1 Samuel 18:3
New International Version
And Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

New Living Translation
And Jonathan made a solemn pact with David, because he loved him as he loved himself.

English Standard Version
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul.

Berean Standard Bible
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

King James Bible
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

New King James Version
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

New American Standard Bible
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

NASB 1995
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

NASB 1977
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

Legacy Standard Bible
Then Jonathan cut a covenant with David because he loved him as his own soul.

Amplified Bible
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

Christian Standard Bible
Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as much as himself.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as much as himself.

American Standard Version
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

Contemporary English Version
Jonathan liked David so much that they promised to always be loyal friends.

English Revised Version
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
So Jonathan made a pledge of mutual loyalty with David because he loved him as much as [he loved] himself.

Good News Translation
Jonathan swore eternal friendship with David because of his deep affection for him.

International Standard Version
Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as he loved himself.

Majority Standard Bible
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself.

NET Bible
Jonathan made a covenant with David, for he loved him as much as he did his own life.

New Heart English Bible
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

Webster's Bible Translation
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

World English Bible
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Jonathan makes—David also—a covenant, because he loves him as his own soul,

Young's Literal Translation
And Jonathan maketh -- also David -- a covenant, because he loveth him as his own soul,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jonathan and David will cut out a covenant in his loving him as his soul.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And David and Jonathan made a covenant, for be loved him as his own soul.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Then David and Jonathan formed a pact. For he loved him like his own soul.

New American Bible
Jonathan and David made a covenant, because Jonathan loved him as his very self.

New Revised Standard Version
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because Jonathan loved David as his own soul.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Jonathan and David covenanted a covenant, because Jonathan loved David as himself
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jonathan Befriends David
2And from that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return to his father’s house. 3Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself. 4And Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt.…

Cross References
2 Samuel 1:26
I grieve for you, Jonathan, my brother. You were delightful to me; your love to me was extraordinary, surpassing the love of women.

Proverbs 18:24
A man of many companions may come to ruin, but there is a friend who stays closer than a brother.

John 15:13
Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.

Ruth 1:16-17
But Ruth replied: “Do not urge me to leave you or to turn from following you. For wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you live, I will live; your people will be my people, and your God will be my God. / Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me.”

2 Kings 2:2
and Elijah said to Elisha, “Please stay here, for the LORD has sent me on to Bethel.” But Elisha replied, “As surely as the LORD lives and as you yourself live, I will not leave you.” So they went down to Bethel.

John 13:34-35
A new commandment I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you also must love one another. / By this everyone will know that you are My disciples, if you love one another.”

Genesis 44:30-34
So if the boy is not with us when I return to your servant, and if my father, whose life is wrapped up in the boy’s life, / sees that the boy is not with us, he will die. Then your servants will have brought the gray hair of your servant our father down to Sheol in sorrow. / Indeed, your servant guaranteed the boy’s safety to my father, saying, ‘If I do not return him to you, I will bear the guilt before you, my father, all my life.’ ...

Philippians 2:3-4
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves. / Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.

1 John 3:16
By this we know what love is: Jesus laid down His life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers.

Genesis 31:49-50
It was also called Mizpah, because Laban said, “May the LORD keep watch between you and me when we are absent from each other. / If you mistreat my daughters or take other wives, although no one is with us, remember that God is a witness between you and me.”

Romans 12:10
Be devoted to one another in brotherly love. Outdo yourselves in honoring one another.

2 Samuel 9:1
Then David asked, “Is there anyone left from the house of Saul to whom I can show kindness for the sake of Jonathan?”

Colossians 3:14
And over all these virtues put on love, which is the bond of perfect unity.

1 John 4:7
Beloved, let us love one another, because love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God.

Exodus 33:11
Thus the LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young assistant Joshua son of Nun would not leave the tent.


Treasury of Scripture

Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

made a covenant

1 Samuel 20:8-17,42
Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father? …

1 Samuel 23:18
And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.

2 Samuel 9:1-3
And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Jonathan's sake? …

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Agreement Covenant David Jonathan Jonathan's Loved Maketh Soul Together
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Agreement Covenant David Jonathan Jonathan's Loved Maketh Soul Together
1 Samuel 18
1. Jonathan befriends David
5. Saul envies his praise
10. seeks to kill him in his fury
12. fears him for his good success
17. offers him his daughters for snare
23. David persuaded to be the king's son-in-law,
25. gives two hundred foreskins of the Philistines for Michal's dowry
28. Saul's hatred and David's glory increase














Then Jonathan
The name "Jonathan" in Hebrew is "Yehonatan," meaning "Yahweh has given." Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is a significant figure in the narrative of 1 Samuel. His actions and character are often seen as a model of loyalty and faithfulness. Historically, Jonathan's role as the crown prince of Israel adds weight to his relationship with David, who was anointed by God to be the next king. Jonathan's willingness to form a covenant with David, despite the potential threat to his own succession, highlights his selflessness and recognition of God's will.

made a covenant
The Hebrew word for "covenant" is "berit," which signifies a solemn agreement or promise between two parties. In the ancient Near Eastern context, covenants were binding and often involved a ritual or sacrifice to seal the agreement. Jonathan's covenant with David is a profound act of commitment and loyalty, transcending political alliances. It reflects a deep spiritual bond and mutual respect, rooted in their shared faith in God. This covenant is a precursor to the New Testament understanding of covenant relationships, emphasizing love, sacrifice, and fidelity.

with David
David, whose name in Hebrew is "Dawid," meaning "beloved," is a central figure in the biblical narrative. At this point in 1 Samuel, David is a young shepherd who has been anointed by the prophet Samuel to be the future king of Israel. His relationship with Jonathan is pivotal, as it provides David with support and protection during Saul's increasingly hostile reign. The mention of David in this covenant underscores the divine favor upon him and foreshadows his future as a man after God's own heart.

because he loved him
The Hebrew word for "loved" is "ahav," which encompasses a range of meanings from familial affection to deep friendship. Jonathan's love for David is portrayed as pure and selfless, reflecting the highest ideals of friendship. This love is not merely emotional but is demonstrated through action, as Jonathan consistently supports and defends David. In a broader biblical context, this love can be seen as a reflection of God's love for humanity, characterized by commitment, sacrifice, and unwavering loyalty.

as himself
This phrase highlights the depth of Jonathan's love for David, equating it to the love one has for oneself. It echoes the biblical commandment to "love your neighbor as yourself" (Leviticus 19:18), which is later reiterated by Jesus in the New Testament. Jonathan's love for David is an embodiment of this commandment, showcasing a selfless and sacrificial love that prioritizes the well-being of the other. This phrase challenges believers to examine their own relationships and strive for a love that mirrors the self-giving love of Christ.

(3) Made a covenant.--The son of the first Hebrew king recognised in David a kindred spirit. They were one in their God, in their faith, in their devotion to the Divine will. Jonathan recognised in the young shepherd, who unarmed went out alone to meet the mighty Philistine warrior, the same spirit of sublime faith in the Invisible King which had inspired him in days far back to go forth alone with his armour-bearer to attack and capture the Philistine stronghold, when he spoke those memorable words which enable us to understand the character of Jonathan: "It may be that the Lord will work for us: for there is no restraint to the Lord to save by many or by few" (1Samuel 14:6).

The great friendship, which has been the admiration of succeeding generations, began with the strong faith in the Eternal common to the two friends. Throughout its duration the link which united them was an intense desire to do the will of Him who, as true Hebrew patriots, they felt loved Israel; and when the friends parted for the last time in the wilderness of Ziph, we are told how the elder (Jonathan) strengthened the younger (David's) "hand in God" (1Samuel 23:16).



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Then Jonathan
יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן (yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3083: Jonathan -- 'the LORD has given', the name of a number of Israelites

made
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת (way·yiḵ·rōṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3772: To cut, to destroy, consume, to covenant

a covenant
בְּרִ֑ית (bə·rîṯ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 1285: A covenant

with David
וְדָוִ֖ד (wə·ḏā·wiḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732: David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

because he loved
בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ (bə·’a·hă·ḇā·ṯōw)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 160: Love (noun)

him
אֹת֖וֹ (’ō·ṯōw)
Direct object marker | third person masculine singular
Strong's 853: Untranslatable mark of the accusative case

as himself.
כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ (kə·nap̄·šōw)
Preposition-k | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5315: A soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion


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OT History: 1 Samuel 18:3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 18:2
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