Strong's Lexicon qashah: To be hard, to be severe, to be difficult, to be stubborn Original Word: קָשָׁה Word Origin: A primitive root Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G4645 (σκληρύνω, sklērynō): To harden - G4642 (σκληρός, sklēros): Hard, harsh, severe Usage: The Hebrew verb "qashah" primarily conveys the idea of hardness or severity, both in a physical and metaphorical sense. It can describe something that is difficult to endure or accomplish, as well as a stubborn or obstinate attitude. In the context of human behavior, it often refers to a hardening of the heart or a refusal to heed instruction or correction. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Israelite culture, the concept of hardness was often associated with rebellion against God or resistance to His will. The hardness of heart was a significant theme in the Hebrew Scriptures, illustrating the spiritual condition of individuals or nations who turned away from God. This concept was not only a personal issue but also had communal implications, affecting the entire community's relationship with God. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to be hard, severe or fierce NASB Translation became stubborn* (2), cruel (1), defied* (1), hard (1), hard thing (1), hard-pressed (1), harden (2), hardened (1), hardens (2), harsher (1), made our hard (2), seem hard (1), severe (2), stiffen (2), stiffened (6), stubborn (1), suffered severe (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs I. [קָשָׁה] verb be hard, severe, fierce (Late Hebrew קָשָׁה be severe; Arabic  ( ) be hard, dry, III. endure, struggle against, severity; Aramaic קְשָׁא,  be hard, difficult; Jewish-Aramaic קְשִׁי, קַשְׁיָה adjective hard); — Qal Perfect3feminine singular קָֽשְׁתָה 1 Samuel 5:7, קָשָׁ֑תָה Genesis 49:7; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקְשֶׁה Deuteronomy 1:17; Deuteronomy 15:18, וַיִּ֫קֶשׁ 2 Samuel 19:44; — 1 be hard, difficult Deuteronomy 1:17 (of a legal case; מִן comparative). 2 be hard, severe, יָדוֺ ׳ק עָלֵינוּ1Samuel 5:7 (of ׳י, in judgement); בְעֵינֶ֑ךָ ׳יִק. Deuteronomy 15:18 it shall not be hard in thine eyes (seem a severe trial, an injustice); of wrath Genesis 49:7 (poem in J; "" עָ֑ז); of fierce words 2 Samuel 19:44. Niph`al Participle נִקְשֶׁה Isaiah 8:21 hardly bestead, hard pressed. Pi`el Imperfect3feminine singular וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Genesis 35:16 (E) she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour). Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הִקְשָׁה Exodus 13:15 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיֶּקֶשׁ2Chronicles 36:13; 3 masculine plural וַיַּקְשׁוּ Jeremiah 7:26 +, etc.; Infinitive construct suffix בְּהַקְשֹׁתָהּ Genesis 35:17; Participle מַקְשֶׁה Proverbs 28:14; Proverbs 29:1; — 1 make difficult, difficulty: הִקְשָׁה לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ Exodus 13:15 Pharaoh made difficulty about sending us away; of travail Genesis 35:17 (E; as Pi`el); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֺל 2 Kings 2:10 thou hast made hard to ask, asked a hard thing. 2 make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king 1 Kings 12:4 2Chronicles 10:4. 3. a. make hard, stiff, stubborn, figurative of obstinacy: וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶתעָֿרְמָּם 2 Kings 17:14 they stiffened their neck, so Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 17:23; Jeremiah 19:15; Deuteronomy 10:16; 2Chronicles 30:8; 36:13; Nehemiah 9:16,17,29; Proverbs 29:1; אַלתַּֿקְשׁוּ לְבַבְכֶם Psalm 95:8, compare Proverbs 28:14; subject ׳י, ׳אַקְשֶׁה אֶתלֵֿב פ Exodus 7:3 (P), accusative אֶתרֿוחוֺ Deuteronomy 2:30, b. shew stubborness Job 9:4 (with אֶל person [׳י]). Strong's Exhaustive Concordance be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be in, have, seem, harden, labor, be sore, A primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. Tough or severe (in various applications) -- be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be ((ask a), be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en, (labour), -ly, thing), be sore, (be, make) stiff(-en, (-necked)). Forms and Transliterations אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אקשה בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בהקשתה הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה הִקְשָׁ֥ה הִקְשָׁה֩ הִקְשׁ֖וּ הִקְשׁוּ֙ הקשה הקשו הקשית וַיִּ֙קֶשׁ֙ וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ וַתְּקַ֥שׁ וּמַקְשֶׁ֥ה ויקש ויקשו ומקשה ותקש יִקְשֶׁ֣ה יקשה מַקְשֶׁה־ מקשה־ נִקְשֶׁ֣ה נקשה קָשְׁתָ֤ה קָשָׁ֑תָה קשתה תַּקְשׁ֣וּ תַּקְשׁ֥וּ תַקְשׁ֖וּ תקשו ’aq·šeh ’aqšeh akSheh ḇə·haq·šō·ṯāh ḇəhaqšōṯāh hikShah hikShita hikShu hiq·šāh hiq·šî·ṯā hiq·šū hiqšāh hiqšîṯā hiqšū kaShatah kasheTah maksheh maq·šeh- maqšeh- nikSheh niq·šeh niqšeh qā·šā·ṯāh qā·šə·ṯāh qāšāṯāh qāšəṯāh takShu taq·šū ṯaq·šū taqšū ṯaqšū ū·maq·šeh umakSheh ūmaqšeh vaiyakShu vaiYekesh vaiYikesh vatteKash vehakshoTah wat·tə·qaš wattəqaš way·yaq·šū way·ye·qeš way·yi·qeš wayyaqšū wayyeqeš wayyiqeš yikSheh yiq·šeh yiqšehLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 35:16 HEB: וַתֵּ֥לֶד רָחֵ֖ל וַתְּקַ֥שׁ בְּלִדְתָּֽהּ׃ NAS: birth and she suffered severe labor. KJV: travailed, and she had hard labour. INT: to give Rachel suffered birth Genesis 35:17 Genesis 49:7 Exodus 7:3 Exodus 13:15 Deuteronomy 1:17 Deuteronomy 2:30 Deuteronomy 10:16 Deuteronomy 15:18 1 Samuel 5:7 2 Samuel 19:43 1 Kings 12:4 2 Kings 2:10 2 Kings 17:14 2 Chronicles 10:4 2 Chronicles 30:8 2 Chronicles 36:13 Nehemiah 9:16 Nehemiah 9:17 Nehemiah 9:29 Job 9:4 Psalm 95:8 Proverbs 28:14 Proverbs 29:1 Isaiah 8:21 28 Occurrences |
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