning reflects the deep sorrow felt by Joseph and his family. It also underscores the importance of Jacob as a patriarch, whose death warranted such a significant expression of grief. The communal aspect of mourning highlights the unity and shared loss among Jacob's descendants.

and Joseph mourned for his father seven days
The seven-day mourning period is a traditional time frame for mourning in Jewish culture, known as "shiva." This practice is still observed today, emphasizing the continuity of cultural traditions. Joseph's mourning for seven days signifies completeness and respect for his father. It also reflects Joseph's deep personal loss and his role as a devoted son. The number seven often symbolizes perfection or completion in the Bible, indicating the fullness of Joseph's grief.

When the Canaanites of the land saw the mourning at the threshing floor of Atad
The Canaanites were the original inhabitants of the land of Canaan, which God promised to Abraham and his descendants. The mention of the Canaanites observing the mourning indicates the public nature of the event. The threshing floor of Atad was likely a significant landmark, possibly a large, open area suitable for gathering. Threshing floors were often located on elevated ground, which would make the mourning visible from a distance. This public display of mourning by the Egyptians would have been unusual and noteworthy to the Canaanites, highlighting the importance of the deceased, Jacob, and the respect he commanded.

they said, “This is a solemn ceremony of mourning by the Egyptians.”
The Egyptians were known for their elaborate burial customs and mourning practices, which were deeply tied to their beliefs about the afterlife. The Canaanites' recognition of the ceremony as Egyptian underscores the cultural differences between the two groups. This statement reflects the impact of Joseph's high status in Egypt, as he was able to command such a significant mourning procession for his father. The Egyptians' participation in the mourning also signifies the respect and honor Joseph had earned in Egypt, as well as the influence of Egyptian customs on the event.

Thus the place across the Jordan is called Abel-mizraim.
The name "Abel-mizraim" translates to "mourning of the Egyptians." The location "across the Jordan" suggests that the event took place on the eastern side of the Jordan River, which is significant as it marks the boundary of the Promised Land. This naming of the place serves as a historical marker, commemorating the event and the cross-cultural interaction between the Egyptians and the Canaanites. The naming also reflects the lasting impact of the mourning on the local population, as it was significant enough to be remembered and recorded in the biblical narrative.

So Jacob’s sons did
This phrase highlights the obedience of Jacob's sons to their father's wishes. It reflects the importance of honoring one's parents, a principle deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices of the time. This act of obedience is consistent with the commandment later given in Exodus 20:12, "Honor your father and your mother." The sons' actions also demonstrate unity among the brothers, which contrasts with their earlier discord, such as the selling of Joseph into slavery.

as he had charged them.
Jacob's charge to his sons was to bury him in the cave of Machpelah, which he had purchased as a burial site for his family (Genesis 49:29-32). This cave is located in Hebron, in the land of Canaan, and holds significant ancestral importance as the burial place of Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah, and Leah. The fulfillment of Jacob's request underscores the importance of burial customs and the connection to the Promised Land, which God had sworn to give to Abraham and his descendants. This act of fulfilling Jacob's charge can be seen as a type of Christ, who also fulfilled the will of His Father, as seen in John 6:38, "For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me."

They carried him to the land of Canaan
This phrase refers to the journey Joseph and his brothers undertook to fulfill Jacob's dying wish to be buried in Canaan. Canaan is the land promised by God to Abraham and his descendants (Genesis 12:7). This act signifies the importance of the Promised Land in the patriarchal narratives and the faithfulness of the family to God's covenant promises.

and buried him in the cave at Machpelah
The cave of Machpelah is a significant burial site for the patriarchs. It is the same location where Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, and Leah were buried (Genesis 49:31). This burial site underscores the continuity of God's covenant with Abraham's descendants and the importance of family heritage and legacy.

in the field near Mamre
Mamre is located near Hebron, a significant location in the patriarchal narratives. It is where Abraham settled and built an altar to the Lord (Genesis 13:18). The mention of Mamre ties Jacob's burial to the broader narrative of God's interactions with the patriarchs in this region.

which Abraham had purchased from Ephron the Hittite
This purchase is recorded in Genesis 23, where Abraham buys the field and cave from Ephron the Hittite as a family burial site. This transaction is one of the few instances of land ownership by the patriarchs in Canaan, symbolizing a tangible claim to the Promised Land and the fulfillment of God's promises.

as a burial site
The burial of Jacob in this location emphasizes the faith of the patriarchs in God's promises. It also foreshadows the eventual return of the Israelites to Canaan, as Jacob's burial in the Promised Land is a precursor to the Exodus and the conquest of Canaan under Joshua. This act of burial is a testament to the hope in God's future fulfillment of His covenant.

After Joseph had buried his father
This phrase marks the conclusion of a significant event in Joseph's life—the burial of his father, Jacob. Jacob's death and burial are pivotal moments, as Jacob was a patriarch whose life and actions were foundational to the history of Israel. The burial took place in the cave of Machpelah, a site purchased by Abraham (Genesis 23:19-20), which underscores the importance of the Promised Land. This act of burial signifies the fulfillment of Jacob's request to be laid to rest with his ancestors, highlighting the continuity of God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

he returned to Egypt
Joseph's return to Egypt signifies his continued role and responsibilities as a leader in a foreign land. Egypt, at this time, was a place of refuge and provision for Jacob's family during the famine, yet it also foreshadows the eventual enslavement of the Israelites. Joseph's return indicates his commitment to his duties in Egypt, where he had risen to power under Pharaoh. This return also sets the stage for the eventual Exodus, as foretold to Abraham in Genesis 15:13-14.

with his brothers
Joseph's brothers accompany him back to Egypt, reflecting the unity and reconciliation that had been achieved within the family. This unity is significant given their earlier betrayal of Joseph (Genesis 37:18-28). The brothers' presence also emphasizes the collective responsibility and shared heritage of the sons of Israel, who would become the twelve tribes. Their return to Egypt is a reminder of the temporary nature of their stay in the land of Canaan, as they await the fulfillment of God's promises.

and all who had gone with him to bury his father
This phrase includes the entourage that accompanied Joseph, which likely consisted of Egyptian officials and servants, as well as members of Jacob's household. The presence of Egyptians highlights Joseph's high status and the respect he commanded in Egypt. It also illustrates the cultural and political connections between Egypt and the family of Israel at this time. The large group signifies the importance of the burial and the honor given to Jacob, reflecting the fulfillment of God's promise to make Jacob's descendants a great nation.

When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead
The death of Jacob marks a significant transition in the narrative. Jacob, also known as Israel, was a patriarch whose presence provided a sense of unity and protection for his sons. His death likely heightened the brothers' anxiety, as they feared the loss of their father's mediating influence. This moment reflects the cultural importance of patriarchal figures in ancient Near Eastern societies, where the father's role was central to family cohesion and decision-making.

they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge?
The brothers' concern reveals their guilt and fear of retribution. Despite Joseph's previous forgiveness, they doubt his sincerity, reflecting their own understanding of justice and revenge common in ancient cultures. This phrase highlights the human tendency to project one's own fears and insecurities onto others. It also underscores the theme of forgiveness and reconciliation, which is central to Joseph's story and foreshadows the New Testament teachings on forgiveness.

Then he will surely repay us for all the evil that we did to him.”
The brothers acknowledge their wrongdoing, referring to their past actions as "evil." This admission is significant, as it shows their awareness of the moral gravity of their actions. The concept of retribution was prevalent in ancient legal systems, such as the Code of Hammurabi, which emphasized "an eye for an eye." However, Joseph's response to his brothers later in the chapter exemplifies a departure from this principle, aligning more closely with the teachings of Jesus Christ, who advocated for forgiveness and love for one's enemies. This moment also serves as a type of Christ, as Joseph's forgiveness and grace prefigure the ultimate forgiveness offered through Jesus.

So they sent word to Joseph, saying,
This phrase indicates a communication method used by Joseph's brothers, reflecting the cultural practices of the time where direct confrontation might be avoided in favor of sending messages. This approach shows their fear and uncertainty about Joseph's reaction after Jacob's death. It highlights the ongoing tension and lack of trust within the family, despite Joseph's previous forgiveness. The act of sending a message rather than speaking directly can be seen as a strategic move to ensure their safety and to appeal to Joseph's sense of duty and family loyalty.

“Before he died,
This phrase sets the timing of the command, emphasizing the importance of a patriarch's last words in ancient Near Eastern culture. A father's dying wishes were considered binding and carried significant weight, often seen as a final testament or blessing. This context underscores the seriousness with which the brothers present their message, attempting to invoke Jacob's authority to influence Joseph's actions.

your father commanded,
The use of "your father" rather than "our father" may be an attempt to personalize the message and appeal to Joseph's filial duty. It suggests a strategic emphasis on Joseph's relationship with Jacob, possibly to remind him of his father's love and expectations. This phrase also reflects the hierarchical family structure, where the father's commands were expected to be obeyed by all family members. The invocation of Jacob's command serves to legitimize the brothers' request and to remind Joseph of the family unity and reconciliation that Jacob desired.

This is what you are to say to Joseph:
This phrase indicates a message being relayed to Joseph, highlighting the importance of communication and mediation in resolving conflicts. In the broader context of Genesis, Joseph's brothers are seeking reconciliation after their betrayal. This reflects the biblical theme of repentance and forgiveness, which is central to the narrative of Joseph and his brothers.

I beg you, please forgive the transgression and sin of your brothers:
The plea for forgiveness underscores the gravity of the brothers' actions against Joseph, which included selling him into slavery. The use of both "transgression" and "sin" emphasizes the seriousness of their wrongdoing. This reflects the biblical principle that true repentance involves acknowledging one's sins and seeking forgiveness. The request for forgiveness is a precursor to the New Testament teachings on forgiveness, as seen in Matthew 6:14-15.

for they did you wrong:
This phrase acknowledges the harm caused to Joseph, which is an essential step in the process of reconciliation. It is a confession of guilt, aligning with the biblical concept that confession is necessary for forgiveness. The wrong done to Joseph is a type of the suffering of Christ, who was also wronged by those He came to save.

So now, Joseph, please forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of your father.”
This appeal to Joseph's faith and his father's God highlights the covenant relationship with God that the family shares. It serves as a reminder of the spiritual heritage and the importance of maintaining unity among God's people. The reference to "the God of your father" connects to the patriarchal promises given to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenant.

When their message came to him, Joseph wept.
Joseph's weeping reveals his deep emotional response, indicating both his compassion and the pain of past wounds. This mirrors the heart of God, who is moved by repentance and seeks restoration. Joseph's tears can be seen as a type of Christ's compassion, as Jesus wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41) and at the tomb of Lazarus (John 11:35), showing His empathy and love for humanity.

His brothers also came to him
This phrase highlights the reconciliation process between Joseph and his brothers. After the death of their father Jacob, the brothers feared retribution from Joseph for their past wrongs. This act of coming to Joseph signifies their acknowledgment of past sins and their need for forgiveness. It reflects the broader biblical theme of repentance and reconciliation, as seen in other scriptures like Matthew 5:23-24, which emphasizes the importance of seeking reconciliation with others.

bowed down before him
This act of bowing fulfills Joseph's earlier dreams (Genesis 37:5-10) where his brothers' sheaves bowed to his sheaf. It signifies the fulfillment of God's prophetic word and demonstrates the sovereignty of God in bringing His plans to fruition. Bowing is also a cultural expression of submission and respect, common in ancient Near Eastern societies, indicating their acceptance of Joseph's authority.

and said, “We are your slaves!”
The brothers' declaration of themselves as slaves is an expression of their fear and submission. It echoes their earlier guilt and recognition of wrongdoing (Genesis 42:21). This statement also contrasts with Joseph's earlier position as a slave in Egypt, highlighting the reversal of roles and the theme of divine justice and mercy. It prefigures the New Testament concept of servanthood, where believers are called to be servants of Christ (Romans 6:22), and reflects the humility required for true repentance and forgiveness.

But Joseph replied
Joseph's response comes after his brothers express fear that he might seek revenge following their father's death. This reflects Joseph's consistent character of forgiveness and grace, which is evident throughout his story. His reply is a continuation of his earlier assurances to his brothers, demonstrating his understanding of God's sovereignty and his role in God's plan.

Do not be afraid.
Joseph's reassurance to his brothers highlights his desire to alleviate their fear and guilt. This echoes the biblical theme of "fear not," which appears frequently throughout Scripture, often as a divine message to God's people. Joseph's words are reminiscent of God's assurances to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, emphasizing trust in God's providence.

Am I in the place of God?
Joseph acknowledges that ultimate judgment belongs to God alone. This reflects a deep theological understanding that vengeance and justice are divine prerogatives. Joseph's humility and recognition of God's authority are consistent with biblical teachings found in Deuteronomy 32:35 and Romans 12:19, which affirm that vengeance is the Lord's. This phrase also prefigures Christ, who, though having the authority, chose forgiveness and mercy, exemplifying the ultimate submission to God's will.

As for you,
This phrase addresses Joseph's brothers, who had previously sold him into slavery. It highlights the personal nature of the conversation and the direct accountability of the brothers' actions. This moment is a culmination of a long narrative arc that began in Genesis 37, where Joseph's brothers acted out of jealousy and hatred.

what you intended against me for evil,
The brothers' intentions were rooted in malice and jealousy, as they sought to rid themselves of Joseph, whom they saw as a threat due to their father's favoritism. This reflects the human tendency towards sin and the destructive nature of envy, as seen in other biblical narratives like Cain and Abel (Genesis 4).

God intended for good,
This statement underscores the sovereignty of God, who can transform human evil into divine good. It echoes the theme of Romans 8:28, where God works all things for the good of those who love Him. It also foreshadows the ultimate good brought through Jesus Christ, who, though crucified by evil intentions, brought salvation to humanity.

in order to accomplish a day like this—
The phrase points to the specific outcome of Joseph's rise to power in Egypt, which was part of God's larger plan. This reflects the providential nature of God's plans, which often unfold over time and through unexpected means. It also connects to the broader biblical theme of God's timing and purpose, as seen in Ecclesiastes 3:1.

to preserve the lives of many people.
Joseph's position in Egypt allowed him to save not only his family but also many others during a severe famine. This act of preservation is a type of Christ, who came to save humanity from spiritual death. It also fulfills God's promise to Abraham in Genesis 12:3, that through his descendants, all nations would be blessed.

Therefore do not be afraid.
This phrase reflects Joseph's reassurance to his brothers after the death of their father, Jacob. The brothers feared retribution for their past actions against Joseph. This echoes the biblical theme of God's people being told not to fear, as seen in passages like Joshua 1:9 and Isaiah 41:10. It highlights the importance of trust in God's providence and forgiveness.

I will provide for you and your little ones.
Joseph promises to care for his brothers and their families, demonstrating his role as a provider and protector. This reflects the cultural importance of family and kinship in ancient Near Eastern societies. Joseph's actions prefigure Christ's provision for His people, as seen in John 6:35, where Jesus declares Himself the bread of life, providing for spiritual needs.

So Joseph reassured his brothers
Joseph's reassurance is a testament to his forgiveness and grace, mirroring God's forgiveness of humanity. This act of reconciliation is a key theme in the Bible, seen in the parable of the prodigal son (Luke 15:11-32) and the teachings of Jesus on forgiveness (Matthew 18:21-22). Joseph's ability to forgive is a type of Christ, who forgives and reconciles sinners to God.

and spoke kindly to them.
Joseph's kind words reflect the biblical principle of speaking with grace and love, as instructed in Ephesians 4:29. This kindness is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) and is essential in maintaining unity and peace within the community. Joseph's demeanor is a model for Christian conduct, emphasizing the power of words to heal and restore relationships.

Now Joseph and his father’s household remained in Egypt
Joseph, having risen to a position of power in Egypt, ensured the survival of his family during a severe famine. This phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would be strangers in a foreign land (Genesis 15:13). The presence of Joseph's family in Egypt sets the stage for the eventual enslavement and subsequent Exodus, a pivotal event in Israelite history. Theologically, this period in Egypt is seen as a time of preservation and growth for the nascent nation of Israel.

and Joseph lived to the age of 110
Joseph's lifespan of 110 years is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context, where 110 was considered an ideal age, symbolizing a full and blessed life. This reflects the favor and blessing Joseph received from God throughout his life, despite the trials he faced. His long life allowed him to see the fulfillment of God's promises to his family and to ensure the continuation of the covenant through his descendants. Joseph's life can be seen as a type of Christ, as he was a savior to his people, providing for them in times of need, much like Christ provides salvation.

He saw Ephraim’s sons to the third generation
This phrase highlights Joseph's longevity and God's blessing upon his family. Seeing descendants to the third generation signifies a full and blessed life, as longevity was considered a sign of divine favor. Ephraim, Joseph's younger son, was blessed by Jacob to become greater than his older brother Manasseh (Genesis 48:19). This fulfillment of Jacob's blessing is evident as Joseph witnesses Ephraim's lineage prospering. The mention of the third generation also connects to the biblical theme of generational blessings and the continuity of God's promises through family lines.

and indeed the sons of Machir son of Manasseh
Machir is the firstborn of Manasseh, Joseph's other son. The mention of Machir's sons indicates the continuation of Joseph's lineage through both of his sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. Machir's descendants would later become significant in Israel's history, as they settled in the region of Gilead, east of the Jordan River (Numbers 32:39-40). This geographical detail underscores the expansion and establishment of the tribes of Israel in the Promised Land, fulfilling God's covenant with Abraham regarding his descendants.

were brought up on Joseph’s knees
This phrase suggests a close familial relationship and Joseph's active role in the upbringing of his grandchildren. In ancient Near Eastern culture, placing children on one's knees symbolized adoption or acceptance into the family. It reflects Joseph's affection and responsibility towards his descendants, ensuring they are raised in the knowledge of their heritage and faith. This act can also be seen as a type of Christ, who welcomes believers into the family of God, offering them care and spiritual inheritance.

Then Joseph said to his brothers,
Joseph, a key figure in the history of Israel, is addressing his brothers, the patriarchs of the twelve tribes of Israel. This moment is significant as it marks the end of an era for the family of Jacob, who had settled in Egypt during a time of famine. Joseph's relationship with his brothers, once strained due to their betrayal, has been reconciled, symbolizing forgiveness and unity within the family of God’s chosen people.

“I am about to die,
Joseph acknowledges his impending death, a reminder of the mortality that all humans face. His awareness of death reflects the biblical theme of life’s transience and the importance of faith in God's promises beyond this life. Joseph's death marks the end of his leadership and the beginning of a new chapter for the Israelites in Egypt.

but God will surely visit you
This phrase indicates Joseph's faith in God's continued presence and intervention in the lives of the Israelites. The term "visit" implies divine attention and action, suggesting that God will not abandon His people. This foreshadows the Exodus, where God indeed visits His people to deliver them from bondage, fulfilling His covenant promises.

and bring you up from this land
Joseph prophesies the future Exodus, where God will lead the Israelites out of Egypt. This promise of deliverance is a central theme in the Old Testament, symbolizing salvation and liberation. The phrase "bring you up" suggests a physical and spiritual elevation, moving from a place of oppression to one of freedom and blessing.

to the land He promised on oath
The land referred to is Canaan, the Promised Land, which God swore to give to the descendants of Abraham. This promise is a cornerstone of the Abrahamic covenant, emphasizing God's faithfulness and the importance of the land in Israel's identity and destiny. The oath underscores the certainty and unchangeable nature of God's promises.

to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”
By mentioning the patriarchs, Joseph connects the current generation to the foundational promises made to their forefathers. This lineage highlights the continuity of God's covenant and the unfolding of His redemptive plan through successive generations. It also points to the faithfulness of God in keeping His promises, despite human failings. The patriarchs are types of Christ, as they prefigure the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises through Jesus, who brings spiritual deliverance and the hope of eternal life.

And Joseph made the sons of Israel take an oath
Joseph, as a leader and patriarch, ensures that his final wishes are respected by binding his brothers with an oath. This reflects the importance of oaths in ancient Near Eastern culture, where spoken promises were considered binding and sacred. The act of making an oath also signifies the seriousness of Joseph's request and his faith in God's promises to his forefathers. Oaths were often used to ensure future actions, as seen in Genesis 24:2-9 when Abraham made his servant swear to find a wife for Isaac from his own people.

and said, “God will surely attend to you,
Joseph expresses his unwavering faith in God's providence and future deliverance of Israel. This statement is prophetic, anticipating the Exodus when God would indeed "attend" to the Israelites by delivering them from Egyptian bondage. It echoes God's covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15:13-14, where God foretold the enslavement and eventual liberation of Abraham's descendants. Joseph's confidence in God's faithfulness serves as a model of trust for believers.

and then you must carry my bones up from this place.”
Joseph's request to have his bones carried to the Promised Land signifies his deep connection to God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It underscores the importance of the land promised by God and Joseph's desire to be part of that promise even in death. This act prefigures the Exodus, as Joseph's bones were indeed carried out of Egypt by Moses, as recorded in Exodus 13:19. It also symbolizes the hope of resurrection and eternal life, themes that are fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate deliverer and fulfiller of God's promises.

So Joseph died at the age of 110.
Joseph's lifespan of 110 years is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context, where 110 was considered an ideal age, symbolizing a full and blessed life. This reflects the Egyptian influence on Joseph's life, as he spent the majority of his years in Egypt. His age at death also connects to the patriarchal narratives, where long life is often seen as a sign of divine favor. Joseph's life, marked by faithfulness and leadership, fulfilled God's promises to the patriarchs, serving as a bridge between the stories of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and the forthcoming narrative of the Exodus.

And they embalmed his body
The embalming of Joseph's body indicates his high status in Egyptian society, as embalming was typically reserved for royalty and the elite. This process, which involved preserving the body for the afterlife, aligns with Egyptian customs and beliefs about death and the afterlife. Joseph's embalming signifies his integration into Egyptian culture while maintaining his Hebrew identity, as he requested to be eventually buried in Canaan, the land promised to his ancestors.

and placed it in a coffin in Egypt.
The placement of Joseph's body in a coffin is another indication of Egyptian influence, as coffins were commonly used in Egyptian burial practices. This act also foreshadows the future Exodus, as Joseph's remains would later be carried out of Egypt by the Israelites, fulfilling his request to be buried in the Promised Land. This connects to the broader biblical theme of God's faithfulness to His promises, as Joseph's burial in Canaan would symbolize the eventual return of the Israelites to their ancestral land. Joseph's life and death serve as a type of Christ, prefiguring Jesus' role as a savior and leader who, though integrated into the world, ultimately fulfills God's redemptive plan.