Lexical Summary bagad: To act treacherously, to deal deceitfully, to betray Original Word: בָּגד Strong's Exhaustive Concordance deal deceitfully, treacherously, unfaithfully, offend, transgressor, departA primitive root; to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage -- deal deceitfully (treacherously, unfaithfully), offend, transgress(-or), (depart), treacherous (dealer, -ly, man), unfaithful(-ly, man), X very. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to act or deal treacherously NASB Translation acted deceitfully (1), acted treacherously (2), betrayed (1), betrays (1), deal (1), deal treacherously (10), deal very treacherously (1), deals treacherously (1), dealt treacherously (8), dealt very treacherously (1), faithless (2), treacherous (15), treacherous one still deals treacherously (1), treacherous deal (1), treacherously (1), unfairness (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [בָּגַד] verb act or deal treacherously — Qal Perfect בָּֽגְדָה Jeremiah 3:20 14t.; Imperfect יִבְגֹּד Malachi 2:15 5t.; נִבְגַּד Malachi 2:10; Infinitive absolute בָּגוֺד Isaiah 48:8; Jeremiah 5:11; construct בְּגֹד Isaiah 33:1; בִּגְדוֺ Exodus 21:8; Participle בֹּגֵד Proverbs 22:12 11t.; בּוֺגֵד Isaiah 33:1 10t.; — act or deal treacherously, faithlessly, deceitfully, in the marriage relation, in matters of property or right, in covenants, in word and in General conduct. a. absolute 1 Samuel 14:33; Job 6:15; Psalm 78:57; Isaiah 24:16; Isaiah 33:1 (twice in verse); Isaiah 48:8; Malachi 2:11. compare phrases אחי בגדו כמו נחל my brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook Job 6:15; בֹּגְדִים בָּנָ֑דוּ וּבֶגֶד בּוֺגְדִים בָּגָ֑דוּ the treacherous have dealt treacherously, yea in treachery have the treacherous dealt treacherously Isaiah 24:16 (striking alliteration); בֹּגְדֵי אָוֶן treacherous in wickedness Psalm 59:6. b. with בְּ Exodus 21:8 (E), Judges 9:23; Isaiah 33:1 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 3:20; Jeremiah 5:11; Jeremiah 12:6; Lamentations 1:2; Hosea 5:7; Hosea 6:7; Malachi 2:10,14,15,16. c. with accusative Psalm 73:15. d. with מִן pregnant, בָּֽגְדָה אִשָּׁה מֵרֵעָהּ acteth treacherously (in departing) from her friend Jeremiah 3:20. The participle is used Proverbs 2:22 8t., Psalm 25:3; Psalm 59:6; Psalm 119:158; Isaiah 21:2; Isaiah 24:16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 33:1; Jeremiah 3:8,11; Jeremiah 9:1; Habakkuk 1:13; Habakkuk 2:5; בֹּגְדֵי בָ֑גֶד dealers treacherously in treachery (very treacherously) Jeremiah 12:1. Topical Lexicon Conceptual ScopeThe verb בָּגַד describes betrayal of a trust—any deliberate violation of relationship commitments, whether toward God or toward people. Scripture treats such treachery as an ethical and covenantal offense rather than a mere social failure. Occurrence and Distribution About forty-eight occurrences are spread through the Law (one), Historical narrative (one), Wisdom literature (seven), Psalms (five), Major Prophets (twenty-one), and Post-exilic writings (five). The prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Malachi employ the term most frequently, highlighting Israel’s unfaithfulness in the critical centuries surrounding the exile. Covenant Treachery Against God The dominant use indicts Israel and Judah for violating the covenant established at Sinai. Horizontal Betrayal Among People Scripture also applies בָּגַד to human relationships: Liturgical and Prophetic Warnings In worship texts the word exposes hypocrisy: Prophetically, treachery is portrayed as self-destructive chaos. Isaiah 24:16 pictures global judgment in an escalating refrain: “The treacherous betray; with treachery the treacherous betray.” Historical Setting From the eighth century prophets to the post-exilic community, national crises repeatedly exposed Israel’s broken covenants—with Yahweh, with international allies, and within families. Treachery therefore became a theological lens through which the exile and its aftermath were interpreted (Isaiah 21:2; Jeremiah 12:1–6; Malachi 2:10–16). Theological Implications 1. Covenant theology: Faithlessness violates both the stipulations and the spirit of the covenant, inviting judgment (Deuteronomy 32:51; Isaiah 33:1). Messianic and New Covenant Perspective The Servant Songs answer Isaiah’s lament by presenting One who will not betray trust (Isaiah 42:6). The contrast between Judah’s marital infidelity and Christ’s self-giving love for the church (Ephesians 5:25) frames the New Covenant as the divine remedy for human treachery. Jesus absorbs betrayal (Matthew 26:48–50) to establish an unbreakable covenant sealed by His blood. Practical Ministry Applications • Marriage and Family: Malachi links faithlessness to worship pollution; faithful marriages thus become living testimonies of God’s covenant loyalty. Key Passages for Study Exodus 21:8; Psalm 78:57; Psalm 119:158; Proverbs 11:3; Isaiah 24:16; Isaiah 48:8; Jeremiah 3:20; Jeremiah 5:11; Malachi 2:10–16. Forms and Transliterations בְּבִגְדוֹ־ בְּגַדְתֶּ֔ם בְּגַדְתֶּ֥ם בָ֣גְדוּ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָּ֥גְדוּ בָּגְד֜וּ בָּגְד֣וּ בָּגְדָ֣ה בָּגְדָ֥ה בָּגַ֣דְתָּה בָּגָ֔דוּ בָּגָֽדוּ׃ בָֽגֶד׃ בָג֨וֹד בָגָֽדְתִּי׃ בֹ֭גְדִים בֹּ֖גְדֵי בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה בֹּגְדִ֣ים בֹּגְדִ֥ים בֹּגְדִֽים׃ בֹגֵֽד׃ בּ֝וֹגֵ֗ד בּֽוֹגְדִ֔ים בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בּוֹגְדִ֣ים בּוֹגֵ֔ד בּוֹגֵֽד׃ בּוֹגֵד֙ בבגדו־ בגד׃ בגדה בגדו בגדו׃ בגדי בגדים בגדים׃ בגדתה בגדתי׃ בגדתם בגוד בוגד בוגד׃ בוגדים הַבּוֹגְדִ֥ים הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ הבוגד הבוגדים וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּ וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים וּבוֹגֵ֖ד ובוגד ובוגדים ויבגדו יִבְגְּדוּ־ יִבְגֹּֽד׃ יבגד׃ יבגדו־ לִבְגֹּ֖ד לבגד מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה מבגדה נִבְגַּד֙ נבגד תִּבְגּ֔וֹד תִבְגֹּֽדוּ׃ תבגדו׃ תבגוד ḇā·ḡā·ḏə·tî bā·ḡā·ḏū bā·ḡaḏ·tāh bā·ḡə·ḏāh bā·ḡə·ḏū ḇā·ḡə·ḏū ḇā·ḡeḏ ḇā·ḡō·wḏ ḇāḡāḏətî baGadtah bāḡaḏtāh baGadu bāḡāḏū ḇāḡeḏ bageDah bāḡəḏāh bageDu bāḡəḏū ḇāḡəḏū ḇāḡōwḏ bə·ḇiḡ·ḏōw- bə·ḡaḏ·tem bəḇiḡḏōw- begadTem bəḡaḏtem bevigdov bō·ḡê·ḏāh bō·ḡə·ḏê bō·ḡə·ḏîm ḇō·ḡə·ḏîm ḇō·ḡêḏ bō·w·ḡêḏ bō·wḡ·ḏîm bogDim boGed ḇōḡêḏ bogeDah bōḡêḏāh bōḡəḏê Bogedei bogeDim bōḡəḏîm ḇōḡəḏîm bōwḡḏîm bōwḡêḏ hab·bō·w·ḡêḏ hab·bō·wḡ·ḏîm habbogDim habboGed habbōwḡḏîm habbōwḡêḏ liḇ·gōḏ liḇgōḏ livGod mib·bō·ḡê·ḏāh mibbogeDah mibbōḡêḏāh niḇ·gaḏ niḇgaḏ nivGad ṯiḇ·gō·ḏū tiḇ·gō·wḏ ṯiḇgōḏū tiḇgōwḏ tivGod tivGodu ū·ḇō·w·ḡêḏ ū·ḇō·wḡ·ḏîm ūḇōwḡḏîm ūḇōwḡêḏ uVogDim uvoGed vaGadeti Vaged Vagedu vaGod vaiyivgeDu voGed Vogedim way·yiḇ·gə·ḏū wayyiḇgəḏū yiḇ·gə·ḏū- yiḇ·gōḏ yiḇgəḏū- yiḇgōḏ yivgedu yivGodLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 21:8 HEB: יִמְשֹׁ֥ל לְמָכְרָ֖הּ בְּבִגְדוֹ־ בָֽהּ׃ NAS: people because of his unfairness to her. KJV: he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. INT: have to sell of his unfairness Judges 9:23 1 Samuel 14:33 Job 6:15 Psalm 25:3 Psalm 59:5 Psalm 73:15 Psalm 78:57 Psalm 119:158 Proverbs 2:22 Proverbs 11:3 Proverbs 11:6 Proverbs 13:2 Proverbs 13:15 Proverbs 21:18 Proverbs 22:12 Proverbs 23:28 Proverbs 25:19 Isaiah 21:2 Isaiah 21:2 Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 24:16 Isaiah 33:1 48 Occurrences |
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