Copper and its alloy, brass, are significant materials mentioned in the Bible, often symbolizing strength, durability, and resilience. These metals were highly valued in ancient times for their utility and symbolic meanings.

Biblical References and Symbolism

Copper, known for its reddish-brown color and malleability, is frequently mentioned in the context of construction and craftsmanship. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is noted for its hardness and resistance to corrosion, making it a symbol of strength and endurance.

In the construction of the Tabernacle and the Temple, copper and brass were used extensively. Exodus 27:2-3 describes the altar of burnt offering: "Make a horn at each of the four corners, so that the horns and the altar are of one piece, and overlay the altar with bronze. Make all its utensils of bronze—its pots to remove the ashes, and its shovels, sprinkling bowls, meat forks, and firepans." Here, the use of bronze (often synonymous with brass in biblical texts) signifies the altar's durability and the enduring nature of the sacrifices made upon it.

The prophet Daniel, in his vision of the four beasts, describes a creature with "bronze claws" (Daniel 7:19), symbolizing a kingdom of great strength and destructive power. Similarly, in Revelation 1:15 , the feet of the glorified Christ are described as "like polished bronze, refined in a furnace," indicating His steadfastness and purity.

Historical and Cultural Context

In ancient Israel, copper was mined extensively in the region of Timna, near the Gulf of Aqaba. The process of smelting copper to produce brass was well-known, and the resulting metal was used for various purposes, from weaponry to religious artifacts.

The hardness of brass made it an ideal material for tools and weapons. Job 40:18 refers to the behemoth, whose "bones are tubes of bronze, his limbs like rods of iron," illustrating the creature's immense strength and the formidable nature of brass.

Theological Implications

The use of copper and brass in the Bible often carries theological significance. These metals, through their hardness and resilience, symbolize God's enduring strength and the steadfastness required of His people. In Ezekiel 1:7 , the living creatures in the prophet's vision have "feet like those of a calf and gleamed like polished bronze," representing the divine strength and stability of God's heavenly hosts.

Moreover, the refining process of these metals is frequently used as a metaphor for spiritual purification. Just as copper and brass are refined to remove impurities, believers are called to undergo spiritual refinement to achieve holiness and righteousness.

Conclusion

Copper and brass, characterized by their hardness, serve as powerful symbols throughout the Bible. Their use in sacred contexts underscores themes of strength, endurance, and divine purity, reflecting the enduring nature of God's covenant with His people.Leviticus 26:19
And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass:
Torrey's Topical Textbook

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
... The armour for all alike was the coat of scale mail and the helmet of brass; their
weapons consisted of the two-edged battle-axe ... He is thus characterised in the ...
/.../chapter iiithe hebrews and the.htm

What was the significance of the bronze laver? | GotQuestions.org

What was Nehushtan? | GotQuestions.org

What was the brazen altar? | GotQuestions.org

Brass: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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