Ezekiel 18:14
New International Version
“But suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father commits, and though he sees them, he does not do such things:

New Living Translation
“But suppose that sinful son, in turn, has a son who sees his father’s wickedness and decides against that kind of life.

English Standard Version
“Now suppose this man fathers a son who sees all the sins that his father has done; he sees, and does not do likewise:

Berean Standard Bible
Now suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father has committed, considers them, and does not do likewise:

King James Bible
Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,

New King James Version
If, however, he begets a son Who sees all the sins which his father has done, And considers but does not do likewise;

New American Standard Bible
“Now behold, he has fathered a son who saw all his father’s sins which he committed, but he has seen them and does not do likewise.

NASB 1995
“Now behold, he has a son who has observed all his father’s sins which he committed, and observing does not do likewise.

NASB 1977
“Now behold, he has a son who has observed all his father’s sins which he committed, and observing does not do likewise.

Legacy Standard Bible
“Now behold, he has a son who has seen all his father’s sins which he has done. And he saw this but does not do likewise.

Amplified Bible
“Now behold, if this [wicked] man has a son who has observed all the sins which his father committed, and considers [thoughtfully what he has observed] and does not do like his father:

Christian Standard Bible
“Now suppose he has a son who sees all the sins his father has committed, and though he sees them, he does not do likewise.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Now suppose he has a son who sees all the sins his father has committed, and though he sees them, he does not do likewise.

American Standard Version
Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins, which he hath done, and feareth, and doeth not such like;

Contemporary English Version
But suppose this evil man has a son who sees his father do these things and refuses to act like him.

English Revised Version
Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins, which he hath done, and feareth, and doth not such like,

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"But suppose this person has a son. The son sees all the sins that his father does. He is afraid, so he doesn't do such things.

Good News Translation
"Now suppose this second man has a son. He sees all the sins his father practiced, but does not follow his example.

International Standard Version
"Now suppose that he produced a son who practiced all of his father's sins, but then that son began to fear me and stopped doing all of these things.

Majority Standard Bible
Now suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father has committed, considers them, and does not do likewise:

NET Bible
"But suppose he in turn has a son who notices all the sins his father commits, considers them, and does not follow his father's example.

New Heart English Bible
"Now, look, if he fathers a son, who sees all his father's sins, which he has done, and fears, and does not such like;

Webster's Bible Translation
Now lo, if he begetteth a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,

World English Bible
“Now, behold, if he fathers a son who sees all his father’s sins which he has done, and fears, and doesn’t do likewise,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And—behold, he has begotten a son, "" And he sees all the sins of his father, "" That he has done, and he fears, "" And does not do like them,

Young's Literal Translation
And -- lo, he hath begotten a son, And he seeth all the sins of his father, That he hath done, and he feareth, And doth not do like them,

Smith's Literal Translation
And behold, he begat a son, and he will see all his father's sins which he did, and he will see and will not do like them;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
But if he beget a son, who, seeing all his father's sine, which he hath done, is afraid, and shall not do the like to them :

Catholic Public Domain Version
But if he raises a son, who, seeing all his father’s sins that he has done, is afraid and so does not act in a way similar to him,

New American Bible
But, in turn, if he begets a son who sees all the sins his father commits, yet fears and does not imitate him—

New Revised Standard Version
But if this man has a son who sees all the sins that his father has done, considers, and does not do likewise,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
But if he begets a son, who sees all the sins that his father had committed, and shall not do likewise,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And if he will beget a son and he will see all of the sins that his father did and he will not do like them
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins, which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And if he beget a son, and the son see all his father's sins which he has wrought, and fear, and not do according to them,

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Proverb about Israel
13He engages in usury and takes excess interest. Will this son live? He will not! Since he has committed all these abominations, he will surely die; his blood will be on his own head. 14Now suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father has committed, considers them, and does not do likewise: 15He does not eat at the mountain or look to the idols of the house of Israel. He does not defile his neighbor’s wife.…

Cross References
Jeremiah 31:29-30
“In those days, it will no longer be said: ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge.’ / Instead, each will die for his own iniquity. If anyone eats the sour grapes, his own teeth will be set on edge.

Deuteronomy 24:16
Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor children for their fathers; each is to die for his own sin.

2 Kings 14:6
Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to death, but acted according to what is written in the Book of the Law of Moses, where the LORD commanded: “Fathers must not be put to death for their children, and children must not be put to death for their fathers; each is to die for his own sin.”

2 Chronicles 25:4
Yet he did not put their sons to death, but acted according to what is written in the Law, in the Book of Moses, where the LORD commanded: “Fathers must not be put to death for their children, and children must not be put to death for their fathers; each is to die for his own sin.”

Exodus 20:5-6
You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on their children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, / but showing loving devotion to a thousand generations of those who love Me and keep My commandments.

Proverbs 22:6
Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.

Proverbs 13:22
A good man leaves an inheritance to his children’s children, but the sinner’s wealth is passed to the righteous.

Isaiah 3:10-11
Tell the righteous it will be well with them, for they will enjoy the fruit of their labor. / Woe to the wicked; disaster is upon them! For they will be repaid with what their hands have done.

Romans 14:12
So then, each of us will give an account of himself to God.

Galatians 6:5
For each one should carry his own load.

Matthew 16:27
For the Son of Man will come in His Father’s glory with His angels, and then He will repay each one according to what he has done.

John 9:2-3
and His disciples asked Him, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?” / Jesus answered, “Neither this man nor his parents sinned, but this happened so that the works of God would be displayed in him.

Romans 2:6-8
God “will repay each one according to his deeds.” / To those who by perseverance in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality, He will give eternal life. / But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow wickedness, there will be wrath and anger.

1 Peter 1:17
Since you call on a Father who judges each one’s work impartially, conduct yourselves in reverent fear during your stay as foreigners.

2 Corinthians 5:10
For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive his due for the things done in the body, whether good or bad.


Treasury of Scripture

Now, see, if he beget a son, that sees all his father's sins which he has done, and considers, and does not such like,

if he

Ezekiel 18:10
If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things,

Proverbs 17:21
He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy.

Proverbs 23:24
The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him.

that seeth

Ezekiel 20:18
But I said unto their children in the wilderness, Walk ye not in the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their judgments, nor defile yourselves with their idols:

2 Chronicles 29:3-11
He in the first year of his reign, in the first month, opened the doors of the house of the LORD, and repaired them…

2 Chronicles 34:21
Go, inquire of the LORD for me, and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the LORD, to do after all that is written in this book.

considereth

Ezekiel 18:28
Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

Psalm 119:59,60
I thought on my ways, and turned my feet unto thy testimonies…

Isaiah 44:19
And none considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say, I have burned part of it in the fire; yea, also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh, and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination? shall I fall down to the stock of a tree?

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Ezekiel 18
1. God defends his justice
31. and exhorts to repentance














Now suppose this son
The phrase "Now suppose this son" introduces a hypothetical scenario, inviting the reader to consider a specific case. In Hebrew, the word for "son" is "בֵּן" (ben), which is a common term used throughout the Old Testament to denote a male descendant. This introduction sets the stage for a discussion on individual responsibility, a key theme in Ezekiel 18. The context here is crucial, as it emphasizes the generational aspect of sin and righteousness, challenging the prevailing belief that children are automatically bound by the sins of their parents.

has a son
The continuation "has a son" further extends the generational line, emphasizing the continuity of family and the potential for change within it. This phrase underscores the idea that each generation has the opportunity to make its own choices, independent of the past. In the ancient Near Eastern context, family lineage was significant, often determining one's social and spiritual standing. However, Ezekiel is highlighting a radical departure from this norm, suggesting that divine judgment is based on personal conduct rather than ancestral actions.

who sees all the sins his father has committed
The phrase "who sees all the sins his father has committed" indicates awareness and acknowledgment of the father's actions. The Hebrew verb "רָאָה" (ra'ah) means "to see" or "to perceive," suggesting not just physical sight but also understanding and discernment. This implies that the son is not ignorant of his father's sins; he is fully aware of them. The historical context here is important, as it reflects the reality of Israel's exile, where the consequences of previous generations' sins were evident. Yet, the emphasis is on the son's ability to recognize these sins and learn from them.

considers them
The phrase "considers them" involves a deliberate and thoughtful evaluation. The Hebrew root "בִּין" (bin) means "to understand" or "to discern," indicating a process of reflection and judgment. This suggests that the son is not passively observing but actively engaging with the moral implications of his father's actions. In a broader scriptural context, this aligns with the wisdom literature's call to seek understanding and make wise choices. It highlights the importance of personal reflection in the pursuit of righteousness.

and does not do likewise
Finally, "and does not do likewise" is a decisive statement of action, or rather, inaction in terms of sin. The Hebrew phrase "וְלֹא עָשָׂה כֵן" (velo asah ken) translates to "and does not do so," emphasizing the son's conscious decision to break the cycle of sin. This is a powerful declaration of personal responsibility and moral agency. In the conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in free will and the possibility of redemption and transformation through personal choice. It serves as an inspirational reminder that, regardless of one's background or family history, each individual has the power to choose righteousness and align with God's will.

(14) Doeth not such like.--This is the third case--that of the righteous son of a wicked father. The general principle is the same, that each man is to be judged according to his own individual character. The son of the righteous man has advantages, and the son of the wicked has hindrances in the way of righteousness which are not specified here, although elsewhere we are abundantly taught that responsibility is directly proportioned to privilege; but here the object is only to set forth in the clearest way, and apart from any other issues, the single fact of individual responsibility. In each case the particular examples of sin are somewhat varied, to show that they are mentioned only as examples, in order to set forth more clearly the general principle.

Verses 14-17. - Now, lo! etc. The law of personal responsibility had been pressed on its darker side. It is now asserted in its brighter, and that with the special emphasis indicated in its opening words. The proverb of the "sour grapes" receives a direct contradiction. The son of the evil doer way take warning by his father's example, and repent, as Ezekiel exhorted those among whom he lived to do. In that case he need fear no inherited or transmitted curse. He shall surely live; Hebrew, living he shall live. That truth came to Ezekiel as with the force of a new apocalypse, and it is obviously "exceeding broad," with far-reaching consequences both in ethics and theology.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Now
וְהִנֵּה֙ (wə·hin·nêh)
Conjunctive waw | Interjection
Strong's 2009: Lo! behold!

suppose [this son] has
הוֹלִ֣יד (hō·w·lîḏ)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage

a son
בֵּ֔ן (bên)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1121: A son

who sees
וַיַּ֕רְא (way·yar)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7200: To see

all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the sins
חַטֹּ֥את (ḥaṭ·ṭōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 2403: An offence, its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, expiation, an offender

his father
אָבִ֖יו (’ā·ḇîw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1: Father

has committed,
עָשָׂ֑ה (‘ā·śāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

considers them,
וַיִּרְאֶ֕ה (way·yir·’eh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7200: To see

and does not
וְלֹ֥א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

do likewise:
יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה (ya·‘ă·śeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 18:14 Now behold if he fathers a son (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 18:13
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