Strong's Lexicon heós: until, till, as far as, up to Original Word: ἕως Word Origin: A primary particle of time or place Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H5704 (עַד, 'ad): Often translated as "until" or "as far as," similar in usage to "ἕως" in marking time or spatial limits. - H5703 (עַד, 'ad): Another Hebrew term for "forever" or "until," used in contexts of time duration. Usage: The Greek word "ἕως" (heós) is primarily used as a conjunction or preposition to denote a point in time or space. It is often translated as "until" or "till" when referring to time, and "as far as" or "up to" when referring to space. In the New Testament, it frequently marks the end of a period or the extent of an action or event. Cultural and Historical Background: In the context of the New Testament, "ἕως" is used to express temporal limits or boundaries, which was a common linguistic feature in Koine Greek. Understanding the cultural and historical context of timekeeping and spatial boundaries in the ancient world can provide deeper insight into the use of "ἕως." The concept of time was often linked to significant events, religious observances, and agricultural cycles, which influenced how periods were marked and understood. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. particle used as a preposition, adverb and conjunction Definition till, until NASB Translation down (2), even (5), far (5), how (7), long (1), long* (7), no more (1), point (2), right (1), until (83), while (5). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2193: ἕωςἕως, a particle marking a limit, and I. as a conjunction signifying 1. the temporal terminus ad quem, till, until (Latindonee,usquedum); as in the best writings a. with an preterite indicative, where something is spoken of which continued up to a certain time: Matthew 2:9 (ἕως ... ἔστη (ἐστάθη L T Tr WH)); b. with ἄν and the aorist subjunctive (equivalent to the Latin future perfect), where it is left doubtful when that will take place till which it is said a thing will continue (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 42, 5): ἴσθι ἐκεῖ, ἕως ἄν εἴπω σοι, Matthew 2:13; add, c. more rarely used with the present indicative where the aorist subjunctive might have been expected (Winers Grammar, as above; Buttmann, 231 (199)): so four times ἕως ἔρχομαι, Luke 19:13 (where L T Tr WH ἐν ᾧ for ἕως, but cf. Bleek at the passage); John 21:22; 1 Timothy 4:13; ἕως ἀπολύει, Mark 6:45 L T Tr WH, for R G ἀπολύσῃ (the indicative being due to a blending of direct and indirect discourse; as in Plutarch, Lycurgus 29, 3 δεῖν οὖν ἐκείνους ἐμμένειν τοῖς καθεστωσι νόμοις ... ἕως ἐπανεισιν). d. once with the future indicative, according to an improbable reading in Luke 13:35: ἕως ἥξει Tdf., ἕως ἄν ἥξει Lachmann, for R G ἕως ἄν ἥξῃ; (but WH (omitting ἄν ἥξῃ ὅτε) read ἕως εἴπητε; Tr omits ἄν and brackets ἥξῃ ὅτε; cf. Buttmann, 231f (199f)). 2. as in Greek writings from Homer down, as long as, while, followed by the indicative in all tenses — in the N. T. only in the present: ἕως ἡμέρα ἐστιν, John 9:4 (Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading ὡς); ἕως (L T Tr WH ὡς) τό φῶς ἔχετε, John 12:35f (ἕως ἔτι φῶς ἐστιν, Plato, Phaedo, p. 89 c.); (Mark 6:45 (cf. c. above)). II. By a usage chiefly later it gets the force of an adverb, Latinusquead; and 1. used of a temporal terminus ad quem, until (unto); a. like a preposition, with a genitive of time (Winers Grammar, § 54, 6; Buttmann, 319 (274)): ἕως αἰῶνος, Luke 1:55 Griesbach (Ezekiel 25:15 Alex.; 1 Chronicles 17:16; Sir. 16:26, Fritzsche; b. with the genitive of the neuter relative pronoun οὗ or ὅτου it gets the force of a conjunction, until, till (the time when); α. ἕως οὗ (first in Herodotus 2, 143; but after that only in later authors, as Plutarch, et al. (Winers Grammar, 296 (278) note; Buttmann, 230f (199))): followed by the indicative, Matthew 1:25 (WH brackets οὗ); c. before adverbs of time (rarely so in the earlier and more elegant writings, as ἕως ὀψέ, Thucydides 3, 108; (cf. Winers Grammar, § 54, 6 at the end; Buttmann, 320 (275))): ἕως ἄρτι, up to this time, until now (Vig. ed. Herm., p. 388), Matthew 11:12; John 2:10; John 5:17; John 16:24; 1 John 2:9; 1 Corinthians 4:13; 1 Corinthians 8:7; 1 Corinthians 15:6; ἕως πότε; how long? Matthew 17:17; Mark 9:19; Luke 9:41; John 10:24; Revelation 6:10 (Psalm 12:2f ( 2. according to a usage dating from Aristotle down, employed of the localterminus ad quem, unto, as far as, even to; a. like a preposition, with a genitive of place (Winers Grammar, § 54, 6; Buttmann, 319 (274)): ἕως ᾅδου, ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Matthew 11:23; Luke 10:15; add, Matthew 24:31; Matthew 26:58; Mark 13:27; Luke 2:15; Luke 4:29; Acts 1:8; Acts 11:19, 22; Acts 17:15; Acts 23:23; 2 Corinthians 12:2; with the genitive of person, to the place where one is: Luke 4:42; Acts 9:38 (ἕως ὑπερβορεων, Aelian v. h. 3, 18). b. with adverbs of place (Winers Grammar, and Buttmann, as in c. above): ἕως ἄνω, John 2:7; ἕως ἔσω, Mark 14:54; ἕως κάτω, Matthew 27:51; Mark 15:38; ἕως ὧδε, Luke 23:5 (cf. Winers Grammar, § 66, 1 c.). c. with prepositions: ἕως ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, Acts 21:5; ἕως εἰς, Luke 24:50 (R G L marginal reading, but L text T Tr WH ἕως πρός as far as to (Polybius 3, 82, 6; 12, 17, 4; Genesis 38:1)); Polybius 1:11, 14; Aelian v. h. 12, 22. 3. of the limit (terminus)of quantity; with an adverb of number: ἕως ἑπτάκις, Matthew 18:21; with numerals: Matthew 22:26 (ἕως τῶν ἑπτά); cf. Matthew 20:8; John 8:9 (Rec.); Acts 8:10; Hebrews 8:11; οὐκ ἐστιν ἕως ἑνός, there is not so much as one, Romans 3:12 from Psalm 13:1 4. of the limit of measurement: ἕως ἡμίσους, Mark 6:23; Esther 5:3, 6 Alex. 5. of the end or limit in acting and suffering: ἕως τούτου, Luke 22:51 (see ἐάω, 2); ἕως τοῦ θερισμοῦ, Matthew 13:30 L Tr WH text; ἕως θανάτου, even to death, so that I almost die, Mark 14:34; Matthew 26:38 (Sir. 4:28 Sir. 31:13 (Sir. 34:13); STRONGS NT 2193a: ζ [ζ Zeta, on its substitution for sigma ς see Sigma.] Of uncertain affinity; a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place) -- even (until, unto), (as) far (as), how long, (un-)til(-l), (hither-, un-, up) to, while(-s). Englishman's Concordance Matthew 1:17 ConjGRK: ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἕως Δαυὶδ γενεαὶ KJV: from Abraham to David [are] fourteen INT: from Abraham to David [were] generations Matthew 1:17 Conj Matthew 1:17 Conj Matthew 1:25 Conj Matthew 2:9 Conj Matthew 2:13 Conj Matthew 2:15 Conj Matthew 5:18 Conj Matthew 5:18 Conj Matthew 5:25 Conj Matthew 5:26 Conj Matthew 10:11 Conj Matthew 10:23 Conj Matthew 11:12 Conj Matthew 11:13 Conj Matthew 11:23 Conj Matthew 11:23 Conj Matthew 12:20 Conj Matthew 13:30 Conj Matthew 13:33 Conj Matthew 14:22 Conj Matthew 16:28 Conj Matthew 17:9 Conj Matthew 17:17 Conj Matthew 17:17 Conj |
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