Deuteronomy 22:17
New International Version
Now he has slandered her and said, ‘I did not find your daughter to be a virgin.’ But here is the proof of my daughter’s virginity.” Then her parents shall display the cloth before the elders of the town,

New Living Translation
He has accused her of shameful conduct, saying, “I discovered that your daughter was not a virgin.” But here is the proof of my daughter’s virginity.’ Then they must spread her bed sheet before the elders.

English Standard Version
and behold, he has accused her of misconduct, saying, “I did not find in your daughter evidence of virginity.” And yet this is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the cloak before the elders of the city.

Berean Standard Bible
And now he has accused her of shameful conduct, saying, ‘I discovered that your daughter was not a virgin.’ But here is the proof of her virginity.” And they shall spread out the cloth before the city elders.

King James Bible
And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

New King James Version
Now he has charged her with shameful conduct, saying, “I found your daughter was not a virgin,” and yet these are the evidences of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

New American Standard Bible
and behold, he has charged her with shameful behavior, saying, “I did not find your daughter to have evidence of virginity.” But this is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread out the garment before the elders of the city.

NASB 1995
and behold, he has charged her with shameful deeds, saying, “I did not find your daughter a virgin.” But this is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.

NASB 1977
and behold, he has charged her with shameful deeds, saying, “I did not find your daughter a virgin.” But this is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.

Legacy Standard Bible
and behold, he has charged her with shameful deeds, saying, “I did not find your daughter a virgin.” But this is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.

Amplified Bible
and behold, he has made baseless charges against her, saying, “I did not find in your daughter the evidence of her virginity.” But this is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread out the garment before the elders of the city.

Christian Standard Bible
He has accused her of shameful conduct, saying, “I didn’t find any evidence of your daughter’s virginity,” but here is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ They will spread out the cloth before the city elders.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He has accused her of shameful conduct, saying: “I didn’t find any evidence of your daughter’s virginity,” but here is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.’ They will spread out the cloth before the city elders.

American Standard Version
and, lo, he hath laid shameful things to her charge, saying, I found not in thy daughter the tokens of virginity; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.

Contemporary English Version
and accusing her of not being a virgin. But he is wrong, because here is proof that she was a virgin!" Then the bride's parents will show them the bed sheet from the woman's wedding night.

English Revised Version
and, lo, he hath laid shameful things to her charge, saying, I found not in thy daughter the tokens of virginity; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Now he has made up charges against her. He says he found out that my daughter wasn't a virgin. But here's the evidence!" Then the girl's parents must spread out the cloth in front of the leaders of the city.

Good News Translation
He has made false charges against her, saying that she was not a virgin when he married her. But here is the proof that my daughter was a virgin; look at the bloodstains on the wedding sheet!'

International Standard Version
Now look, he has invented charges against her by saying, "I haven't found your daughter to be a virgin." But here is the proof of my daughter's virginity.' Then they are to spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

Majority Standard Bible
And now he has accused her of shameful conduct, saying, ‘I discovered that your daughter was not a virgin.’ But here is the proof of her virginity.” And they shall spread out the cloth before the city elders.

NET Bible
Moreover, he has raised accusations of impropriety by saying, 'I discovered your daughter was not a virgin,' but this is the evidence of my daughter's virginity!" The cloth must then be spread out before the city's elders.

New Heart English Bible
and look, he has accused her of shameful things, saying, 'I did not find in your daughter the tokens of virginity;' and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity." They shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

Webster's Bible Translation
And lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

World English Bible
Behold, he has accused her of shameful things, saying, ‘I didn’t find in your daughter the tokens of virginity;’ and yet these are the tokens of my daughter’s virginity.” They shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and behold, he has laid evil deeds of words, saying, I have not found proofs of virginity for your daughter—and these [are] the proofs of virginity of my daughter! And they have spread out the garment before [the] elderly of the city.

Young's Literal Translation
and lo, he hath laid actions of words, saying, I have not found to thy daughter tokens of virginity -- and these are the tokens of the virginity of my daughter! and they have spread out the garment before the elders of the city.

Smith's Literal Translation
And behold, he set up pretexts of words, saying, I found not in thy daughter the signs of virginity; and these the signs of my daughter's virginity. And they spread the garment before the old men of the city.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
He layeth to her charge a very ill name, so as to say: I found not thy daughter a virgin: and behold these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the ancients of the city:

Catholic Public Domain Version
he accuses her with a very wicked name, by saying: “I did not find your daughter to be a virgin.” But behold, these are the signs of my daughter’s virginity.’ And they shall spread the clothing before the elders of the city.

New American Bible
and now accuses her of misconduct, saying: ‘I did not find evidence of your daughter’s virginity.’ But here is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity!” And they shall spread out the cloth before the elders of the city.

New Revised Standard Version
now he has made up charges against her, saying, ‘I did not find evidence of your daughter’s virginity.’ But here is the evidence of my daughter’s virginity.” Then they shall spread out the cloth before the elders of the town.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And, lo, he has given occasion of speech against her, charging her with whoredom, saying, I found not your daughter a virgin; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And behold he conducts an accusation after her with words and says, ‘I have not found your daughter a virgin’, and these are the tokens of virginity of my daughter', and they shall spread the cloth before the Elders of the town.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
and, lo, he hath laid wanton charges, saying: I found not in thy daughter the tokens of virginity; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity.' And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and now he has hated her, and attaches reproachful words to her, saying, I have not found tokens of virginity with thy daughter; and these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall unfold the garment before the elders of the city.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Marriage Violations
16and say to the elders, “I gave my daughter in marriage to this man, but he has come to hate her. 17And now he has accused her of shameful conduct, saying, ‘I discovered that your daughter was not a virgin.’ But here is the proof of her virginity.” And they shall spread out the cloth before the city elders. 18Then the elders of that city shall take the man and punish him.…

Cross References
Numbers 5:11-31
Then the LORD said to Moses, / “Speak to the Israelites and tell them that if any man’s wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him / by sleeping with another man, and it is concealed from her husband and her impurity is undetected (since there is no witness against her and she was not caught in the act), ...

Matthew 1:18-19
This is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about: His mother Mary was pledged in marriage to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. / Because Joseph her husband was a righteous man and was unwilling to disgrace her publicly, he resolved to divorce her quietly.

Genesis 34:12-31
Demand a high dowry and an expensive gift, and I will give you whatever you ask. Only give me the girl as my wife!” / But because Shechem had defiled their sister Dinah, Jacob’s sons answered him and his father Hamor deceitfully. / “We cannot do such a thing,” they said. “To give our sister to an uncircumcised man would be a disgrace to us. ...

Leviticus 20:10
If a man commits adultery with another man’s wife—with the wife of his neighbor—both the adulterer and the adulteress must surely be put to death.

John 8:3-5
The scribes and Pharisees, however, brought to Him a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before them / and said, “Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. / In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such a woman. So what do You say?”

Exodus 22:16-17
If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged in marriage and sleeps with her, he must pay the full dowry for her to be his wife. / If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay an amount comparable to the bridal price of a virgin.

1 Corinthians 6:9-10
Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts, / nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor verbal abusers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

2 Samuel 13:12-14
“No, my brother!” she cried. “Do not violate me, for such a thing should never be done in Israel. Do not do this disgraceful thing! / Where could I ever take my shame? And you would be like one of the fools in Israel! Please speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you.” / But Amnon refused to listen to her, and being stronger, he violated her and lay with her.

Hosea 4:14
I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.

Matthew 19:9
Now I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.”

1 Corinthians 7:2
But because there is so much sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife, and each woman her own husband.

Proverbs 6:32-33
He who commits adultery lacks judgment; whoever does so destroys himself. / Wounds and dishonor will befall him, and his reproach will never be wiped away.

Ezekiel 16:38
And I will sentence you to the punishment of women who commit adultery and those who shed blood; so I will bring upon you the wrath of your bloodshed and jealousy.

Romans 7:2-3
For instance, a married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is released from the law of marriage. / So then, if she is joined to another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from that law and is not an adulteress if she marries another man.

1 Timothy 5:14
So I advise the younger widows to marry, have children, and manage their households, denying the adversary occasion for slander.


Treasury of Scripture

And, see, he has given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not your daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

Jump to Previous
Accused Charges City Cloth Clothing Daughter Daughter's Display Elders Laid Maid Occasions Parents Proof Responsible Scandalous Shameful Sign Slandered Speech Spread Talk Tokens Virgin Virginity
Jump to Next
Accused Charges City Cloth Clothing Daughter Daughter's Display Elders Laid Maid Occasions Parents Proof Responsible Scandalous Shameful Sign Slandered Speech Spread Talk Tokens Virgin Virginity
Deuteronomy 22
1. Of humanity toward brothers
5. The sex is to be distinguished by apparel
6. The bird is not to be taken with her young ones
8. The house must have battlements
9. Confusion is to be avoided
12. Tassels upon the vesture
13. The punishment of him who slanders his wife
22. of adultery
23. of rape
28. of fornication
30. of incest














And now he has slandered her
The phrase "slandered her" is rooted in the Hebrew word "שָׂם" (shem), which means to put or place, often used in the context of placing blame or accusation. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, a woman's honor and her family's reputation were closely tied to her virginity at marriage. Slander in this context is not just a personal attack but a communal and familial disgrace. The gravity of such an accusation reflects the importance of truth and integrity in relationships, as well as the protection of one's reputation.

saying, ‘I did not find your daughter a virgin.’
The accusation "I did not find your daughter a virgin" is a serious charge in the context of ancient Israelite society. Virginity was a symbol of purity and faithfulness, and its absence could lead to severe social and legal consequences. The Hebrew term for virgin, "בְּתוּלָה" (betulah), signifies a young woman of marriageable age who is expected to be chaste. This reflects the cultural and religious emphasis on sexual purity and the sanctity of marriage, which are themes that resonate throughout the biblical narrative.

But here is the proof of her virginity
The "proof of her virginity" refers to physical evidence, typically a cloth with bloodstains from the wedding night, which was customarily kept as a testament to the bride's virginity. This practice underscores the legal and societal structures in place to protect women from false accusations. It also highlights the importance of justice and truth in the community, as the evidence serves to vindicate the woman and restore her honor.

And they shall spread out the cloth before the elders of the city
The act of spreading out the cloth "before the elders of the city" indicates a formal legal proceeding. The elders, respected leaders and judges within the community, were responsible for maintaining justice and order. This public display of evidence emphasizes the communal aspect of justice in ancient Israel, where disputes were resolved in the presence of witnesses to ensure fairness and accountability. It reflects the biblical principle that truth should be established by multiple witnesses, as seen in Deuteronomy 19:15.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
And now
וְהִנֵּה־ (wə·hin·nêh-)
Conjunctive waw | Interjection
Strong's 2009: Lo! behold!

he
ה֡וּא (hū)
Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

has accused her
שָׂם֩ (śām)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7760: Put -- to put, place, set

of shameful conduct,
עֲלִילֹ֨ת (‘ă·lî·lōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 5949: An exploit, a performance, an opportunity

saying,
לֵאמֹ֗ר (lê·mōr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 559: To utter, say

‘I discovered
מָצָ֤אתִי (mā·ṣā·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 4672: To come forth to, appear, exist, to attain, find, acquire, to occur, meet, be present

your daughter
לְבִתְּךָ֙ (lə·ḇit·tə·ḵā)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 1323: A daughter

was not
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

a virgin.’
בְּתוּלִ֔ים (bə·ṯū·lîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1331: Virginity, the tokens of it

But here is the proof
וְאֵ֖לֶּה (wə·’êl·leh)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

of [her]
בִתִּ֑י (ḇit·tî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 1323: A daughter

virginity.”
בְּתוּלֵ֣י (bə·ṯū·lê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1331: Virginity, the tokens of it

And they shall spread out
וּפָֽרְשׂוּ֙ (ū·p̄ā·rə·śū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 6566: To break apart, disperse

the cloth
הַשִּׂמְלָ֔ה (haś·śim·lāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8071: A dress, a mantle

before
לִפְנֵ֖י (lip̄·nê)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440: The face

the city
הָעִֽיר׃ (hā·‘îr)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5892: Excitement

elders.
זִקְנֵ֥י (ziq·nê)
Adjective - masculine plural construct
Strong's 2205: Old


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 22:17 And behold he has accused her (Deut. De Du)
Deuteronomy 22:16
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