Copper, a reddish-brown metal known for its malleability and conductivity, is mentioned several times in the Bible, often in the context of its use in various artifacts and implements. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is also referenced, though the term "brass" in biblical times may have referred to what we now understand as bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. The use of these metals in ancient times was widespread, and they were highly valued for their durability and versatility.

Biblical References and Context

In the context of armor, copper and its alloys were used to create protective gear for warriors. One specific application mentioned in the Bible is the crafting of greaves, which are protective coverings for the legs. Greaves were an essential part of a soldier's armor, designed to protect the shins and calves during battle.

The most notable biblical reference to greaves made of brass is found in the account of Goliath, the Philistine giant who confronted the Israelites. In 1 Samuel 17:6 , it is recorded: "He had bronze greaves on his legs and a bronze javelin slung between his shoulders." This description highlights the use of bronze (often translated as brass in older versions) in the construction of Goliath's armor, emphasizing the strength and protection it provided.

Historical and Cultural Significance

The use of copper and its alloys in the ancient Near East was significant due to the metal's availability and the technological advancements it represented. The ability to smelt and work with copper and bronze allowed for the creation of more effective weapons and armor, giving those who possessed such technology a considerable advantage in warfare.

Greaves, as part of a soldier's armor, were crucial for protection in hand-to-hand combat. The mention of Goliath's bronze greaves serves to underscore his formidable appearance and the level of threat he posed to the Israelite army. The detailed description of his armor, including the greaves, paints a picture of a well-equipped and intimidating warrior.

Symbolic and Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the description of Goliath's armor, including his bronze greaves, serves to highlight the contrast between human strength and divine power. While Goliath relied on his physical might and impressive armor, David, the young shepherd boy, trusted in the Lord for victory. This narrative underscores a recurring biblical theme: reliance on God rather than on human strength or technological prowess.

The use of copper and bronze in the Bible, particularly in the context of warfare, also reflects the broader biblical narrative of conflict between God's people and their adversaries. The detailed descriptions of armor and weaponry serve not only as historical records but also as reminders of the spiritual battles faced by believers, encouraging them to put on the "full armor of God" (Ephesians 6:11) in their own lives.1 Samuel 17:6
And he had greaves of brass on his legs, and a target of brass between his shoulders.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

What was the significance of the bronze laver? | GotQuestions.org

What was Nehushtan? | GotQuestions.org

What was the brazen altar? | GotQuestions.org

Brass: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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