Isaiah 5:4
New International Version
What more could have been done for my vineyard than I have done for it? When I looked for good grapes, why did it yield only bad?

New Living Translation
What more could I have done for my vineyard that I have not already done? When I expected sweet grapes, why did my vineyard give me bitter grapes?

English Standard Version
What more was there to do for my vineyard, that I have not done in it? When I looked for it to yield grapes, why did it yield wild grapes?

Berean Standard Bible
What more could I have done for My vineyard than I already did for it? Why, when I expected sweet grapes, did it bring forth sour fruit?

King James Bible
What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

New King James Version
What more could have been done to My vineyard That I have not done in it? Why then, when I expected it to bring forth good grapes, Did it bring forth wild grapes?

New American Standard Bible
“What more was there to do for My vineyard that I have not done in it? Why, when I expected it to produce good grapes did it produce worthless ones?

NASB 1995
“What more was there to do for My vineyard that I have not done in it? Why, when I expected it to produce good grapes did it produce worthless ones?

NASB 1977
“What more was there to do for My vineyard that I have not done in it? Why, when I expected it to produce good grapes did it produce worthless ones?

Legacy Standard Bible
What more was there to do for My vineyard that I have not done in it? Why, when I hoped for it to produce good grapes did it produce worthless ones?

Amplified Bible
“What more could have been done for My vineyard that I have not done in it? When I expected it to produce good grapes, why did it yield worthless ones?

Christian Standard Bible
What more could I have done for my vineyard than I did? Why, when I expected a yield of good grapes, did it yield worthless grapes?

Holman Christian Standard Bible
What more could I have done for My vineyard than I did? Why, when I expected a yield of good grapes, did it yield worthless grapes?

American Standard Version
What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

Contemporary English Version
What more could I have done for my vineyard? I hoped for sweet grapes, but bitter grapes were all that grew.

English Revised Version
What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

GOD'S WORD® Translation
What more could have been done for my vineyard than what I have already done for it? When I waited for it to produce good grapes, why did it produce only sour, wild grapes?

Good News Translation
Is there anything I failed to do for it? Then why did it produce sour grapes and not the good grapes I expected?

International Standard Version
What more could I do in my vineyard, that I haven't already done? When I expected it to produce good grapes, why did it yield wild ones?

Majority Standard Bible
What more could I have done for My vineyard than I already did for it? Why, when I expected sweet grapes, did it bring forth sour fruit?

NET Bible
What more can I do for my vineyard beyond what I have already done? When I waited for it to produce edible grapes, why did it produce sour ones instead?

New Heart English Bible
What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? Why, when I looked for it to yield grapes, did it yield wild grapes?

Webster's Bible Translation
What more could have been done to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? Why, when I expected that it would bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

World English Bible
What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? Why, when I looked for it to yield grapes, did it yield wild grapes?
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
What [is there] to do still to My vineyard, "" That I have not done in it? For what reason have I waited for the yielding of grapes, "" And it yields [only] bad ones?

Young's Literal Translation
What -- to do still to my vineyard, That I have not done in it! Wherefore, I waited to the yielding of grapes, And it yieldeth bad ones!

Smith's Literal Translation
What to do more to my vineyard, and did I not in it? wherefore I waited for grapes to be made, and it will make wild grapes.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
What is there that I ought to do more to my vineyard, that I have not done to it? was it that I looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it hath brought forth wild grapes?

Catholic Public Domain Version
What more should I have done for my vineyard that I did not do for it? Should I not have expected it to produce grapes, though it produced wild vines?

New American Bible
What more could be done for my vineyard that I did not do? Why, when I waited for the crop of grapes, did it yield rotten grapes?

New Revised Standard Version
What more was there to do for my vineyard that I have not done in it? When I expected it to yield grapes, why did it yield wild grapes?
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
What more could have been done to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? Wherefore, when I expected that it should bring forth grapes, it brought forth wild grapes.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
What again was necessary to do for my vineyard and I have not done for it, that I expected it would produce grapes and it produced blasted things?
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
What could have been done more to my vineyard, That I have not done in it? Wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, Brought it forth wild grapes?

Brenton Septuagint Translation
What shall I do any more to my vineyard, that I have not done to it? Whereas I expected it to bring forth grapes, but it has brought forth thorns.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Song of the Vineyard
3“And now, O dwellers of Jerusalem and men of Judah, I exhort you to judge between Me and My vineyard. 4What more could I have done for My vineyard than I already did for it? Why, when I expected sweet grapes, did it bring forth sour fruit? 5Now I will tell you what I am about to do to My vineyard: I will take away its hedge, and it will be consumed; I will tear down its wall, and it will be trampled.…

Cross References
Matthew 21:33-41
Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it, and built a tower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey. / When the harvest time drew near, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit. / But the tenants seized his servants. They beat one, killed another, and stoned a third. ...

Luke 13:6-9
Then Jesus told this parable: “A man had a fig tree that was planted in his vineyard. He went to look for fruit on it but did not find any. / So he said to the keeper of the vineyard, ‘Look, for the past three years I have come to search for fruit on this fig tree and haven’t found any. Therefore cut it down! Why should it use up the soil?’ / ‘Sir,’ the man replied, ‘leave it alone again this year, until I dig around it and fertilize it. ...

Jeremiah 2:21
I had planted you like a choice vine from the very best seed. How could you turn yourself before Me into a rotten, wild vine?

Hosea 10:1
Israel was a luxuriant vine, yielding fruit for himself. The more his fruit increased, the more he increased the altars. The better his land produced, the better he made the sacred pillars.

John 15:1-8
“I am the true vine, and My Father is the keeper of the vineyard. / He cuts off every branch in Me that bears no fruit, and every branch that does bear fruit, He prunes to make it even more fruitful. / You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. ...

Psalm 80:8-16
You uprooted a vine from Egypt; You drove out the nations and transplanted it. / You cleared the ground for it, and it took root and filled the land. / The mountains were covered by its shade, and the mighty cedars with its branches. ...

Ezekiel 15:1-8
Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying, / “Son of man, how does the wood of the vine surpass any other branch among the trees in the forest? / Can wood be taken from it to make something useful? Or can one make from it a peg on which to hang utensils? ...

Mark 12:1-9
Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey. / At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. / But they seized the servant, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed. ...

Romans 11:17-24
Now if some branches have been broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others to share in the nourishment of the olive root, / do not boast over those branches. If you do, remember this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you. / You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” ...

Micah 7:1-4
Woe is me! For I am like one gathering summer fruit at the gleaning of the vineyard; there is no cluster to eat, no early fig that I crave. / The godly man has perished from the earth; there is no one upright among men. They all lie in wait for blood; they hunt one another with a net. / Both hands are skilled at evil; the prince and the judge demand a bribe. When the powerful utters his evil desire, they all conspire together. ...

Deuteronomy 32:32-33
But their vine is from the vine of Sodom and from the fields of Gomorrah. Their grapes are poisonous; their clusters are bitter. / Their wine is the venom of serpents, the deadly poison of cobras.

Hebrews 6:7-8
For land that drinks in the rain often falling on it and that produces a crop useful to those for whom it is tended receives the blessing of God. / But land that produces thorns and thistles is worthless, and its curse is imminent. In the end it will be burned.

Jeremiah 12:10-11
Many shepherds have destroyed My vineyard; they have trampled My plot of ground. They have turned My pleasant field into a desolate wasteland. / They have made it a desolation; desolate before Me, it mourns. All the land is laid waste, but no man takes it to heart.

2 Kings 17:13-15
Yet through all His prophets and seers, the LORD warned Israel and Judah, saying, “Turn from your wicked ways and keep My commandments and statutes, according to the entire Law that I commanded your fathers and delivered to you through My servants the prophets.” / But they would not listen, and they stiffened their necks like their fathers, who did not believe the LORD their God. / They rejected His statutes and the covenant He had made with their fathers, as well as the decrees He had given them. They pursued worthless idols and became worthless themselves, going after the surrounding nations that the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.

Amos 5:10-12
There are those who hate the one who reproves in the gate and despise him who speaks with integrity. / Therefore, because you trample on the poor and exact from him a tax of grain, you will never live in the stone houses you have built; you will never drink the wine from the lush vineyards you have planted. / For I know that your transgressions are many and your sins are numerous. You oppress the righteous by taking bribes; you deprive the poor of justice in the gate.


Treasury of Scripture

What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? why, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

Isaiah 1:5
Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

2 Chronicles 36:14-16
Moreover all the chief of the priests, and the people, transgressed very much after all the abominations of the heathen; and polluted the house of the LORD which he had hallowed in Jerusalem…

Jeremiah 2:30,31
In vain have I smitten your children; they received no correction: your own sword hath devoured your prophets, like a destroying lion…

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Isaiah 5
1. Under the parable of a vineyard, God excuses his severe judgment
8. His judgments upon covetousness
11. Upon lasciviousness
13. Upon impiety
20. And upon injustice
26. The executioners of God's judgments














What more could have been done
This phrase reflects God's exhaustive efforts and divine care. In the Hebrew text, the word "more" (עוֹד, 'od) suggests completeness and sufficiency. God, as the divine vinedresser, has provided every necessary resource and opportunity for His people, Israel, to flourish. This rhetorical question emphasizes God's perfect provision and the absence of any neglect on His part. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship where God continually provided guidance, protection, and blessings to Israel.

for My vineyard
The "vineyard" is a metaphor for Israel, a common imagery in the Old Testament. The Hebrew word for vineyard, "כֶּרֶם" (kerem), signifies a place of cultivation and care. In ancient Near Eastern culture, vineyards were valuable and required diligent care, symbolizing God's investment in His chosen people. This metaphor underscores the expectation of fruitfulness and the intimate relationship between God and Israel.

that I have not already done for it?
This phrase highlights God's comprehensive actions and interventions. The Hebrew verb "done" (עָשִׂיתִי, 'asiti) implies completed actions, indicating that God has fulfilled His responsibilities. The historical context shows God's acts of deliverance, law-giving, and prophetic guidance. This rhetorical question challenges the people to recognize their failure despite divine provision.

When I expected sweet grapes
The expectation of "sweet grapes" (עֲנָבִים, anavim) symbolizes the anticipated righteous deeds and faithfulness of Israel. The Hebrew word for "expected" (קִוִּיתִי, qiviti) conveys a sense of hope and anticipation. This expectation is rooted in the covenant, where God desires His people to reflect His holiness and justice. The imagery of sweet grapes represents the fruits of righteousness and obedience.

why did it yield sour grapes?
The "sour grapes" (בְּאֻשִׁים, be'ushim) symbolize the disappointing and corrupt actions of Israel. The Hebrew term for "sour" suggests something worthless or spoiled. This outcome contrasts sharply with God's expectations and highlights the moral and spiritual decay of the people. The historical context reveals Israel's idolatry and injustice, which led to their failure to produce the fruits of righteousness. This phrase serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of aligning with God's will.

(4) What could have been done more . . .--The prophet cuts off from the people the excuse that they had been unfairly treated, that their Lord was as a hard master, reaping where he had not sown (Matthew 25:24). They had had all the external advantages that were necessary for their growth in holiness, yet they had not used them rightly. (Comp. the striking parallelism of Hebrews 6:4-8.)

Verse 4. - What could have been done more? Comp. 2 Kings 17:13 and 2 Chronicles 36:15, where God is shown to have done all that was possible to reclaim his people: "Yet the Lord testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to the Law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets;" "And the Lord God of their fathers sent unto them by his messengers, rising up early, and sending; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling-place: but they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the Lord arose against his people, until there was no remedy."

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
What
מַה־ (mah-)
Interrogative
Strong's 4100: What?, what!, indefinitely what

more
עוֹד֙ (‘ō·wḏ)
Adverb
Strong's 5750: Iteration, continuance, again, repeatedly, still, more

could have been done
לַּעֲשׂ֥וֹת (la·‘ă·śō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 6213: To do, make

for My vineyard
לְכַרְמִ֔י (lə·ḵar·mî)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 3754: A garden, vineyard

that I did not
וְלֹ֥א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

already do
עָשִׂ֖יתִי (‘ā·śî·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

in it?
בּ֑וֹ (bōw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew

Why,
מַדּ֧וּעַ (mad·dū·a‘)
Interrogative
Strong's 4069: Why? for what reason?

when I waited
קִוֵּ֛יתִי (qiw·wê·ṯî)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 6960: To bind together, collect, to expect

for it to yield
לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת (la·‘ă·śō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 6213: To do, make

good grapes,
עֲנָבִ֖ים (‘ă·nā·ḇîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6025: A grape

did it bring forth
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ (way·ya·‘aś)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

sour fruit?
בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃ (bə·’u·šîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 891: Stinking or worthless (things), wild grapes


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OT Prophets: Isaiah 5:4 What could have been done more (Isa Isi Is)
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