Lexical Summary pasha: To rebel, transgress Original Word: פָשַׁע Strong's Exhaustive Concordance offend, rebel, revolt, transgression, A primitive root (identical with pasa' through the idea of expansion); to break away (from just authority), i.e. Trespass, apostatize, quarrel -- offend, rebel, revolt, transgress(-ion, -or). see HEBREW pasa' NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to rebel, transgress NASB Translation been in rebellion (1), committed (1), offended (1), rebel (1), rebelled (6), rebellion (1), revolted (7), transgress (3), transgressed (10), transgressing (1), transgression (1), transgressors (8). Brown-Driver-Briggs מָּשַׁע verb rebel, transgress (Late Hebrew id.; Syriac  is be terrified,  tepid,inspid);-Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳פ 2 Kings 3:7 +, 2 feminine singular מָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zephaniah 3:11; מָּשָׁ֑עתְּ Jeremiah 3:13, etc.; Imperfect יִפְשַׁע Proverbs 28:21+ 8 t. ImperfectImperative; masculine plural מִּשְׁעוּ Amos 4:4; Infinitive absolute ?מָּשֹׁעַ Isaiah 59:13; construct מְּשֹׁעַ Amos 4:4; Ezekiel 10:13; Participle מּשֵׁעַ Isaiah 48:8; מּשְׁעִים Isaiah 1:28 +, etc.;- 1 rebel, revolt, of nations, with בְּ against, 1 Kings 12:19; 2 Kings 1:1; 2 Kings 3:5,7; 2Chronicles 10:19; absolute 2 Kings 8:22, מִתַּחַת יַד 2 Kings 8:20; 2 Kings 8:22; 2Chronicles 21:8,10 (twice in verse); מָּֽשְׁעוּ בִי Isaiah 1:2 (Israel under figure of ׳יs sons). 2 transgress against God, absolute Isaiah 1:28; Isaiah 46:8; Isaiah 48:8; Isaiah 53:12 (twice in verse); Hosea 14:10; Amos 4:4 (twice in verse); Lamentations 3:42; Daniel 8:23; Psalm 37:38; Psalm 51:15, for (עַל) a bit of bread Proverbs 28:21; בַּרָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:13 in this thing; תּוֺרָתִי על Hosea 8:1; elsewhere with בְּ against God: ׳ב ׳פ Isaiah 43:27; Isaiah 59:13; Isaiah 66:24; Jeremiah 2:8,29; Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 33:8; Ezekiel 2:3; Ezekiel 20:38; Hosea 7:13; ב ׳מְּשִׁעִים אשׁר פ 1 Kings 8:50; Ezekiel 18:31; ב ׳עלילות אשׁר פ Zephaniah 3:11. Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular אָח נִפְשַׁע (van d. H. Participle נִפְשָׁע) a brother (who has been) offended Proverbs 18:19, but very dubious, compare Toy. Topical Lexicon Definition and Scopeפָשַׁע (pāshaʿ) is the Old Testament’s regular verb for breaking allegiance—whether to God, a king, a covenant partner, or a brother. Appearing about forty-one times, it expresses active, willful rebellion rather than accidental misstep. The contexts make clear that to “transgress” is to cross a known line, reject rightful authority, and insist on self-rule. Major Old Testament Clusters 1. National revolt (1 Kings 12:19; 2 Kings 1:1; 2 Kings 3:5; 2 Kings 8:20-22; 2 Chronicles 21:8-10) Covenant Rebellion and National Judgment Isaiah opens with God’s courtroom charge: “I reared children and brought them up, but they have rebelled against Me” (Isaiah 1:2). Here pāshaʿ summarizes Judah’s entire apostasy—idolatry, injustice, empty ritual. The same indictment recurs through Ezekiel: “They and their fathers have rebelled against Me to this very day” (Ezekiel 2:3). Persistent pāshaʿ brings historical consequences: foreign invasion, exile, and famine (Isaiah 1:7; Hosea 8:1). Even pagan nations illustrate the point. Edom’s and Moab’s insurgencies against Israel (2 Kings 8:20-22; 2 Kings 1:1) use the same verb, showing the universal moral order: revolt against God-appointed authority invites discipline. Social and Interpersonal Dimensions Pāshaʿ also exposes fractures closer to home. “A brother wronged is harder to win over than a fortified city” (Proverbs 18:19). Rebellion here is relational betrayal—an insight echoed when Job accuses the wicked of adding “rebellion to his sin” (Job 34:37). Corrupt judges will “transgress for a piece of bread” (Proverbs 28:21), proving that pāshaʿ can describe unethical exploitation just as surely as idolatry. Atonement and Sacrificial Remedy Because pāshaʿ is intentional, its remedy requires more than ritual precision; it requires substitutionary sacrifice. Isaiah 53:5 points to the Servant: “He was pierced for our transgressions.” The same chapter closes, “He bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors” (Isaiah 53:12). Daniel 9:24 likewise promises that Messiah will “finish the transgression.” The sacrificial system in Leviticus anticipates this, but the prophetic vision clarifies its ultimate fulfillment in the cross. Messianic Fulfillment The New Testament consistently lifts Isaiah’s language into its proclamation of Christ (Luke 22:37; Romans 4:25). Jesus identifies with the rebels so that rebels may receive His righteousness. The seriousness of pāshaʿ magnifies the glory of redemption: deliberate treason is met with deliberate, costly grace (2 Corinthians 5:21). Exhortations to Repentance Scripture never leaves rebellion as the last word. “Let the wicked forsake his way … and He will abundantly pardon” (Isaiah 55:7). Jeremiah 33:8 promises, “I will cleanse them from all their iniquity by which they have sinned against Me, and I will forgive all their transgressions.” Hosea pleads, “Return, O Israel, to the LORD your God; for you have stumbled by your iniquity” (Hosea 14:1). Genuine repentance reverses pāshaʿ’s trajectory and realigns the heart with its rightful King. Historical and Ministry Significance 1. Preaching and teaching: The verb unmasks sin’s true character—rebellion, not merely weakness. Proclaiming pāshaʿ sharpens conviction and prepares hearts for the gospel. Summary פָשַׁע traces a straight line from Eden’s defiance to every human heart, but the storyline does not end in exile. Through the Servant’s wounds, pāshaʿ is pardoned, cleansing is granted, and rebels are transformed into loyal sons and daughters who cry, “Your kingdom come.” Forms and Transliterations הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים הַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים הפשעים וְהַפּֽוֹשְׁעִים֙ וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים וַיִּפְשְׁע֤וּ וַיִּפְשַׁ֣ע וַיִּפְשַׁ֤ע וַיִּפְשַׁ֥ע וַיִּפְשַׁ֨ע וּֽ֭פֹשְׁעִים וּפִשְׁע֔וּ וּפֹשְׁעִ֖ים וּפֹשֵׁ֥עַ והפושעים ויפשע ויפשעו ולפשעים ופשע ופשעו ופשעים יִפְשַׁע־ יפשע־ לִפְשֹׁ֑עַ לִפְשֹׁ֖עַ לפשע נִפְשָׁ֥ע נפשע פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם פָ֣שְׁעוּ פָּ֣שְׁעוּ פָּ֥שְׁעוּ פָּשְׁעוּ־ פָּשַׁ֖עַתְּ פָּשַׁ֣ע פָּשָֽׁעוּ׃ פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ פָּשֹׁ֤עַ פָשַׁ֙עְנוּ֙ פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים פֹּשְׁעִ֛ים פֹשְׁעִ֣ים פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים פושעים פשע פשעו פשעו־ פשעו׃ פשעים פשענו פשעת פשעתם תִּפְשַׁ֥ע תפשע faShanu Fasheu fosheIm hap·pō·šə·‘îm happōšə‘îm happosheIm happoshIm lifShoa lip̄·šō·a‘ lip̄šōa‘ nifSha nip̄·šā‘ nip̄šā‘ pā·ša‘ p̄ā·ša‘·nū pā·ša·‘at pā·šā·‘at pā·šā·‘ū pā·šə·‘ū p̄ā·šə·‘ū pā·šə·‘ū- pā·šō·a‘ pāša‘ pāša‘at pāšā‘at p̄āša‘nū pāšā‘ū pāšə‘ū p̄āšə‘ū pāšə‘ū- paSha paShaat paShau pasheu paShoa pāšōa‘ pə·ša‘·tem pəša‘tem peshaTem pō·šə·‘îm p̄ō·šə·‘îm p̄ō·wō·šə·‘îm pōšə‘îm p̄ōšə‘îm posheIm p̄ōwōšə‘îm tifSha tip̄·ša‘ tip̄ša‘ ū·p̄iš·‘ū ū·p̄ō·šə·‘îm ū·p̄ō·šê·a‘ ufishU ufoShea Ufosheim ūp̄iš‘ū ūp̄ōšə‘îm ūp̄ōšêa‘ vaiyifSha vaiyifsheU vehapposheIm velapposheIm way·yip̄·ša‘ way·yip̄·šə·‘ū wayyip̄ša‘ wayyip̄šə‘ū wə·hap·pō·wō·šə·‘îm wə·lap·pō·šə·‘îm wəhappōwōšə‘îm wəlappōšə‘îm yifsha yip̄·ša‘- yip̄ša‘-Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance 1 Kings 8:50 HEB: פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּשְׁעוּ־ בָ֑ךְ וּנְתַתָּ֧ם NAS: which they have transgressed against You, and make KJV: against thee, and all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee, and give INT: their transgressions which have transgressed and make compassion 1 Kings 12:19 2 Kings 1:1 2 Kings 3:5 2 Kings 3:7 2 Kings 8:20 2 Kings 8:22 2 Kings 8:22 2 Chronicles 10:19 2 Chronicles 21:8 2 Chronicles 21:10 2 Chronicles 21:10 Ezra 10:13 Psalm 37:38 Psalm 51:13 Proverbs 18:19 Proverbs 28:21 Isaiah 1:2 Isaiah 1:28 Isaiah 43:27 Isaiah 46:8 Isaiah 48:8 Isaiah 53:12 Isaiah 53:12 Isaiah 59:13 41 Occurrences |
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