7185. qashah

Lexicon

qashah: To be hard, to be severe, to be difficult, to be stubborn

Original Word: קָשָׁה
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: qashah
Pronunciation: kaw-SHAH
Phonetic Spelling: (kaw-shaw')
Definition: To be hard, to be severe, to be difficult, to be stubborn
Meaning: to be dense, tough, severe

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be in, have, seem, harden, labor, be sore,

A primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. Tough or severe (in various applications) -- be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be ((ask a), be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en, (labour), -ly, thing), be sore, (be, make) stiff(-en, (-necked)).

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to be hard, severe or fierce
NASB Translation
became stubborn* (2), cruel (1), defied* (1), hard (1), hard thing (1), hard-pressed (1), harden (2), hardened (1), hardens (2), harsher (1), made our hard (2), seem hard (1), severe (2), stiffen (2), stiffened (6), stubborn (1), suffered severe (1).

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. [קָשָׁה] verb be hard, severe, fierce (Late Hebrew קָשָׁה be severe; Arabic () be hard, dry, III. endure, struggle against, severity; Aramaic קְשָׁא, be hard, difficult; Jewish-Aramaic קְשִׁי, קַשְׁיָה adjective hard); —

Qal Perfect3feminine singular קָֽשְׁתָה 1 Samuel 5:7, קָשָׁ֑תָה Genesis 49:7; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקְשֶׁה Deuteronomy 1:17; Deuteronomy 15:18, וַיִּ֫קֶשׁ 2 Samuel 19:44; —

1 be hard, difficult Deuteronomy 1:17 (of a legal case; מִן comparative).

2 be hard, severe, יָדוֺ ׳ק עָלֵינוּ1Samuel 5:7 (of ׳י, in judgement); בְעֵינֶ֑ךָ ׳יִק. Deuteronomy 15:18 it shall not be hard in thine eyes (seem a severe trial, an injustice); of wrath Genesis 49:7 (poem in J; "" עָ֑ז); of fierce words 2 Samuel 19:44.

Niph`al Participle נִקְשֶׁה Isaiah 8:21 hardly bestead, hard pressed.

Pi`el Imperfect3feminine singular וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Genesis 35:16 (E) she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour).

Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הִקְשָׁה Exodus 13:15 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיֶּקֶשׁ2Chronicles 36:13; 3 masculine plural וַיַּקְשׁוּ Jeremiah 7:26 +, etc.; Infinitive construct suffix בְּהַקְשֹׁתָהּ Genesis 35:17; Participle מַקְשֶׁה Proverbs 28:14; Proverbs 29:1; —

1 make difficult, difficulty: הִקְשָׁה לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ Exodus 13:15 Pharaoh made difficulty about sending us away; of travail Genesis 35:17 (E; as

Pi`el); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֺל 2 Kings 2:10 thou hast made hard to ask, asked a hard thing.

2 make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king 1 Kings 12:4 2Chronicles 10:4.

3. a. make hard, stiff, stubborn, figurative of obstinacy: וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶתעָֿרְמָּם 2 Kings 17:14 they stiffened their neck, so Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 17:23; Jeremiah 19:15; Deuteronomy 10:16; 2Chronicles 30:8; 36:13; Nehemiah 9:16,17,29; Proverbs 29:1; אַלתַּֿקְשׁוּ לְבַבְכֶם Psalm 95:8, compare Proverbs 28:14; subject ׳י, ׳אַקְשֶׁה אֶתלֵֿב פ Exodus 7:3 (P), accusative אֶתרֿוחוֺ Deuteronomy 2:30,

b. shew stubborness Job 9:4 (with אֶל person [׳י]).

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • G4642: σκληρός (sklēros) • hard, harsh, rough
• G4645: σκληρύνω (sklērynō) • to harden
• G5246: ὑπερήφανος (hyperēphanos) • arrogant, proud

These Greek terms reflect similar concepts of hardness, severity, and obstinacy, often used in the Septuagint and New Testament to convey the same ideas found in the Hebrew קָשָׁה.

Usage: The verb קָשָׁה (qashah) is used in the Hebrew Bible to describe something that is hard, difficult, or severe. It can refer to physical hardness or toughness, as well as metaphorical severity or difficulty, such as a difficult situation or a stubborn attitude.

Context: • The root קָשָׁה (qashah) appears in various forms throughout the Hebrew Bible, often conveying the idea of hardness or difficulty. It is used to describe physical objects that are hard or tough, such as a hard heart or a difficult path. Metaphorically, it can describe a person's stubbornness or obstinacy, as seen in the context of Pharaoh's hardened heart in the Exodus narrative.
• In Exodus 7:3, God says, "But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt," illustrating the use of קָשָׁה in the context of divine action leading to a hardened or obstinate heart.
• The term is also used in Deuteronomy 1:17, "Do not show partiality in judgment; hear both small and great alike. Do not be intimidated by anyone, for judgment belongs to God," where it implies the severity or difficulty of rendering impartial judgment.
• In 1 Kings 12:4, the people of Israel say to Rehoboam, "Your father made our yoke heavy. Now therefore lighten the harsh labor and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you," using קָשָׁה to describe the severity of labor imposed by Solomon.

Forms and Transliterations

אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אקשה בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בהקשתה הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה הִקְשָׁ֥ה הִקְשָׁה֩ הִקְשׁ֖וּ הִקְשׁוּ֙ הקשה הקשו הקשית וַיִּ֙קֶשׁ֙ וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ וַתְּקַ֥שׁ וּמַקְשֶׁ֥ה ויקש ויקשו ומקשה ותקש יִקְשֶׁ֣ה יקשה מַקְשֶׁה־ מקשה־ נִקְשֶׁ֣ה נקשה קָשְׁתָ֤ה קָשָׁ֑תָה קשתה תַּקְשׁ֣וּ תַּקְשׁ֥וּ תַקְשׁ֖וּ תקשו ’aq·šeh ’aqšeh akSheh ḇə·haq·šō·ṯāh ḇəhaqšōṯāh hikShah hikShita hikShu hiq·šāh hiq·šî·ṯā hiq·šū hiqšāh hiqšîṯā hiqšū kaShatah kasheTah maksheh maq·šeh- maqšeh- nikSheh niq·šeh niqšeh qā·šā·ṯāh qā·šə·ṯāh qāšāṯāh qāšəṯāh takShu taq·šū ṯaq·šū taqšū ṯaqšū ū·maq·šeh umakSheh ūmaqšeh vaiyakShu vaiYekesh vaiYikesh vatteKash vehakshoTah wat·tə·qaš wattəqaš way·yaq·šū way·ye·qeš way·yi·qeš wayyaqšū wayyeqeš wayyiqeš yikSheh yiq·šeh yiqšeh

Englishman's Concordance

Genesis 35:16
HEB: וַתֵּ֥לֶד רָחֵ֖ל וַתְּקַ֥שׁ בְּלִדְתָּֽהּ׃
NAS: birth and she suffered severe labor.
KJV: travailed, and she had hard labour.
INT: to give Rachel suffered birth

Genesis 35:17
HEB: וַיְהִ֥י בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בְּלִדְתָּ֑הּ וַתֹּ֨אמֶר
NAS: When she was in severe labor
KJV: And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour,
INT: was in severe labor said

Genesis 49:7
HEB: וְעֶבְרָתָ֖ם כִּ֣י קָשָׁ֑תָה אֲחַלְּקֵ֣ם בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב
NAS: And their wrath, for it is cruel. I will disperse
KJV: and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide
INT: and their wrath for is cruel will disperse Jacob

Exodus 7:3
HEB: וַאֲנִ֥י אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־ לֵ֣ב
NAS: But I will harden Pharaoh's heart
KJV: And I will harden Pharaoh's heart,
INT: I will harden heart Pharaoh's

Exodus 13:15
HEB: וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־ הִקְשָׁ֣ה פַרְעֹה֮ לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ֒
NAS: Pharaoh was stubborn about letting us go,
KJV: And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go,
INT: came when was stubborn Pharaoh letting

Deuteronomy 1:17
HEB: וְהַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְשֶׁ֣ה מִכֶּ֔ם תַּקְרִב֥וּן
NAS: that is too hard for you, you shall bring
KJV: and the cause that is too hard for you, bring
INT: the case after hard is too shall bring

Deuteronomy 2:30
HEB: בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־ הִקְשָׁה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ
NAS: your God hardened his spirit
KJV: thy God hardened his spirit,
INT: to pass for hardened the LORD your God

Deuteronomy 10:16
HEB: וְעָ֨רְפְּכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַקְשׁ֖וּ עֽוֹד׃
NAS: your heart, and stiffen your neck
INT: your neck no and stiffen longer

Deuteronomy 15:18
HEB: לֹא־ יִקְשֶׁ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֗ךָ בְּשַׁלֵּֽחֲךָ֙
NAS: It shall not seem hard to you when you set
KJV: It shall not seem hard unto thee,
INT: shall not seem thee set

1 Samuel 5:7
HEB: עִמָּ֔נוּ כִּֽי־ קָשְׁתָ֤ה יָדוֹ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ
NAS: with us, for His hand is severe on us and on Dagon
KJV: with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon
INT: with for is severe his hand and

2 Samuel 19:43
HEB: אֶת־ מַלְכִּ֑י וַיִּ֙קֶשׁ֙ דְּבַר־ אִ֣ישׁ
NAS: of Judah were harsher than
KJV: of Judah were fiercer than the words
INT: to bring the king were harsher the words of the men

1 Kings 12:4
HEB: אָבִ֖יךָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה אֶת־ עֻלֵּ֑נוּ
NAS: Your father made our yoke hard;
KJV: our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous
INT: your father made our yoke you

2 Kings 2:10
HEB: וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ לִשְׁא֑וֹל אִם־
NAS: You have asked a hard thing. [Nevertheless], if
KJV: Thou hast asked a hard thing: [nevertheless], if thou see
INT: said A hard have asked if

2 Kings 17:14
HEB: וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־ עָרְפָּם֙
NAS: However, they did not listen, but stiffened their neck
KJV: Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks,
INT: did not listen stiffened their neck their neck

2 Chronicles 10:4
HEB: אָבִ֖יךָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה אֶת־ עֻלֵּ֑נוּ
NAS: Your father made our yoke hard;
KJV: made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease
INT: your father made our yoke now

2 Chronicles 30:8
HEB: עַתָּ֕ה אַל־ תַּקְשׁ֥וּ עָרְפְּכֶ֖ם כַּאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם
NAS: Now do not stiffen your neck
KJV: Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers
INT: Now not stiffen your neck your fathers

2 Chronicles 36:13
HEB: הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־ עָרְפּוֹ֙
NAS: [allegiance] by God. But he stiffened his neck
KJV: by God: but he stiffened his neck,
INT: swear God stiffened his neck and hardened

Nehemiah 9:16
HEB: וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־ עָרְפָּ֔ם
NAS: acted arrogantly; They became stubborn
KJV: dealt proudly, and hardened their necks,
INT: our fathers acted and hardened their necks not

Nehemiah 9:17
HEB: עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־ עָרְפָּ֔ם
NAS: among them; So they became stubborn
KJV: that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks,
INT: had performed among hardened their necks and appointed

Nehemiah 9:29
HEB: סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃
NAS: shoulder and stiffened their neck,
KJV: the shoulder, and hardened their neck,
INT: A stubborn their neck and stiffened not listen

Job 9:4
HEB: כֹּ֑חַ מִֽי־ הִקְשָׁ֥ה אֵ֝לָ֗יו וַיִּשְׁלָֽם׃
NAS: Who has defied Him without harm?
KJV: in strength: who hath hardened [himself] against him, and hath prospered?
INT: strength Who hardened about without

Psalm 95:8
HEB: אַל־ תַּקְשׁ֣וּ לְ֭בַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה
NAS: Do not harden your hearts,
KJV: Harden not your heart,
INT: not harden your hearts the provocation

Proverbs 28:14
HEB: מְפַחֵ֣ד תָּמִ֑יד וּמַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗וֹ יִפּ֥וֹל
NAS: always, But he who hardens his heart
KJV: alway: but he that hardeneth his heart
INT: fears always hardens his heart will fall

Proverbs 29:1
HEB: אִ֣ישׁ תּ֭וֹכָחוֹת מַקְשֶׁה־ עֹ֑רֶף פֶּ֥תַע
NAS: A man who hardens [his] neck
KJV: that being often reproved hardeneth [his] neck,
INT: A man reproof hardens neck will suddenly

Isaiah 8:21
HEB: וְעָ֥בַר בָּ֖הּ נִקְשֶׁ֣ה וְרָעֵ֑ב וְהָיָ֨ה
NAS: They will pass through the land hard-pressed and famished,
KJV: And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry:
INT: will pass hard-pressed and famished become

28 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 7185
28 Occurrences

’aq·šeh — 1 Occ.
hiq·šāh — 5 Occ.
hiq·šî·ṯā — 1 Occ.
hiq·šū — 2 Occ.
qā·šā·ṯāh — 1 Occ.
qā·šə·ṯāh — 1 Occ.
maq·šeh- — 1 Occ.
niq·šeh — 1 Occ.
ṯaq·šū — 3 Occ.
ū·maq·šeh — 1 Occ.
way·yaq·šū — 5 Occ.
way·ye·qeš — 1 Occ.
way·yi·qeš — 1 Occ.
wat·tə·qaš — 1 Occ.
ḇə·haq·šō·ṯāh — 1 Occ.
yiq·šeh — 2 Occ.