1 Samuel 20:28
New International Version
Jonathan answered, “David earnestly asked me for permission to go to Bethlehem.

New Living Translation
Jonathan replied, “David earnestly asked me if he could go to Bethlehem.

English Standard Version
Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem.

Berean Standard Bible
Jonathan answered, “David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem,

King James Bible
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:

New King James Version
So Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem.

New American Standard Bible
And Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly requested leave of me to go to Bethlehem.

NASB 1995
Jonathan then answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem,

NASB 1977
Jonathan then answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem,

Legacy Standard Bible
Jonathan then answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem,

Amplified Bible
Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked me for permission to go to Bethlehem.

Christian Standard Bible
Jonathan answered, “David asked for my permission to go to Bethlehem.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Jonathan answered, “David asked for my permission to go to Bethlehem.

American Standard Version
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem:

English Revised Version
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Jonathan answered Saul, "David repeatedly begged me [to let him go] to Bethlehem.

Good News Translation
Jonathan answered, "He begged me to let him go to Bethlehem.

International Standard Version
Jonathan answered Saul, "David urgently requested that I let him go to Bethlehem.

Majority Standard Bible
Jonathan answered, ?David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem,

NET Bible
Jonathan replied to Saul, "David urgently requested that he be allowed to go to Bethlehem.

New Heart English Bible
Jonathan answered Saul, and said, "David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem:

World English Bible
Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Jonathan answers Saul, “David has earnestly asked [permission] from me [to go] to Beth-Lehem,

Young's Literal Translation
And Jonathan answereth Saul, 'David hath been earnestly asked of me unto Beth-Lehem,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jonathan will answer to Saul, Asking, David asked of me even for the House of Bread:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Jonathan answered Saul: He asked leave of me earnestly to go to Bethlehem,

Catholic Public Domain Version
And Jonathan responded to Saul, “He petitioned me earnestly that he might go to Bethlehem,

New American Bible
Jonathan explained to Saul: “David pleaded with me to let him go to Bethlehem.

New Revised Standard Version
Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Jonathan answered and said to Saul his father, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Jonathan answered and said to Shaul his father: “David urgently requested of me that he would go unto Bayth Lekhem his town
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And Jonathan answered Saul: 'David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Jonathan answered Saul, and said to him, David asked leave of me to go as far as Bethleem his city;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jonathan and David Renew Their Covenant
27But on the day after the New Moon, the second day, David’s place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?” 28Jonathan answered, “David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem, 29saying, ‘Please let me go, because our clan is holding a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has told me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please let me go and see my brothers.’ That is why he did not come to the king’s table.”…

Cross References
1 Samuel 19:2-3
so he warned David, saying, “My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning; find a secret place and hide there. / I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, so I can ask about you. And if I find out anything, I will tell you.”

1 Samuel 18:3-4
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself. / And Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt.

1 Samuel 16:2
“How can I go?” Samuel asked. “Saul will hear of it and kill me!” The LORD answered, “Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the LORD.’

1 Samuel 25:29
And should someone pursue you and seek your life, then the life of my lord will be bound securely by the LORD your God in the bundle of the living. But He shall fling away the lives of your enemies like stones from a sling.

1 Samuel 23:16-18
And Saul’s son Jonathan came to David in Horesh and strengthened his hand in God, / saying, “Do not be afraid, for my father Saul will never lay a hand on you. And you will be king over Israel, and I will be your second-in-command. Even my father Saul knows this is true.” / So the two of them made a covenant before the LORD. And David remained in Horesh, while Jonathan went home.

2 Samuel 15:7-9
After four years had passed, Absalom said to the king, “Please let me go to Hebron to fulfill a vow I have made to the LORD. / For your servant made a vow while dwelling in Geshur of Aram, saying: ‘If indeed the LORD brings me back to Jerusalem, I will worship the LORD in Hebron.’” / “Go in peace,” said the king. So Absalom got up and went to Hebron.

2 Kings 4:23
“Why would you go to him today?” he replied. “It is not a New Moon or a Sabbath.” “Everything is all right,” she said.

Genesis 31:27
Why did you run away secretly and deceive me, without even telling me? I would have sent you away with joy and singing, with tambourines and harps.

Genesis 31:20
Moreover, Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean by not telling him that he was running away.

Genesis 31:19
Now while Laban was out shearing his sheep, Rachel stole her father’s household idols.

Genesis 31:3
Then the LORD said to Jacob, “Go back to the land of your fathers and to your kindred, and I will be with you.”

Genesis 31:13
I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed the pillar and made a solemn vow to Me. Now get up, leave this land at once, and return to your native land.’”

Genesis 31:17-18
Then Jacob got up and put his children and his wives on camels, / and he drove all his livestock before him, along with all the possessions he had acquired in Paddan-aram, to go to his father Isaac in the land in Canaan.

Matthew 10:16
Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves; therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.

Matthew 12:14
But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus.


Treasury of Scripture

And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:

1 Samuel 20:6
If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.

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Bethlehem Beth-Lehem David Earnestly Jonathan Leave Permission Request Saul
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Bethlehem Beth-Lehem David Earnestly Jonathan Leave Permission Request Saul
1 Samuel 20
1. David consults with Jonathan for his safety
11. Jonathan and David renew their covenant by oath
18. Jonathan's token to David
23. Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan
35. Jonathan affectionately takes his leave of David














Jonathan answered
Jonathan, the son of King Saul and a close friend of David, is speaking here. His loyalty to David is significant, as it demonstrates a deep bond that transcends familial allegiance. Jonathan's role as a mediator between Saul and David highlights the tension between his loyalty to his father and his friendship with David. This moment reflects Jonathan's integrity and willingness to protect David, even at personal risk.

David urgently requested
David's request is described as urgent, indicating the seriousness of the situation. This urgency reflects the danger David perceives from Saul, who has become increasingly hostile towards him. The urgency also underscores David's need to act quickly to ensure his safety. This moment is part of a larger narrative where David is often on the run from Saul, showcasing the trials he faces before becoming king.

my permission
Jonathan's role in granting permission suggests a level of authority or influence he holds, possibly due to his position as the king's son. It also indicates the trust and respect between Jonathan and David. This request for permission highlights the cultural norms of the time, where seeking approval from a superior or peer was a sign of respect and protocol.

to go to Bethlehem
Bethlehem, David's hometown, is significant both geographically and theologically. It is located in the territory of Judah and is later known as the birthplace of Jesus Christ, linking David's story to the messianic prophecy. David's return to Bethlehem can be seen as a strategic move to seek refuge among his kin. Bethlehem's mention here foreshadows its future importance in biblical history as the City of David and the birthplace of the Messiah.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and integrity, Jonathan plays a crucial role in protecting David from Saul's wrath.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, David is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his reign.

4. Bethlehem
The hometown of David, located in the territory of Judah. It is significant as the birthplace of David and later, Jesus Christ.

5. The New Moon Festival
A religious observance in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of a new month. It was a time for sacrifices and communal meals, during which David's absence is noted.
Teaching Points
Loyalty and Friendship
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the importance of loyalty and selfless friendship. True friends support and protect each other, even at personal risk.

Courage in Adversity
David's situation teaches us about courage and reliance on God when facing unjust persecution. Trusting in God's plan is crucial, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Role of Providence
God's providence is evident in the unfolding events. Despite Saul's intentions, God's plan for David's future kingship remains unthwarted, reminding us of God's sovereignty.

The Importance of Honesty
Jonathan's honest communication with Saul, despite the potential consequences, underscores the value of truthfulness in our relationships.

Family and Faith
The tension between Jonathan's loyalty to David and his relationship with Saul highlights the challenges of balancing family obligations with faithfulness to God's purposes.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Jonathan
יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן (yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3083: Jonathan -- 'the LORD has given', the name of a number of Israelites

answered,
וַיַּ֥עַן (way·ya·‘an)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6030: To answer, respond

“David
דָּוִ֛ד (dā·wiḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732: David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

urgently requested
נִשְׁאֹ֨ל (niš·’ōl)
Verb - Nifal - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 7592: To inquire, to request, to demand

my permission to
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

go to Bethlehem,
לָֽחֶם׃ (lā·ḥem)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun


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OT History: 1 Samuel 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul David earnestly asked leave (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 20:27
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