Romans 1:21
Strong's Lexicon
For
Διότι (Dioti)
Conjunction
Strong's Greek 1360: On this account, because, for. From dia and hoti; on the very account that, or inasmuch as.

although they knew
γνόντες (gnontes)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's Greek 1097: A prolonged form of a primary verb; to 'know' in a great variety of applications and with many implications.

God,
Θεὸν (Theon)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's Greek 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

they neither glorified [Him]
ἐδόξασαν (edoxasan)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's Greek 1392: To glorify, honor, bestow glory on. From doxa; to render glorious.

οὐχ (ouch)
Adverb
Strong's Greek 3756: No, not. Also ouk, and ouch a primary word; the absolute negative adverb; no or not.

as
ὡς (hōs)
Adverb
Strong's Greek 5613: Probably adverb of comparative from hos; which how, i.e. In that manner.

God
Θεὸν (Theon)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's Greek 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

[nor]
(ē)
Conjunction
Strong's Greek 2228: Or, than. A primary particle of distinction between two connected terms; disjunctive, or; comparative, than.

gave thanks [to Him],
ηὐχαρίστησαν (ēucharistēsan)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's Greek 2168: From eucharistos; to be grateful, i.e. to express gratitude; specially, to say grace at a meal.

but
ἀλλὰ (alla)
Conjunction
Strong's Greek 235: But, except, however. Neuter plural of allos; properly, other things, i.e. contrariwise.

they became futile
ἐματαιώθησαν (emataiōthēsan)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's Greek 3154: To become vain or foolish, be perverted. From mataios; to render foolish, i.e. wicked or, idolatrous.

in
ἐν (en)
Preposition
Strong's Greek 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

their
αὐτῶν (autōn)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Strong's Greek 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

thinking
διαλογισμοῖς (dialogismois)
Noun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's Greek 1261: From dialogizomai; discussion, i.e. consideration, or debate.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's Greek 2532: And, even, also, namely.

darkened
ἐσκοτίσθη (eskotisthē)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's Greek 4654: To darken. From skotos; to obscure.

in their
αὐτῶν (autōn)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Strong's Greek 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

foolish
ἀσύνετος (asynetos)
Adjective - Nominative Feminine Singular
Strong's Greek 801: Unintelligent, without wisdom, unwise, undiscerning (implying probably moral defect). By implication, wicked.

hearts.
καρδία (kardia)
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Strong's Greek 2588: Prolonged from a primary kar; the heart, i.e. the thoughts or feelings; also the middle.

Parallel Strong's
Berean Study Bible
For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts.

Young's Literal Translation
because, having known God they did not glorify [Him] as God, nor gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their unintelligent heart was darkened,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For though they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God or show gratitude. Instead, their thinking became nonsense, and their senseless minds were darkened.

New American Standard Bible
For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

King James Bible
Because that, when they knew God, they glorified [him] not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
Parallel Verses
New International Version
For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened.

New Living Translation
Yes, they knew God, but they wouldn't worship him as God or even give him thanks. And they began to think up foolish ideas of what God was like. As a result, their minds became dark and confused.

English Standard Version
For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.

New American Standard Bible
For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

King James Bible
Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For though they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God or show gratitude. Instead, their thinking became nonsense, and their senseless minds were darkened.

International Standard Version
For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him. Instead, their thoughts turned to worthless things, and their senseless hearts were darkened.

NET Bible
For although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God or give him thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their senseless hearts were darkened.

American Standard Version
because that, knowing God, they glorified him not as God, neither gave thanks; but became vain in their reasonings, and their senseless heart was darkened.

English Revised Version
because that, knowing God, they glorified him not as God, neither gave thanks; but became vain in their reasonings, and their senseless heart was darkened.

Young's Literal Translation
because, having known God they did not glorify Him as God, nor gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their unintelligent heart was darkened,
















Cross References
Genesis 8:21
And the LORD smelled a sweet savour; and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake; for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have done.

1 Kings 20:23
And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.

2 Kings 17:15
And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had charged them, that they should not do like them.

Isaiah 44:20
He feedeth on ashes: a deceived heart hath turned him aside, that he cannot deliver his soul, nor say, Is there not a lie in my right hand?

Jeremiah 2:5
Thus saith the LORD, What iniquity have your fathers found in me, that they are gone far from me, and have walked after vanity, and are become vain?

Jeremiah 9:14
But have walked after the imagination of their own heart, and after Baalim, which their fathers taught them:

Jeremiah 17:9
The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?

Ezekiel 20:25
Wherefore I gave them also statutes that were not good, and judgments whereby they should not live;

Ephesians 4:17
This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind,

Ephesians 4:18
Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:

Romans 1:1
Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,
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