1 Kings 10:15
New International Version
not including the revenues from merchants and traders and from all the Arabian kings and the governors of the territories.

New Living Translation
This did not include the additional revenue he received from merchants and traders, all the kings of Arabia, and the governors of the land.

English Standard Version
besides that which came from the explorers and from the business of the merchants, and from all the kings of the west and from the governors of the land.

Berean Standard Bible
not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

King James Bible
Beside that he had of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.

New King James Version
besides that from the traveling merchants, from the income of traders, from all the kings of Arabia, and from the governors of the country.

New American Standard Bible
besides that from the traders, and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.

NASB 1995
besides that from the traders and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.

NASB 1977
besides that from the traders and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.

Legacy Standard Bible
besides that from the traders and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.

Amplified Bible
besides the taxes from the traders and from the wares of the merchants, and [the tribute money] from all the kings of the Arabs (Bedouins) and the governors of the country.

Christian Standard Bible
besides what came from merchants, traders’ merchandise, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
besides what came from merchants, traders’ merchandise, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

American Standard Version
besides that which the traders brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of the mingled people, and of the governors of the country.

Contemporary English Version
The merchants and traders, as well as the kings of Arabia and rulers from Israel, also gave him gold.

English Revised Version
beside that which the chapmen brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of the mingled people, and of the governors of the country.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
not counting [the gold] which came from the merchants, the traders' profits, all the Arab kings, and the governors of the country.

Good News Translation
in addition to the taxes paid by merchants, the profits from trade, and tribute paid by the Arabian kings and the governors of the Israelite districts.

International Standard Version
not including revenue from traders, merchants, and from all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the land.

Majority Standard Bible
not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

NET Bible
besides what he collected from the merchants, traders, Arabian kings, and governors of the land.

New Heart English Bible
besides that which the traders brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.

Webster's Bible Translation
Besides what he had of the merchants, and of the traffic of the spice-merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.

World English Bible
in addition to that which the traders brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of the mixed people, and of the governors of the country.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
apart from [that of] the tourists, and of the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the land.

Young's Literal Translation
apart from that of the tourists, and of the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the land.

Smith's Literal Translation
Besides from the men traveling about and from the traffic of the merchants, and all the kings of Arabia and all the prefects of the earth.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Besides that which the men brought him that were over the tributes, and the merchants, and they that sold by retail, and all the kings of Arabia, and the governors of the country.

Catholic Public Domain Version
aside from what was brought to him by the men who were over the tributes, and by the merchants, and by those selling every kind of small item, and by all the kings of Arabia, and by the rulers of the land.

New American Bible
in addition to what came from the tolls on travelers, from the traffic of merchants, and from all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the country.

New Revised Standard Version
besides that which came from the traders and from the business of the merchants, and from all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the land.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Besides that which came from the craftsmen and from the traffic of merchants and from all the kings of the Arabs and from the governors of the land.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Apart from the men, Craftsmen and Merchants who trade, and all the Kings of the Arabians and Rulers of the Earth.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
beside that which came of the merchants, and of the traffic of the traders, and of all the kings of the mingled people and of the governors of the country.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Besides the tributes of them that were subjects, both merchants and all the kings of the country beyond the river, and of the princess of the land.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Solomon's Wealth and Splendor
14The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents, 15not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land. 16King Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; six hundred shekels of gold went into each shield.…

Cross References
2 Chronicles 9:14
not including the revenue from the merchants and traders. And all the Arabian kings and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.

1 Kings 4:21
And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life.

1 Kings 4:24
For Solomon had dominion over everything west of the Euphrates—over all the kingdoms from Tiphsah to Gaza—and he had peace on all sides.

1 Kings 9:28
They sailed to Ophir and imported gold from there—420 talents—and delivered it to Solomon.

1 Kings 10:22
For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

1 Kings 10:25
Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.

1 Kings 10:27
The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.

1 Kings 10:29
A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.

2 Chronicles 1:15-17
The king made silver and gold as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills. / Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue. / A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.

2 Chronicles 9:13-14
The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents, / not including the revenue from the merchants and traders. And all the Arabian kings and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.

2 Chronicles 9:22-24
So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. / All the kings of the earth sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart. / Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.

Isaiah 60:6
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD.

Isaiah 60:9
Surely the islands will wait for Me, with the ships of Tarshish in the lead, to bring your children from afar, with their silver and gold, to the honor of the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.

Ezekiel 27:22
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones.

Matthew 12:42
The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here.


Treasury of Scripture

Beside that he had of the merchants, and of the traffic of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.

all the kings

1 Chronicles 9:24
In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south.

2 Chronicles 9:13,14
Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and six talents of gold; …

Psalm 72:10
The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts.

governors.

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Addition Apart Arabia Arabians Arabs Besides Business Country Dealers Governors Including Kings Merchantmen Merchants Mingled Mixed Revenues Rulers Spice Tourists Traders Traffic Wares
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Addition Apart Arabia Arabians Arabs Besides Business Country Dealers Governors Including Kings Merchantmen Merchants Mingled Mixed Revenues Rulers Spice Tourists Traders Traffic Wares
1 Kings 10
1. The queen of Sheba admires the wisdom of Solomon
14. Solomon's gold
16. His targets
18. The throne of ivory
21. His vessels
24. His presents
26. his chariots and horse
28. his tribute














besides what came
This phrase indicates an addition to the wealth already mentioned in the previous verse. The Hebrew root for "came" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which means to come or to bring. This suggests a continuous influx of wealth, emphasizing the prosperity and abundance during King Solomon's reign. It reflects God's blessing upon Solomon, fulfilling His promise of wisdom and wealth.

from the merchants
The term "merchants" refers to those engaged in trade and commerce. In Hebrew, the word is "סֹחֵר" (socher), which denotes a trader or dealer. This highlights the extensive trade networks Solomon established, which were crucial for the economic prosperity of Israel. The merchants brought goods from distant lands, showcasing the international influence and reach of Solomon's kingdom.

the traders’ profits
"Traders" in Hebrew is "תַּגָּר" (tagar), meaning a merchant or trader. The word "profits" implies the gains or revenues from their commercial activities. This phrase underscores the economic acumen and the thriving business environment under Solomon's rule. It reflects a time of peace and stability, allowing commerce to flourish and contribute to the kingdom's wealth.

and all the Arabian kings
The mention of "Arabian kings" points to the political alliances and tribute from neighboring regions. The Hebrew word for "Arabian" is "עֲרָבִי" (aravi), referring to the people from the Arabian Peninsula. This indicates the diplomatic relationships Solomon maintained, which were instrumental in securing peace and prosperity. The tribute from these kings signifies respect and acknowledgment of Solomon's wisdom and power.

and governors of the land
"Governors" in Hebrew is "פַּחוֹת" (pachot), meaning officials or leaders. This phrase suggests a structured and organized administration within the kingdom. The governors were responsible for managing regions and ensuring the collection of taxes and tributes. Their mention highlights the efficient governance and the centralized authority of Solomon's reign, contributing to the kingdom's wealth and stability.

(15) The governors of the country.--The word "governor" (pechah) is supposed to be of foreign origin--possibly cognate to the Sanscrit word paksha "friend." It is used constantly of foreign officers, or satraps: as in 1Kings 20:24, of the Syrian officers; in 2Kings 18:24 and Isaiah 36:9, of the Assyrians; in Jeremiah 51:23, of the Babylonians; in Esther 8:9, Nehemiah 5:14; Nehemiah 5:18; Nehemiah 12:26, &c., of the Persians. Hence it would seem to be used here, not for the officers in the land of Israel described in 1 Kings 4, but for governors (Israelite or foreign) in tributary countries: and it may possibly be a word of later origin than the age of Solomon, introduced by the compiler of the book. . . . Verse 15. - Beside that he had of the marchantmen [The root תּוּר signifies to wander or travel about. In Numbers 13:16, 17, it is used of spies. It may here be applied to persons who travelled for purposes of trade; but the versions differ very materially in their rendering of the word; the LXX. understanding it of tribute (τῶν φόρων τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων); the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic of artizans; the Vulgate of ambassadors. And the word is nowhere else used of traders. For the construction, see Ewald 287e], and of the traffick [it is noteworthy that no such word is used before הַתָּרִים above] of the spice [not in Hebrews] merchants רָכַל is akin to רָגַל Like the preceding word, the primary meaning is to go about (תווט רֶגֶל); hence, to trade. It is probable that Solomon's great commercial enterprises were conducted for his own benefit, i.e., that the merchants were little more than agents, who bought and sold for the king. Such is the custom of Eastern kings (Kitto)], and of all the kings of Arabia [הָעֶרֶב is very variously interpreted. According to Gesenius it means foreigners, and he would understand "foreign kings who made an alliance with the Israelites," and so the Chaldee. Keil: "the kings of the mixed population" (mentioned Exodus 12:38. Cf. Jeremiah 50:37; Nehemiah 13:3). Perhaps the words are best explained by Jeremiah 25:24: "The kings of Arabia (עֲרָב) and ... of the mingled people (עֶרֶב) that dwell in the desert," i.e., the desert of Arabia deserta, bordering on Palestine. The chronicler here gives us עֲרָב, i.e., not the Arabia of the geographers, but the tract of country south and east of Palestine, as far as the Red Sea (Gesenius). No doubt these kings, who were great sheepmasters, paid their tribute in flocks of sheep and goats (2 Chronicles 17:11; 2 Kings 3:4], and of the governors of the country. [The word פַחות (cf. ch. 20:24) is a foreign word, perhaps Sanskrit, apparently borrowed by the Jews from the Persians. It is used of Tatnai (Ezra 5:6), of Zerubbabel (Haggai 1:1), and of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 5:14). Probably our author, in whose day it was a familiar and well understood word, substituted it for some older Hebrew designation. But the office and character of these "governors" is more difficult to define than the name. Rawlinson thinks that, in some parts of the empire, the kings - the "empire of Solomon," he observes, "was in the main a congeries of small kingdoms" - "had been superseded by governors." But it seems as natural to understand the term of the twelve prefects mentioned in chap. 4, who were "the governors of the land," or of similar officers in the different outposts of the kingdom. We know that the contributions which passed through their hands were furnished in kind; hence, perhaps, it is that this income is distinguished from the gold of ver. 14.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
not including
לְבַד֙ (lə·ḇaḏ)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 905: Separation, a part of the body, branch of a, tree, bar for, carrying, chief of

the revenue
וּמִסְחַ֖ר (ū·mis·ḥar)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4536: Probably merchandise

from the merchants,
מֵאַנְשֵׁ֣י (mê·’an·šê)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

traders,
הָרֹכְלִ֑ים (hā·rō·ḵə·lîm)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7402: To travel for, trading

and all
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the Arabian
הָעֶ֖רֶב (hā·‘e·reḇ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6152: Arabia -- 'steppe-dwellers', a country East of Israel

kings
מַלְכֵ֥י (mal·ḵê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 4428: A king

and governors
וּפַח֥וֹת (ū·p̄a·ḥō·wṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 6346: A governor

of the land.
הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (hā·’ā·reṣ)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land


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OT History: 1 Kings 10:15 Besides that which the traders brought (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg)
1 Kings 10:14
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