After six days
This phrase indicates a specific time frame following the events of Matthew 16, where Jesus spoke about His suffering, death, and resurrection. The six days may symbolize a period of preparation or anticipation, reminiscent of the six days of creation, leading to a significant revelation on the seventh day.

Jesus took with Him
Jesus intentionally selects certain disciples for this experience, highlighting His role as a teacher and leader. This act of taking them signifies a purposeful invitation to witness something extraordinary, emphasizing the importance of the event.

Peter, James, and John the brother of James
These three disciples form an inner circle, often present at key moments in Jesus' ministry, such as the raising of Jairus' daughter and the Garden of Gethsemane. Their selection underscores their future leadership roles in the early church and their unique experiences with Jesus.

and led them up a high mountain
Mountains in biblical narratives often serve as places of divine revelation and encounter with God, such as Mount Sinai for Moses and Mount Carmel for Elijah. The specific mountain is not named, but tradition often identifies it as Mount Tabor or Mount Hermon. The ascent signifies a journey towards a spiritual encounter.

by themselves
This phrase indicates privacy and exclusivity, suggesting that the forthcoming event is meant for these disciples alone. It emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of the revelation they are about to witness, away from the crowds and distractions.

There He was transfigured before them.
The transfiguration of Jesus is a pivotal moment in the Gospels, revealing His divine nature to Peter, James, and John. The Greek word for "transfigured" is "metamorphoo," indicating a transformation that reveals His true glory. This event occurs on a high mountain, traditionally identified as Mount Tabor, though some suggest Mount Hermon due to its proximity to Caesarea Philippi. The transfiguration serves as a fulfillment of Jesus' promise in Matthew 16:28 that some would not taste death before seeing the Son of Man coming in His kingdom. It also echoes the transformation of Moses' face after encountering God on Mount Sinai (Exodus 34:29-35), highlighting Jesus as the greater Moses and the ultimate mediator between God and humanity.

His face shone like the sun,
The shining face of Jesus symbolizes His divine glory and purity. This imagery is reminiscent of the Old Testament descriptions of God's glory, such as in Psalm 104:2, where God is described as covering Himself with light as with a garment. The brightness of Jesus' face also parallels the vision of the glorified Christ in Revelation 1:16, where His face is described as shining like the sun in its full strength. This radiance signifies the presence of God and serves as a foretaste of the eschatological glory that believers will witness in the kingdom of heaven.

and His clothes became as white as the light.
The transformation of Jesus' clothes to a dazzling white signifies purity, holiness, and the righteousness of God. White garments are often associated with heavenly beings and the redeemed in Scripture, as seen in Revelation 7:9, where the great multitude stands before the throne in white robes. This imagery underscores Jesus' sinlessness and His role as the spotless Lamb of God. The whiteness of His garments also connects to Daniel 7:9, where the Ancient of Days is described with clothing as white as snow, further affirming Jesus' divine identity and authority.

Suddenly
The sudden appearance emphasizes the miraculous nature of the event. It underscores the divine intervention and the supernatural aspect of the Transfiguration. This moment is unexpected and highlights the immediacy of God's revelation.

Moses and Elijah
Moses represents the Law, and Elijah represents the Prophets, symbolizing the entirety of the Old Testament. Their presence signifies the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets in Jesus. Moses, the great lawgiver, and Elijah, the prominent prophet, both had significant encounters with God on mountains (Sinai and Carmel, respectively), which parallels the setting of the Transfiguration.

appeared before them
This indicates a visible, tangible presence, affirming the reality of the event to the disciples. It also suggests the continuity of life after death, as both figures are alive and recognizable. The appearance before the disciples serves as a witness to Jesus' divine authority and the continuity of God's plan.

talking with Jesus
The conversation signifies the unity and continuity of God's redemptive plan through Jesus. It suggests a discussion of Jesus' impending death and resurrection, as indicated in Luke 9:31, where they speak of His "departure." This dialogue highlights Jesus as the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets, and the central figure in God's salvation history.

Peter said to Jesus
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, addresses Jesus directly. This reflects Peter's impulsive nature and his close relationship with Jesus. In the context of the Transfiguration, Peter's response is immediate and unfiltered, showing his awe and desire to honor the moment.

Lord, it is good for us to be here.
Peter acknowledges the significance of the event. The Transfiguration is a divine revelation of Jesus' glory, affirming His identity as the Son of God. Peter's statement reflects a desire to remain in this holy moment, recognizing the spiritual blessing of witnessing such a revelation.

If You wish,
Peter shows deference to Jesus' authority, indicating his willingness to act according to Jesus' will. This phrase underscores the importance of seeking divine guidance and aligning human actions with God's purposes.

I will put up three shelters—
The suggestion to build shelters, or booths, may allude to the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles, which commemorates God's provision during the Israelites' wilderness journey. This reflects Peter's attempt to honor the presence of Jesus, Moses, and Elijah, and to preserve the sacredness of the moment.

one for You,
Peter prioritizes Jesus, acknowledging His preeminence even among revered figures like Moses and Elijah. This highlights Jesus' unique role in salvation history as the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets.

one for Moses,
Moses represents the Law, and his presence at the Transfiguration signifies the continuity and fulfillment of the Old Covenant in Jesus. Moses' appearance alongside Jesus underscores the prophetic witness to Jesus' mission and identity.

and one for Elijah.
Elijah, representing the Prophets, is significant for his role in preparing the way for the Messiah. His presence at the Transfiguration points to the prophetic expectation of the coming of the Lord and the fulfillment of prophecy in Jesus. Elijah's return is also linked to the eschatological hope found in Malachi 4:5-6.

While Peter was still speaking
This phrase highlights the interruption of Peter's attempt to build shelters for Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. It underscores the divine authority and timing, emphasizing that human plans are secondary to God's purposes. This moment occurs during the Transfiguration, a pivotal event where Jesus' divine nature is revealed to Peter, James, and John.

a bright cloud enveloped them
The bright cloud signifies the presence of God, reminiscent of the Shekinah glory that filled the tabernacle and temple in the Old Testament (Exodus 40:34-35, 1 Kings 8:10-11). This cloud is a visible manifestation of God's glory and presence, linking the event to the divine encounters of the past, such as the cloud that led the Israelites in the wilderness.

and a voice from the cloud said
The voice from the cloud is the voice of God the Father, directly communicating with the disciples. This divine voice is rare and significant, as it confirms Jesus' identity and mission. It parallels God's voice at Jesus' baptism (Matthew 3:17), reinforcing the divine approval and authority of Jesus' ministry.

“This is My beloved Son
This declaration affirms Jesus' unique relationship with the Father, echoing Psalm 2:7, a messianic psalm that speaks of the anointed king. The term "beloved" indicates a deep, unique love and approval, setting Jesus apart as the chosen one, fulfilling the role of the promised Messiah.

in whom I am well pleased
This phrase reiterates God's approval of Jesus, similar to the affirmation at His baptism. It underscores Jesus' perfect obedience and alignment with the Father's will, fulfilling the righteous requirements of the law and the prophets. This divine pleasure is a testament to Jesus' sinless nature and His role as the perfect sacrifice.

Listen to Him!”
This command elevates Jesus above Moses and Elijah, representing the law and the prophets, respectively. It signifies the transition from the old covenant to the new, where Jesus is the ultimate authority and revelation of God's will. The directive to "listen" echoes Deuteronomy 18:15, where Moses speaks of a prophet like him whom the people must heed, pointing to Jesus as the fulfillment of that prophecy.

When the disciples heard this
The context of this phrase is the Transfiguration of Jesus, where Peter, James, and John witness Jesus in His glorified state alongside Moses and Elijah. The "this" refers to the voice of God the Father speaking from the cloud, declaring Jesus as His beloved Son. This divine revelation underscores Jesus' authority and divinity, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. The disciples' hearing of God's voice directly is a rare and profound experience, echoing instances like God's communication with Moses on Mount Sinai.

they fell facedown
Falling facedown is a common biblical response to divine encounters, signifying reverence, submission, and worship. This posture is seen throughout Scripture, such as in Genesis 17:3 when Abram falls facedown before God, and in Ezekiel 1:28 when Ezekiel sees the glory of the Lord. It reflects the disciples' recognition of the holiness and majesty of God, as well as their own humility and unworthiness in His presence.

in terror
The disciples' terror is a natural human reaction to the overwhelming presence of God's glory and the supernatural event they are witnessing. This fear is not merely fright but a profound awe and reverence for the divine. Similar reactions are seen in Isaiah 6:5, where Isaiah is struck with fear upon seeing the Lord, and in Revelation 1:17, where John falls as though dead at the sight of the glorified Christ. This terror underscores the transcendence of God and the seriousness of His revelation.

Then Jesus came over and touched them.
In this moment, Jesus demonstrates His compassion and personal care for His disciples. The act of touching is significant in biblical times, often associated with healing and comfort. In the context of the Transfiguration, where the disciples witnessed Jesus in His divine glory alongside Moses and Elijah, they were understandably overwhelmed and fearful. Jesus' touch serves as a reassurance of His presence and authority. This gesture is reminiscent of other instances in the Gospels where Jesus touches individuals to heal or comfort them, such as the healing of the leper (Matthew 8:3) and the raising of Jairus' daughter (Mark 5:41). The touch signifies a bridge between the divine and human, emphasizing Jesus' role as the mediator.

“Get up,” He said.
Jesus' command to "get up" is both literal and symbolic. Literally, He is encouraging the disciples to rise from their prostrate position, a common posture of fear or reverence in the presence of the divine. Symbolically, this command can be seen as an invitation to rise above fear and confusion, to stand firm in faith. Throughout the Bible, God often calls His people to rise and take action, as seen in the call of Joshua (Joshua 1:2) and the healing of the paralytic (John 5:8). This phrase underscores the theme of resurrection and new life, which is central to Jesus' ministry and foreshadows His own resurrection.

“Do not be afraid.”
Fear is a natural human response to the divine, as seen in various biblical accounts where individuals encounter God's presence or His messengers (e.g., Isaiah 6:5, Luke 1:30). Jesus' reassurance to "not be afraid" is a recurring theme in His teachings, emphasizing trust and faith in God's plan. This phrase is a direct counter to the fear that often accompanies the unknown or the supernatural. It reflects the peace that Jesus offers, as He frequently tells His followers not to fear (John 14:27). This assurance is rooted in the understanding that Jesus, as the Son of God, has authority over all things, and His presence is a source of comfort and strength.

And when they looked up
This phrase occurs immediately after the Transfiguration, a pivotal event where Jesus' divine nature is revealed to Peter, James, and John. The disciples had been overwhelmed by the vision of Jesus in His glorified state, alongside Moses and Elijah. The act of looking up signifies a return to their normal perception after experiencing a supernatural event. This moment marks a transition from divine revelation back to earthly reality, emphasizing the importance of focusing on Jesus amidst extraordinary experiences.

they saw no one
The disappearance of Moses and Elijah signifies the conclusion of the vision. Moses represents the Law, and Elijah represents the Prophets, both of which find their fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Their departure underscores the supremacy of Jesus and the new covenant He inaugurates. This moment highlights the transition from the old covenant to the new, where Jesus is the central figure. The absence of Moses and Elijah also serves to direct the disciples' attention solely to Jesus, reinforcing His unique role as the Messiah.

except Jesus
This phrase emphasizes the exclusivity and sufficiency of Christ. In the context of the Transfiguration, it underscores that Jesus alone is the mediator between God and humanity. The focus on Jesus alone aligns with the broader biblical narrative that He is the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets. This moment foreshadows the centrality of Christ in the New Testament and the Christian faith. It also serves as a reminder of the call to discipleship, where believers are to fix their eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of their faith.

As they were coming down the mountain
This phrase refers to the descent from the Mount of Transfiguration, where Jesus was transfigured before Peter, James, and John. The mountain is traditionally identified as Mount Tabor or Mount Hermon. The event signifies a pivotal moment in Jesus' ministry, revealing His divine glory. The mountain setting is significant in biblical narratives, often associated with divine encounters, such as Moses receiving the Law on Mount Sinai.

Jesus commanded them
Jesus' command underscores His authority and the importance of timing in revealing His identity and mission. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus often instructs His disciples with specific commands, emphasizing obedience and the unfolding of God's plan according to divine timing.

Do not tell anyone about this vision
The vision refers to the transfiguration, where Jesus' divine nature was revealed. The instruction to keep it secret highlights the concept of the "Messianic Secret," where Jesus often instructed His followers not to disclose His identity prematurely. This was to prevent misunderstandings about His mission as a political Messiah and to ensure that His path to the cross was not hindered.

until the Son of Man has been raised from the dead
The title "Son of Man" is a messianic term rooted in Daniel 7:13-14, emphasizing both Jesus' humanity and His divine authority. The reference to being "raised from the dead" foreshadows Jesus' resurrection, a cornerstone of Christian faith. This prophecy indicates that the full understanding of Jesus' identity and mission would only be possible after His resurrection, which would confirm His victory over sin and death.

The disciples asked Him
This phrase indicates a private conversation between Jesus and His disciples, highlighting their close relationship and their desire to understand His teachings. The disciples often sought clarification from Jesus, showing their role as learners and followers. This setting is significant as it follows the Transfiguration, where Jesus' divine nature was revealed to Peter, James, and John.

“Why then do the scribes say
The scribes were experts in the Jewish Law and were responsible for teaching and interpreting the Scriptures. Their teachings were highly respected, and they often referenced prophecies from the Old Testament. The disciples' question reflects their awareness of the scribes' teachings and their struggle to reconcile these teachings with what they have witnessed in Jesus' ministry.

that Elijah must come first?”
This refers to the prophecy found in Malachi 4:5-6, which states that Elijah will return before the "great and dreadful day of the LORD." The expectation of Elijah's return was a common belief in Jewish eschatology, symbolizing the restoration of all things and the coming of the Messiah. The disciples' question shows their confusion about the timing and fulfillment of this prophecy, especially after witnessing the Transfiguration, where Elijah appeared alongside Moses and Jesus. This moment underscores the connection between the Old Testament prophecies and their fulfillment in the New Testament through Jesus Christ.

Jesus replied
In this passage, Jesus is responding to a question from His disciples. This interaction occurs after the Transfiguration, where Jesus was revealed in His glory alongside Moses and Elijah. The disciples are confused about the prophecy concerning Elijah's return, as mentioned in Malachi 4:5-6. Jesus' reply is meant to clarify their understanding of prophetic fulfillment.

Elijah does indeed come
This phrase refers to the prophecy in Malachi that Elijah would return before the "great and dreadful day of the Lord." In Jewish tradition, Elijah is expected to come as a forerunner to the Messiah. Jesus affirms that this prophecy is true, indicating that Elijah's coming is part of God's redemptive plan. This can be seen as a reference to John the Baptist, who came in the "spirit and power of Elijah" (Luke 1:17), preparing the way for Jesus.

and he will restore all things
The restoration mentioned here involves a spiritual renewal and turning of hearts, as prophesied in Malachi. John the Baptist's ministry called people to repentance, preparing them for the coming of Christ. This restoration is not just a return to previous conditions but a transformation that aligns with God's kingdom purposes. It points to the ultimate restoration that will occur at the end of the age when Christ returns to establish His kingdom fully. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical theme of restoration found in passages like Acts 3:21, where Peter speaks of the "restoration of all things" through Jesus.

But I tell you that Elijah has already come
This phrase refers to the prophecy in Malachi 4:5-6, where it is foretold that Elijah would return before the "great and dreadful day of the Lord." In the context of Matthew 17, Jesus is speaking to His disciples after the Transfiguration, where they had seen Elijah with Moses. The reference to Elijah having already come is understood to mean John the Baptist, who came in the "spirit and power of Elijah" (Luke 1:17). This connection is significant because it highlights the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy and the role of John the Baptist as the forerunner to the Messiah, preparing the way for Jesus.

and they did not recognize him
The failure to recognize Elijah in the form of John the Baptist reflects the spiritual blindness of the religious leaders and many of the people of Israel. Despite John's powerful ministry and clear message of repentance, he was not accepted by the religious establishment. This lack of recognition is a recurring theme in the Gospels, where Jesus Himself is often not recognized as the Messiah by those who were expecting a different kind of deliverer. This phrase underscores the importance of spiritual discernment and openness to God's unfolding plan.

but have done to him whatever they wished
This part of the verse refers to the mistreatment and eventual execution of John the Baptist. Herod Antipas, influenced by Herodias, had John imprisoned and later beheaded (Matthew 14:3-12). The phrase "whatever they wished" indicates the extent of the rejection and hostility faced by God's messengers. It serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of prophetic ministry and the opposition that often accompanies the proclamation of truth.

In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.
Here, Jesus draws a parallel between the fate of John the Baptist and His own impending suffering. The title "Son of Man" is a messianic term that Jesus frequently uses for Himself, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine authority (Daniel 7:13-14). This prediction of suffering foreshadows Jesus' passion and crucifixion, where He would be rejected and put to death by the religious leaders and Roman authorities. The phrase highlights the continuity of God's redemptive plan and the fulfillment of prophecy, as well as the sacrificial nature of Jesus' mission.

Then the disciples understood
This phrase indicates a moment of realization and comprehension for the disciples. Throughout the Gospels, the disciples often struggle to grasp the full meaning of Jesus' teachings and actions. This moment of understanding is significant as it shows their growing insight into Jesus' mission and the fulfillment of prophecy. It reflects the gradual unveiling of spiritual truths to those who follow Christ closely.

that He was speaking to them
Jesus often spoke in parables and used symbolic language, which required discernment to understand. Here, the disciples recognize that Jesus is directly addressing them, emphasizing the importance of personal revelation and the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding believers to truth. This interaction highlights the intimate teacher-student relationship between Jesus and His disciples.

about John the Baptist.
John the Baptist is identified as the fulfillment of the prophecy concerning Elijah's return, as mentioned in Malachi 4:5-6. This connection is crucial because it underscores John's role in preparing the way for the Messiah, as foretold in Isaiah 40:3. John’s ministry of repentance and baptism set the stage for Jesus' own ministry. The recognition of John as the "Elijah" who was to come confirms the continuity of God's redemptive plan and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy in the New Testament narrative.

When they came to the crowd
This phrase indicates a transition from a private setting to a public one. Jesus, along with Peter, James, and John, had just descended from the Mount of Transfiguration, where they witnessed His divine glory. The "crowd" often represents the general populace, eager to see Jesus perform miracles or hear His teachings. Crowds were common in Jesus' ministry, reflecting His growing popularity and the people's desperation for healing and hope.

a man came up to Jesus
The man approaching Jesus signifies an act of faith and desperation. In the Gospels, individuals often sought Jesus out for healing, demonstrating belief in His power. This man's approach is a direct and personal appeal, highlighting the accessibility of Jesus to those in need. It reflects the cultural context where individuals would seek out rabbis or healers for help.

and knelt before Him
Kneeling is a posture of humility, respect, and worship. In the Jewish culture of the time, kneeling before someone was a sign of reverence and submission. This act indicates the man's recognition of Jesus' authority and possibly His divine nature. It parallels other instances in the Gospels where individuals kneel before Jesus, acknowledging His power and seeking His mercy.

Lord, have mercy on my son,
The plea for mercy reflects a deep recognition of Jesus' authority and compassion. In Jewish culture, addressing someone as "Lord" signifies respect and acknowledgment of their power. This mirrors other biblical instances where individuals seek Jesus' healing, such as the Canaanite woman in Matthew 15:22. The request for mercy is a common biblical theme, emphasizing human dependence on divine grace.

he said.
The father is the speaker, demonstrating his role as an intercessor for his child. This reflects the biblical principle of parental responsibility and advocacy, as seen in other scriptures where parents seek Jesus' help for their children, like Jairus in Mark 5:22-23.

He has seizures and is suffering terribly.
The description of seizures indicates a condition that was often misunderstood in ancient times. In the biblical context, such symptoms were sometimes attributed to demonic influence, as seen in other healing narratives. The term "suffering terribly" underscores the severity of the boy's condition, highlighting the urgent need for divine intervention.

He often falls into the fire or into the water.
This detail illustrates the physical danger and unpredictability of the boy's condition. Fire and water are elements frequently mentioned in scripture, symbolizing purification and chaos, respectively. The mention of these elements may also evoke the trials faced by believers, as seen in Isaiah 43:2, where God promises protection through fire and water. The father's concern reflects the constant vigilance required to protect his son from harm.

I brought him to Your disciples
This phrase indicates the father's initiative in seeking help for his son, demonstrating faith in the disciples' ability to heal. The disciples had previously been given authority to cast out demons and heal diseases (Matthew 10:1), which makes their inability in this instance noteworthy. This reflects the importance of faith and reliance on God’s power rather than human ability. The act of bringing the boy to the disciples also highlights the communal aspect of ministry and the expectation that Jesus' followers would carry on His work.

but they could not heal him.
The disciples' failure to heal the boy underscores a moment of spiritual weakness or lack of faith, as Jesus later points out in Matthew 17:20. This incident serves as a teaching moment about the necessity of faith and prayer (Mark 9:29). It also foreshadows the greater works that Jesus would accomplish, emphasizing His unique authority and power. The inability to heal contrasts with Jesus' consistent success in performing miracles, reinforcing His divine nature and the need for His followers to remain connected to Him. This moment also reflects the broader theme of human limitation and the need for divine intervention.

O unbelieving and perverse generation!
This phrase reflects Jesus' frustration with the lack of faith and spiritual understanding among the people, including His disciples. The term "unbelieving" indicates a failure to trust in God's power and promises, while "perverse" suggests a moral and spiritual corruption that distorts the truth. This echoes the language used in Deuteronomy 32:5, where Moses describes the Israelites as a "crooked and perverse generation," highlighting a recurring theme of faithlessness in Israel's history. Jesus' rebuke serves as a call to repentance and a reminder of the necessity of faith.

Jesus replied.
This indicates that Jesus is responding to a situation or question. In the context of Matthew 17, Jesus is addressing the inability of His disciples to cast out a demon from a boy. His response is not just to the disciples but to the broader audience, including the crowd and religious leaders, who often displayed skepticism and disbelief. This reply underscores Jesus' role as a teacher and prophet, confronting the spiritual state of the people.

How long must I remain with you?
This rhetorical question expresses Jesus' exasperation and highlights the limited time He has left on earth to teach and guide His followers. It reflects His awareness of His impending crucifixion and the urgency of His mission. The question also emphasizes the disciples' need to grow in faith and understanding, as Jesus will not always be physically present with them. This anticipates the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will empower and guide the believers after Jesus' ascension.

How long must I put up with you?
Here, Jesus conveys His patience and long-suffering nature, yet also His expectation for spiritual maturity among His followers. This echoes God's patience with Israel throughout the Old Testament, as seen in passages like Psalm 78:38, where God is described as compassionate and forgiving despite the people's rebellion. Jesus' endurance with human frailty and disbelief is a testament to His love and commitment to His redemptive mission.

Bring the boy here to Me.
This command demonstrates Jesus' authority and compassion. By instructing the boy to be brought to Him, Jesus shows His willingness to engage directly with human suffering and need. It also highlights His power over demonic forces, affirming His divine nature. This act of healing serves as a sign of the Kingdom of God breaking into the world, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 61:1, which speaks of the Messiah bringing deliverance and healing. Jesus' invitation to bring the boy to Him is a call to bring all burdens and struggles to Christ, who is able to provide true healing and restoration.

Then Jesus rebuked the demon
In this phrase, Jesus demonstrates His authority over the spiritual realm. The act of rebuking is a command that shows His power over demonic forces, a theme consistent throughout the Gospels. This authority is rooted in His divine nature, as seen in other instances such as Mark 1:25 and Luke 4:35. The rebuke signifies not only a verbal command but also a spiritual confrontation, emphasizing Jesus' role as the ultimate victor over evil.

and it came out of the boy
The immediate response of the demon to Jesus' command highlights the power of His word. This event is a fulfillment of the messianic prophecy in Isaiah 61:1, where the Messiah is described as one who sets captives free. The expulsion of the demon also serves as a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, where evil is defeated and God's reign is established. This act is a testament to Jesus' mission to liberate those oppressed by spiritual forces.

and he was healed from that moment
The healing of the boy is both physical and spiritual, illustrating the comprehensive nature of Jesus' miracles. The phrase "from that moment" indicates the immediacy and completeness of the healing, underscoring the transformative power of Jesus' intervention. This healing is a foretaste of the ultimate restoration promised in the eschatological hope of Revelation 21:4, where all suffering and pain will be eradicated. The boy's healing also serves as a type of the greater spiritual healing available through faith in Christ, as seen in passages like 1 Peter 2:24.

Afterward the disciples came to Jesus privately and asked,
This phrase indicates a moment of reflection and learning for the disciples. The context is the aftermath of their inability to cast out a demon from a boy, as described earlier in the chapter. The disciples approach Jesus privately, suggesting a sense of humility and a desire for understanding. This private setting indicates a close relationship between Jesus and His disciples, where they feel comfortable seeking guidance. It reflects the rabbinic tradition where disciples would often seek private instruction from their teacher. This moment underscores the importance of personal discipleship and the need for believers to seek deeper understanding from Christ.

“Why couldn’t we drive it out?”
The disciples' question reveals their confusion and concern over their failure. Previously, in Matthew 10:1, Jesus had given them authority over unclean spirits, which makes their inability here perplexing to them. This question highlights a moment of self-examination and a desire to understand the spiritual dynamics at play. It points to the necessity of faith and reliance on God’s power rather than their own abilities. This incident serves as a teaching moment about the nature of faith and the importance of prayer and fasting, as Jesus explains in the following verses. It also foreshadows the greater spiritual battles the disciples will face and the need for complete dependence on God.

Because you have so little faith,
He answered. Jesus addresses the disciples' lack of faith, which is a recurring theme in the Gospels. The disciples had been unable to cast out a demon, and Jesus attributes this failure to their insufficient faith. This highlights the importance of faith in the life of a believer, as seen in Hebrews 11:6, which states that without faith, it is impossible to please God. The disciples' struggle with faith is a reminder of the human tendency to doubt and the need for reliance on God.

For truly I tell you,
This phrase underscores the authority and truthfulness of Jesus' words. It is a common expression used by Jesus to emphasize the importance and certainty of His teachings. The use of "truly" (or "verily" in some translations) is a solemn affirmation, indicating that what follows is a foundational truth for the disciples and all believers.

if you have faith the size of a mustard seed,
The mustard seed is one of the smallest seeds known in the region, symbolizing something very small yet potent. Jesus uses this metaphor to illustrate that even a small amount of genuine faith can have great power. This imagery is consistent with other teachings of Jesus, such as the parable of the mustard seed in Matthew 13:31-32, where the kingdom of heaven is likened to a mustard seed that grows into a large tree.

you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move.
Mountains often symbolize insurmountable obstacles or challenges. Jesus uses hyperbolic language to convey that faith can overcome great difficulties. The specific mention of "this mountain" may refer to the Mount of Transfiguration or another nearby mountain, emphasizing the tangible reality of faith's power. This teaching is echoed in 1 Corinthians 13:2, where Paul speaks of faith that can move mountains, highlighting the transformative potential of faith in action.

Nothing will be impossible for you.
This statement reinforces the limitless possibilities available through faith in God. It aligns with other biblical promises, such as Philippians 4:13, which declares that believers can do all things through Christ who strengthens them. The emphasis is on God's power working through the believer's faith, rather than human ability alone. This assurance encourages believers to trust in God's sovereignty and power, even in seemingly impossible situations.

But this kind
This phrase refers to a specific type of demon or spiritual challenge that requires a deeper level of spiritual engagement. In the context of Matthew 17, Jesus is addressing the disciples' inability to cast out a demon from a boy. The term "this kind" suggests that there are varying levels of spiritual warfare, and some require more than the usual approach. This aligns with Ephesians 6:12, which speaks of wrestling against spiritual forces of evil.

does not go out
The phrase indicates the necessity of a deliberate and powerful action to expel the demon. In the Gospels, Jesus often casts out demons with a word, demonstrating His authority over the spiritual realm. The disciples' failure here highlights the need for a deeper reliance on spiritual disciplines. This echoes Mark 9:29, where Jesus also emphasizes the need for prayer.

except by prayer
Prayer is presented as a crucial element in overcoming significant spiritual obstacles. It is a means of aligning oneself with God's will and accessing His power. Throughout the Bible, prayer is shown as a powerful tool for believers, as seen in James 5:16, which states that the prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective. Jesus Himself often withdrew to pray, setting an example for His followers.

and fasting.
Fasting, coupled with prayer, is depicted as a way to intensify one's spiritual focus and dependence on God. In biblical times, fasting was a common practice for seeking God's guidance, repentance, or deliverance, as seen in the story of Esther (Esther 4:16) and the early church (Acts 13:2-3). Fasting is a form of self-denial that can heighten spiritual sensitivity and demonstrate earnestness in seeking God's intervention.

When they gathered together in Galilee
This gathering in Galilee marks a significant moment in Jesus' ministry. Galilee, a region in northern Israel, was a central location for much of Jesus' teaching and miracles. It was a diverse area with a mix of Jewish and Gentile populations, reflecting the broader mission of Jesus to reach all people. The gathering suggests a moment of intimacy and instruction among Jesus and His disciples, away from the crowds. Galilee is also where Jesus first called His disciples, making it a fitting place for this pivotal revelation.

Jesus told them
Jesus often used these moments with His disciples to prepare them for future events. His teachings were direct and personal, aimed at equipping them for the challenges ahead. This statement underscores the importance of His message and the need for the disciples to understand the gravity of what was to come. Jesus' role as a teacher and prophet is evident here, as He reveals future events with authority.

The Son of Man
This title, "Son of Man," is one Jesus frequently used for Himself. It has roots in Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a messianic figure with authority and dominion. By using this title, Jesus connects His mission to Old Testament prophecy, emphasizing His divine authority and role in God's redemptive plan. It highlights both His humanity and His divine mission, serving as a bridge between His earthly ministry and His heavenly authority.

is about to be delivered
The phrase "about to be delivered" indicates the imminence of Jesus' betrayal and suffering. It foreshadows the events leading to His crucifixion, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's plan for salvation. This delivery is not merely a human act of betrayal but part of a divine orchestration for redemption. It reflects the prophetic nature of Jesus' mission, as foretold in passages like Isaiah 53, which speaks of the suffering servant.

into the hands of men
This phrase highlights the human agency involved in Jesus' impending suffering. It underscores the reality of His betrayal by Judas and the subsequent actions of the religious leaders and Roman authorities. The "hands of men" signifies the earthly powers that will temporarily prevail over Jesus, yet it also points to the ultimate victory of God's plan through the resurrection. This phrase serves as a reminder of the tension between human free will and divine sovereignty in the unfolding of salvation history.

They will kill Him
This phrase refers to the prediction of Jesus' crucifixion. The use of "they" indicates the involvement of the Jewish leaders and Roman authorities, as seen in the Gospels. This aligns with prophecies such as Isaiah 53:7-9, which foretells the suffering and death of the Messiah. The act of killing Jesus was both a fulfillment of divine prophecy and a demonstration of human sinfulness. Historically, crucifixion was a Roman method of execution, emphasizing the political and religious tensions of the time.

and on the third day He will be raised to life.
This phrase highlights the prophecy of Jesus' resurrection, a cornerstone of Christian faith. The "third day" is significant, as it fulfills Old Testament typology, such as Jonah's three days in the belly of the fish (Jonah 1:17) and Hosea 6:2, which speaks of revival on the third day. The resurrection is a testament to Jesus' victory over sin and death, affirming His divine nature and the truth of His teachings. It also serves as a promise of eternal life for believers, as seen in 1 Corinthians 15:20-22.

And the disciples were deeply grieved.
The disciples' grief reflects their lack of understanding of the necessity and significance of Jesus' death and resurrection at that time. Their sorrow is indicative of their human perspective, unable to fully grasp the divine plan. This emotional response is consistent with their reactions in other parts of the Gospels, such as Peter's rebuke of Jesus in Matthew 16:22. The grief also underscores the personal relationship they had with Jesus, highlighting the loss they felt at the thought of His departure.

After they had arrived in Capernaum
Capernaum was a significant location in Jesus' ministry, often serving as His base of operations. Situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, it was a bustling fishing village and trade center. This setting is crucial as it highlights the everyday life and interactions Jesus had with the people, emphasizing His accessibility and engagement with the community. Capernaum's frequent mention in the Gospels underscores its importance in Jesus' teaching and healing activities.

the collectors of the two-drachma tax
The two-drachma tax, also known as the temple tax, was an annual levy imposed on Jewish males for the maintenance of the temple in Jerusalem. This tax had its roots in the Mosaic Law, specifically in Exodus 30:13-16, where a half-shekel was required for the service of the tabernacle. By the time of Jesus, this tax was still collected, reflecting the ongoing religious obligations and the centrality of the temple in Jewish worship. The collectors were likely local agents responsible for gathering this tax, indicating the structured religious practices of the time.

came to Peter and asked
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, is approached directly by the tax collectors. This interaction suggests Peter's prominence among the disciples and his perceived leadership role. The approach to Peter rather than Jesus Himself may indicate a level of respect or caution, as well as the practical recognition of Peter's position within the group.

“Does your Teacher pay the two drachmas?”
The question posed by the tax collectors is both a query and a test. It reflects the societal expectations for religious teachers to adhere to Jewish customs and laws. The phrasing "your Teacher" acknowledges Jesus' role as a rabbi or teacher, while the question itself probes His adherence to traditional Jewish practices. This moment foreshadows the tension between Jesus' mission and the established religious norms, highlighting His fulfillment of the Law and His authority over it. The inquiry also sets the stage for Jesus to teach about His identity and mission, as well as the nature of His kingdom, which transcends earthly obligations.

“Yes,” he answered.
Peter responds affirmatively to the question about whether Jesus pays the temple tax. This reflects Peter's understanding of Jesus' adherence to Jewish customs, despite His divine nature. The temple tax was a religious obligation for Jewish males, rooted in Exodus 30:13-16, symbolizing participation in the community and support for the temple.

When Peter entered the house, Jesus preempted him.
Jesus demonstrates His omniscience by addressing the issue before Peter speaks. This preemptive action highlights Jesus' divine insight and authority, a recurring theme in the Gospels where Jesus knows the thoughts and intentions of others (e.g., John 2:24-25).

“What do you think, Simon?” He asked.
Jesus often uses questions to teach and provoke thought, engaging His disciples in deeper reflection. By addressing Peter as "Simon," Jesus may be emphasizing Peter's human perspective, contrasting it with divine wisdom.

“From whom do the kings of the earth collect customs and taxes: from their own sons, or from others?”
Jesus uses a common practice of earthly kings to illustrate a spiritual truth. In ancient times, rulers did not tax their own family members, indicating a distinction between insiders and outsiders. This analogy sets the stage for understanding Jesus' unique relationship with God the Father, as the Son who is exempt from such obligations. This also foreshadows the concept of believers as children of God, who are spiritually free (Galatians 4:7).

From others,
This phrase refers to the practice of collecting taxes from those who are not part of the ruling family or the citizens of a kingdom. In the context of Matthew 17, Jesus is discussing the temple tax, which was a religious levy imposed on Jewish males for the maintenance of the temple. The tax was traditionally collected from those outside the immediate family of the king, highlighting a distinction between insiders and outsiders. This reflects the broader biblical theme of separation between God's people and the world, as seen in passages like Exodus 19:5-6, where Israel is called a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation."

Peter answered.
Peter, one of Jesus' closest disciples, often acts as a spokesperson for the group. His response here indicates his understanding of the societal norms regarding taxation. Peter's role in the Gospels is significant, as he is often depicted as impulsive yet deeply committed to Jesus. His interactions with Jesus provide insight into the learning process of the disciples as they come to understand Jesus' teachings and mission. This moment is part of Peter's journey of faith, which culminates in his leadership role in the early church, as seen in the Book of Acts.

Then the sons are exempt,
Jesus uses this phrase to illustrate a spiritual truth. In a royal household, the children of the king are not subject to the same taxes as the subjects. By extension, Jesus implies that as the Son of God, He is exempt from the temple tax, and by association, His followers, as children of God, are also exempt. This statement foreshadows the new covenant, where believers are considered children of God (John 1:12, Romans 8:16-17). It also points to the freedom found in Christ, as Paul later expounds in Galatians 4:4-7, where believers are no longer slaves but sons and heirs through God.

Jesus said to him.
Jesus' response to Peter is both a teaching moment and a revelation of His identity. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus uses everyday situations to convey deeper spiritual truths. Here, He subtly affirms His divine sonship and the privileges that come with it. This interaction also highlights Jesus' wisdom in addressing complex issues with simplicity and clarity. His teachings often challenge societal norms and religious practices, inviting His followers to see beyond the literal and grasp the spiritual implications of His words.

But so that we may not offend them
This phrase highlights Jesus' awareness of social and religious customs. The temple tax was a customary levy for the maintenance of the temple, rooted in Exodus 30:13-16. Jesus, though exempt as the Son of God, chooses to avoid unnecessary conflict, demonstrating humility and respect for established practices. This reflects the principle of not causing others to stumble, as seen in Romans 14:13-21.

go to the sea
The Sea of Galilee is the geographical setting, a significant location in Jesus' ministry. It was a hub for fishing, a common occupation in the region. This instruction to Peter, a fisherman by trade, connects to his background and expertise, emphasizing the practical nature of Jesus' miracles.

cast a hook
Unlike the typical use of nets, casting a hook suggests a specific, miraculous intervention. This method underscores the personal and direct nature of the miracle, contrasting with the usual collective fishing practices. It also highlights the precision of Jesus' command and the certainty of the outcome.

and take the first fish you catch
The specificity of "the first fish" indicates divine foreknowledge and control over creation. This act serves as a testament to Jesus' authority over nature, reminiscent of His calming of the storm in Matthew 8:23-27. It also symbolizes the provision of God, as seen in the feeding of the 5,000 (Matthew 14:13-21).

When you open its mouth, you will find a four-drachma coin
The four-drachma coin, or stater, was equivalent to the temple tax for two people. This detail underscores the precision of the miracle and Jesus' provision for both Himself and Peter. The unexpected source of the coin highlights God's ability to provide in unforeseen ways, echoing the provision of manna in Exodus 16.

Take it and give it to them for My tax and yours
Jesus' inclusion of Peter in the payment signifies His solidarity with His disciples. It also reflects the fulfillment of legal and religious obligations, despite His divine exemption. This act prefigures Jesus' ultimate sacrifice, where He pays the debt of sin for humanity, as foreshadowed in Isaiah 53:5.