Now there was a Benjamite
The tribe of Benjamin was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's youngest son, Benjamin. This tribe held a significant position in Israel's history, known for its fierce warriors (Judges 20:16) and its strategic location between the northern and southern tribes. The Benjamites were known for their skill in battle, and their territory included Jerusalem, which later became the capital under King David. The mention of a Benjamite here sets the stage for the introduction of Saul, Israel's first king, who also hailed from this tribe.

A powerful man
The term "powerful" here can be understood as a man of wealth, influence, or military prowess. In ancient Israel, power was often associated with land ownership, livestock, and the ability to lead or protect one's family and community. This description of Kish suggests that he was a man of considerable standing and respect within his tribe, which would have implications for his son Saul's future role as king.

Whose name was Kish son of Abiel
Kish is introduced as the father of Saul. The genealogy provided here establishes Saul's lineage and connects him to a family of some prominence. Abiel, Kish's father, is mentioned elsewhere in the Bible (1 Samuel 14:51), indicating a family with a notable history. Genealogies in the Bible often serve to legitimize a person's role or authority, and in this case, it underscores Saul's suitability for leadership.

The son of Zeror, the son of Becorath, the son of Aphiah of Benjamin
This detailed genealogy traces Kish's ancestry back several generations, emphasizing the importance of lineage in Israelite society. Each name in the genealogy may have held significance for the original audience, possibly indicating alliances, land ownership, or historical events associated with these ancestors. The mention of "Aphiah of Benjamin" reinforces the tribal identity and heritage, which was crucial in a time when tribal affiliations determined social and political dynamics. This lineage also highlights the providential preparation for Saul's rise to kingship, as God often worked through family lines to fulfill His purposes in Israel's history.

And he had a son named Saul
Saul, the first king of Israel, is introduced here. His name means "asked for" or "prayed for," which may reflect the Israelites' desire for a king. Saul's lineage is from the tribe of Benjamin, the smallest of the tribes, which is significant given the tribe's tumultuous history (Judges 20-21). This choice highlights God's sovereignty in selecting leaders, often choosing the unexpected or the least likely.

choice and handsome
Saul's physical appearance is emphasized, indicating that he was an ideal candidate for kingship by human standards. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, physical appearance was often associated with leadership qualities. This description sets the stage for the contrast between Saul and David, whose heart, rather than appearance, is highlighted by God (1 Samuel 16:7).

without equal among the Israelites
This phrase underscores Saul's exceptional qualities, setting him apart from his peers. It reflects the people's desire for a king who stands out, aligning with their request for a leader like those of other nations (1 Samuel 8:5). This also foreshadows the people's initial acceptance and later rejection of Saul as king.

a head taller than any of the people
Saul's height is a literal and symbolic representation of his stature among the Israelites. In a culture where physical prowess was valued, his height would have been seen as an advantage in leadership and battle. This physical attribute, however, contrasts with the spiritual qualities God values, as seen in David's selection. Saul's height also foreshadows his eventual downfall, as his reliance on physical attributes and human approval leads to his disobedience to God.

One day the donkeys of Saul’s father Kish wandered off
In ancient Israel, donkeys were valuable assets, used for transportation and carrying loads. The loss of donkeys would have been a significant concern for Kish, indicating his wealth and status. This event sets the stage for Saul's introduction, highlighting God's providence in using ordinary circumstances to fulfill His purposes. The wandering of the donkeys can be seen as a divine orchestration leading to Saul's anointing as king, illustrating how God works through everyday events.

and Kish said to his son Saul
Kish, a Benjamite, is introduced as Saul's father, establishing Saul's tribal identity. The tribe of Benjamin was the smallest of the tribes of Israel, which is significant in understanding Saul's initial humility and later rise to kingship. Saul's obedience to his father reflects the cultural importance of family hierarchy and respect for parental authority in ancient Israelite society.

“Take one of the servants and go look for the donkeys.”
Kish's instruction to Saul to take a servant underscores the social structure of the time, where servants played a crucial role in the household. The inclusion of a servant suggests Kish's wealth and the trust placed in Saul to handle family matters. This journey marks the beginning of Saul's path to kingship, as it leads him to Samuel, the prophet. The search for the donkeys parallels the search for leadership in Israel, foreshadowing Saul's future role as king.

So Saul passed through the hill country of Ephraim
The hill country of Ephraim was a central region in Israel, known for its rugged terrain and significant biblical history. Ephraim was one of the tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph's son Ephraim. This area was often associated with leadership and strength, as seen in Judges 4:5, where Deborah judged Israel under a palm tree in Ephraim. Saul's journey through this region signifies his connection to Israel's tribal heritage and foreshadows his future role as king.

and then through the land of Shalishah,
The land of Shalishah is mentioned only here in the Bible, and its exact location is uncertain. It is thought to be near the hill country of Ephraim, possibly indicating a region known for its agricultural productivity. The name "Shalishah" may suggest a division or a third part, hinting at a tripartite division of land or resources. This journey through Shalishah highlights the thoroughness of Saul's search and his dedication to his father's command.

but they did not find the donkeys.
The lost donkeys serve as a catalyst for Saul's journey, leading him to Samuel and his eventual anointing as king. In biblical times, donkeys were valuable assets, used for transportation and agriculture. The search for the donkeys symbolizes the beginning of Saul's path to leadership, as God uses ordinary circumstances to fulfill His divine purposes.

He and the servant went through the region of Shaalim,
Shaalim is another location with uncertain geography, possibly near the land of Shalishah. The mention of Saul's servant accompanying him emphasizes the social structure of the time, where servants played crucial roles in assisting their masters. This partnership reflects the importance of loyalty and service, themes that resonate throughout Saul's story and the broader biblical narrative.

but they were not there.
The repeated failure to find the donkeys underscores the futility of human efforts without divine intervention. This phrase highlights the theme of God's sovereignty, as He orchestrates events beyond human understanding. It also sets the stage for Saul's encounter with Samuel, where God's plan for Israel's monarchy begins to unfold.

Then they went through the land of Benjamin,
The land of Benjamin was Saul's own tribal territory, located north of Jerusalem. As a Benjamite, Saul's identity is rooted in this region, which was known for its warriors and strategic location. The tribe of Benjamin had a tumultuous history, including near destruction in Judges 20-21. Saul's journey through his homeland signifies a return to his roots and foreshadows his role as the first king from this tribe.

and still they did not find them.
The persistent inability to locate the donkeys emphasizes the theme of divine providence. Despite human efforts, it is ultimately God's plan that prevails. This phrase also highlights the limitations of human understanding and the need for reliance on God's guidance. Saul's fruitless search leads him to Samuel, marking the beginning of a new chapter in Israel's history.

When they reached the land of Zuph
The land of Zuph is a region within the territory of Benjamin, significant for its association with the prophet Samuel, who was from Ramah, a town in this area. This location sets the stage for Saul's encounter with Samuel, which is pivotal in the narrative of Saul's anointing as king. The mention of Zuph connects to the broader biblical theme of divine providence and guidance, as God orchestrates events leading Saul to Samuel.

Saul said to his servant
Saul, the son of Kish, is introduced as a young man from the tribe of Benjamin. His interaction with his servant highlights his status and the social norms of the time, where servants accompanied their masters on journeys. This relationship also reflects Saul's initial humility and reliance on others for counsel, a trait that contrasts with his later kingship. The servant's role is crucial, as he suggests seeking the prophet Samuel, demonstrating God's use of seemingly minor characters to fulfill His purposes.

Come, let us go back
Saul's suggestion to return home indicates his concern for his father's peace of mind, showing his sense of responsibility and familial duty. This decision point is critical, as it leads to the encounter with Samuel, which was divinely orchestrated. The narrative tension here underscores the theme of divine intervention in human affairs, as Saul's mundane concern about returning home is part of God's larger plan for Israel.

or my father will stop worrying about the donkeys
The lost donkeys serve as a narrative device to bring Saul to Samuel. In the ancient Near East, donkeys were valuable assets, essential for transportation and agriculture, reflecting Kish's wealth and concern. This concern for the donkeys illustrates the practical and immediate worries of life, which God uses to direct Saul's path. The mention of donkeys also subtly foreshadows Saul's future role, as kingship involves both mundane and significant responsibilities.

and start worrying about us
Saul's awareness of his father's potential worry for their safety highlights the familial bonds and responsibilities in ancient Israelite culture. This concern for personal safety and well-being is a recurring theme in the biblical narrative, emphasizing the human element in God's unfolding plan. Saul's statement also reflects his character at this point—considerate and mindful of his father's feelings, traits that are significant in understanding his initial suitability for leadership.

“Look,” said the servant,
The servant's role here is significant, as servants often provided counsel and assistance in ancient Israelite society. This reflects the cultural norm where servants were trusted members of a household, sometimes possessing wisdom and insight. The servant's initiative suggests a level of faith and awareness of spiritual matters, which is crucial in the narrative of Saul's anointing.

“in this city there is a man of God who is highly respected;
The "man of God" refers to the prophet Samuel, who was a pivotal figure in Israel's history. Prophets were seen as intermediaries between God and the people, and Samuel was particularly respected for his integrity and leadership. The city mentioned is likely Ramah, Samuel's hometown, which was a center for prophetic activity. This respect indicates Samuel's established reputation as a reliable and authoritative voice of God.

everything he says surely comes to pass.
This phrase underscores the reliability and divine authority of Samuel's prophetic words. In Deuteronomy 18:22, the test of a true prophet is that their predictions come true, affirming Samuel's authenticity. This also foreshadows the fulfillment of God's plans through Samuel's guidance, including the anointing of Saul as king.

Let us go there now.
The urgency in the servant's suggestion highlights the importance of seeking divine guidance. This reflects a common biblical theme where individuals seek out prophets or divine insight during times of uncertainty or decision-making, emphasizing the value placed on spiritual direction.

Perhaps he will tell us which way to go.”
This reflects the belief that prophets could provide specific guidance for personal and national matters. The phrase "which way to go" can be seen as both literal, in finding the lost donkeys, and metaphorical, in discerning God's will for Saul's future. This anticipates the unfolding of God's plan for Saul, who is about to be anointed as Israel's first king, a significant turning point in biblical history.

“If we do go,” Saul replied,
Saul's response indicates a willingness to seek guidance, reflecting the cultural practice of consulting prophets or seers for divine insight. This practice was common in ancient Israel, where prophets served as intermediaries between God and the people. Saul's deference to the prophet shows respect for spiritual authority, a theme consistent throughout the Old Testament.

“what can we give the man?”
In ancient Near Eastern culture, it was customary to bring a gift when visiting a prophet or a person of high status. This gesture was not merely a formality but a sign of respect and acknowledgment of the prophet's role. The concept of offering gifts to those in spiritual authority is seen in other biblical narratives, such as when the Queen of Sheba brought gifts to Solomon (1 Kings 10:2).

For the bread in our packs is gone,
This phrase highlights the practical concern of provision during travel, reflecting the agrarian lifestyle of the time. Bread was a staple food, and its absence signifies a lack of resources. This scarcity underscores the urgency and humility in Saul's approach to the prophet, as they have nothing substantial to offer.

and there is no gift to take to the man of God.
The term "man of God" is a respectful title for a prophet, emphasizing his role as a divine messenger. The absence of a gift could be seen as a potential barrier to receiving the prophet's favor or insight. This reflects the cultural expectation of reciprocity and honor in interactions with spiritual leaders.

What do we have?”
Saul's question reveals a moment of introspection and resourcefulness. It suggests a willingness to offer whatever they possess, no matter how small, to honor the prophet. This attitude of giving from what one has, regardless of the amount, is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus commends the widow who gave two small coins (Mark 12:41-44).

The servant answered him again.
In this passage, the servant of Saul demonstrates initiative and resourcefulness. Servants in ancient Israel often played significant roles in the lives of their masters, sometimes offering wisdom and guidance. This reflects the cultural norm where servants were trusted members of the household, often involved in important decisions. The servant's response indicates a level of respect and understanding of the situation, suggesting that he is not merely a passive observer but an active participant in seeking divine guidance.

“Look,” he said,
The word "Look" is an invitation to pay attention, emphasizing the importance of what follows. It suggests urgency and the need for Saul to consider the servant's proposal seriously. This moment highlights the servant's role in redirecting Saul's focus, which is crucial in the unfolding narrative of Saul's anointing as king.

“I have here in my hand a quarter shekel of silver.
The quarter shekel of silver represents a small but significant amount of money, indicating the servant's preparedness and willingness to contribute to the cause. In the ancient Near East, silver was a common medium of exchange, and this specific amount suggests a modest offering, yet sufficient for the purpose at hand. This reflects the cultural practice of bringing a gift or offering when seeking the counsel of a prophet or man of God, as seen in other biblical accounts (e.g., 1 Kings 14:3).

I will give it to the man of God,
The term "man of God" is used to describe a prophet or someone who speaks on behalf of God. In this context, it refers to Samuel, who is recognized as a prophet and judge in Israel. The act of giving a gift to a prophet was customary, acknowledging the prophet's role and the value of divine guidance. This practice underscores the respect and honor given to those who served as intermediaries between God and His people.

and he will tell us our way.”
The expectation that the man of God will provide direction highlights the belief in divine guidance through prophets. This reflects the historical context where prophets were sought for counsel on various matters, both personal and national. The phrase "tell us our way" indicates a desire for specific guidance, which in this narrative, foreshadows Saul's eventual anointing as king. This reliance on prophetic insight is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing the importance of seeking God's will through His appointed messengers.

(Formerly in Israel, a man on his way to inquire of God would say, “Come, let us go to the seer.”)
This phrase provides insight into the historical and cultural practices of ancient Israel. During the time of the Judges and early monarchy, individuals seeking divine guidance would consult a "seer." The term "seer" (Hebrew: "ro'eh") indicates someone who could perceive or see visions from God, offering insight into His will. This practice reflects the theocratic nature of Israelite society, where spiritual leaders played a crucial role in guiding the people. The seer was often sought for personal, communal, or national matters, indicating the importance of divine direction in all aspects of life. This practice is exemplified in the narrative of Saul seeking Samuel, the seer, for guidance about his lost donkeys, which ultimately leads to his anointing as king (1 Samuel 9:3-10).

(For the prophet of today was formerly called the seer.)
This phrase highlights the evolution of terminology and roles within Israel's religious framework. The transition from "seer" to "prophet" (Hebrew: "nabi") suggests a shift in the understanding and function of these spiritual leaders. While "seer" emphasizes the visionary aspect, "prophet" encompasses a broader role, including preaching, teaching, and conveying God's messages to the people. Prophets like Samuel, who is both a seer and a prophet, serve as intermediaries between God and Israel, guiding them according to divine revelation. This change in terminology also reflects the development of Israel's religious identity and the increasing complexity of their relationship with God. Prophets are seen throughout the Old Testament, with figures like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, who not only foretell future events but also call the people to repentance and faithfulness to God's covenant. This role foreshadows the ultimate prophet, Jesus Christ, who perfectly reveals God's will and serves as the mediator of the new covenant (Hebrews 1:1-2).

“Good,” said Saul to his servant.
Saul's response indicates his agreement and willingness to seek guidance from the man of God, showing a level of humility and openness to divine direction. This moment is significant as it marks the beginning of Saul's journey towards kingship, a role he was initially unaware of. Saul's character is introduced here as someone who listens to advice, a trait that is both commendable and necessary for leadership. This phrase also highlights the servant's influence, suggesting that God can use anyone, regardless of social status, to guide His purposes.

“Come, let us go.”
This phrase demonstrates initiative and action, reflecting a readiness to pursue God's will. It echoes the biblical theme of seeking God’s guidance, as seen in other scriptures like Proverbs 3:5-6, which encourages trust in the Lord for direction. Saul's decision to go to the man of God is a step of faith, showing reliance on spiritual insight rather than solely on human wisdom. This action can be seen as a precursor to the New Testament call to follow Christ, who is the ultimate "man of God."

So they set out for the city where the man of God was.
The city referred to is likely Ramah, where Samuel, the prophet, resided. This journey is not just a physical one but also a spiritual quest for understanding and revelation. The "man of God" is a term used for prophets, indicating someone who speaks on behalf of God, as seen with Moses and Elijah. This journey foreshadows Saul's anointing as king, a pivotal moment in Israel's history. The act of seeking out the man of God underscores the importance of prophetic guidance in the Old Testament, which is fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ, the ultimate prophet, priest, and king.

And as they were climbing the hill to the city
This phrase sets the scene for Saul and his servant's journey to find the seer, Samuel. The ascent to the city suggests a location of significance, often associated with places of worship or governance in ancient Israel. Cities were typically built on elevated ground for defense purposes. The act of climbing indicates effort and anticipation, reflecting the spiritual journey Saul is unknowingly undertaking towards his anointing as king.

they met some young women coming out to draw water
Drawing water was a daily task typically performed by women in ancient Near Eastern cultures. Wells were social gathering places, and meeting women at a well is a recurring biblical motif, seen in the stories of Rebekah (Genesis 24) and Rachel (Genesis 29). This encounter is providential, as it provides Saul with the necessary information to find Samuel. The presence of young women highlights the normalcy of the scene, yet it is a divinely orchestrated moment leading to significant events.

and asked, “Is the seer here?”
The term "seer" refers to a prophet, one who receives visions from God. At this time, the term was commonly used before "prophet" became more prevalent. Saul's inquiry shows his respect and recognition of the seer's role as a spiritual guide. This question marks the beginning of Saul's direct interaction with divine guidance, as Samuel, the seer, is about to reveal God's plan for him. The use of "seer" connects to the broader biblical theme of God providing guidance and revelation through chosen individuals.

"Yes, he is ahead of you," they answered.
This phrase indicates a direct response to Saul's inquiry about the seer's whereabouts. The seer, Samuel, is ahead, suggesting a divine orchestration in Saul's journey. This encounter is pivotal, as it leads to Saul's anointing as the first king of Israel. The phrase also highlights the role of divine providence in guiding Saul to Samuel, setting the stage for the establishment of monarchy in Israel, which was a significant shift from the period of the judges.

"Hurry now,"
The urgency in this command underscores the importance of the meeting between Saul and Samuel. It reflects the cultural practice of seizing the moment, especially in matters involving divine appointments. The urgency also suggests that there is a specific time for the sacrifice, and missing it could mean missing the opportunity for divine guidance and blessing.

"for today he has come to the city"
This indicates that Samuel's presence in the city is not a regular occurrence, emphasizing the special nature of the event. Samuel, as a prophet and judge, traveled throughout Israel, and his presence in a particular city would draw attention. This also reflects the itinerant nature of prophetic ministry during this period, where prophets would move from place to place to deliver God's messages.

"because the people have a sacrifice on the high place."
High places were common sites for worship in ancient Israel, often located on elevated ground. While later condemned for idolatrous practices, at this time, they were still used for legitimate worship of Yahweh. The sacrifice indicates a communal religious event, possibly a peace offering or a festival, which would involve the entire community. This setting provides a backdrop for Saul's anointing, linking his kingship to the religious life of Israel. The high place also foreshadows the centralization of worship in Jerusalem under David and Solomon, pointing to the future establishment of the temple.

As soon as you enter the city, you will find him before he goes up to the high place to eat.
This phrase sets the scene in the city of Ramah, where Samuel, the prophet, resides. The "high place" refers to a location used for worship and sacrifices, common in ancient Israel before the temple was built in Jerusalem. High places were often on elevated ground, symbolizing closeness to God. Samuel's presence at the high place indicates his role as a spiritual leader. The immediacy of "as soon as you enter" suggests divine orchestration, emphasizing God's providence in guiding Saul to Samuel.

The people will not eat until he comes, because he must bless the sacrifice;
In ancient Israel, it was customary for a priest or prophet to bless a sacrifice before it was consumed. This blessing was an invocation of God's presence and favor. Samuel's role in blessing the sacrifice underscores his authority and the respect he commanded among the people. It also highlights the importance of seeking God's blessing before partaking in communal meals, a practice that reflects the sacredness of fellowship and thanksgiving.

after that, the guests will eat.
The sequence of events—blessing followed by eating—illustrates the orderliness and reverence in worship practices. It also points to the communal aspect of sacrifices, where the act of eating together signifies unity and shared faith. This practice foreshadows the New Testament concept of the Lord's Supper, where believers partake in communion, remembering Christ's sacrifice.

Go up at once; you will find him.”
The urgency in "go up at once" reflects the divine timing and purpose in Saul's encounter with Samuel. This meeting is pivotal, as it leads to Saul's anointing as the first king of Israel. The phrase "you will find him" assures Saul of God's guidance and the certainty of His plans. This encounter is a turning point in Israel's history, transitioning from the period of judges to the monarchy, and it sets the stage for the eventual rise of David, a type of Christ, who would establish a kingdom foreshadowing the eternal reign of Jesus.

So Saul and his servant went up toward the city
This phrase sets the scene for a significant encounter. Saul, the son of Kish, is on a mission to find his father's lost donkeys, accompanied by his servant. The journey to the city, likely Ramah, is divinely orchestrated, as God has already informed Samuel of Saul's coming (1 Samuel 9:15-16). The act of "going up" is both literal, as cities were often built on elevated ground for defense, and symbolic, representing an ascent towards a divine appointment. This journey foreshadows Saul's rise to kingship, as God uses ordinary circumstances to fulfill His purposes.

and as they were entering it
The timing of their entrance is crucial. It highlights God's providence and perfect timing, as Saul and his servant arrive just as Samuel is about to perform a significant religious duty. This moment underscores the theme of divine guidance and intervention, a recurring motif in the narrative of Israel's history. The entrance into the city marks a transition from the mundane search for donkeys to a pivotal moment in Israel's monarchy.

there was Samuel coming toward them
Samuel, the last judge and a prophet, plays a central role in this narrative. His approach signifies the meeting of divine purpose with human action. Samuel's presence is a fulfillment of God's revelation to him about Saul's arrival (1 Samuel 9:16). This encounter is not coincidental but orchestrated by God, demonstrating His sovereignty. Samuel's role as a mediator between God and Israel is highlighted here, as he is about to anoint Saul as the first king of Israel.

on his way up to the high place
The "high place" refers to a site of worship, often located on elevated terrain. In ancient Israel, high places were used for sacrifices and religious ceremonies before the establishment of the temple in Jerusalem. Samuel's journey to the high place indicates his role as a spiritual leader and his commitment to worship and sacrifice. This setting underscores the religious and cultural context of the time, where high places were central to communal worship. The high place also symbolizes a meeting point between God and man, foreshadowing Saul's anointing and the establishment of the monarchy as part of God's plan for Israel.

Now on the day before Saul’s arrival
This phrase sets the timing of the events, indicating divine orchestration. The timing is significant as it shows God's providence in the unfolding of Israel's monarchy. Saul's arrival was not coincidental but part of a divine plan. This reflects the biblical theme that God is sovereign over time and events, as seen in Ecclesiastes 3:1, which speaks of a time for every purpose under heaven.

the LORD had revealed to Samuel
The phrase highlights the role of divine revelation in guiding the prophet Samuel. Samuel, as a prophet, was the intermediary between God and the people of Israel. This revelation underscores the importance of prophetic insight in Israel's history, as seen in Amos 3:7, which states that God does nothing without revealing His plan to His servants the prophets. The revelation to Samuel also prefigures the role of Jesus Christ as the ultimate prophet who reveals God's will to humanity (Hebrews 1:1-2).

At this time tomorrow
This phrase indicates the precise timing of God's intervention, emphasizing His sovereignty and control over events. It highlights the divine orchestration in the selection of Saul as king, showing that God's plans are executed with precision.

I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin
The tribe of Benjamin was the smallest of the tribes of Israel, as noted in Judges 21:6. This choice underscores God's pattern of using the least likely individuals to fulfill His purposes, similar to His selection of David, the youngest son of Jesse, and later, Jesus, born in humble circumstances.

and you are to anoint him ruler over My people Israel
Anointing was a significant act in ancient Israel, symbolizing the setting apart and empowerment by God for a specific role. This act foreshadows the anointing of Jesus as the Messiah, the ultimate King and Savior. The term "ruler" indicates a leadership role, but it also implies responsibility and accountability to God.

he will save them from the hand of the Philistines
The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel during this period, representing the external pressures and challenges faced by God's people. Saul's role as a deliverer is a type of Christ, who delivers His people from sin and spiritual oppression. This deliverance is both physical and spiritual, pointing to the ultimate salvation through Jesus.

For I have looked upon My people
This phrase reflects God's compassion and concern for His people, reminiscent of His response to the Israelites' cries in Egypt (Exodus 3:7). It underscores the personal relationship between God and Israel, highlighting His role as a caring and attentive deity.

because their cry has come to Me
The cry of the Israelites signifies their distress and need for divine intervention. This mirrors the cries of humanity for redemption, which God answers through the sending of His Son, Jesus Christ. It also emphasizes the power of prayer and God's responsiveness to the pleas of His people.

When Samuel saw Saul
This moment marks the first encounter between the prophet Samuel and Saul, who would become the first king of Israel. Samuel, a significant figure in Israel's history, was a prophet, judge, and leader. Saul, from the tribe of Benjamin, was searching for his father's lost donkeys, which providentially led him to Samuel. This encounter was orchestrated by God, highlighting His sovereignty in guiding events. The meeting took place in the region of Zuph, near Ramah, Samuel's hometown, emphasizing the divine orchestration in Saul's journey.

the LORD told him
The direct communication between God and Samuel underscores the prophetic office's importance in Israel. Samuel's role as a prophet was to convey God's will to the people, and here, God provides specific guidance. This divine revelation is consistent with how God communicated with His prophets throughout the Old Testament, ensuring His purposes were fulfilled. It also highlights the intimate relationship between God and His chosen servants, as seen in other prophetic callings, such as those of Moses and Elijah.

“Here is the man of whom I spoke;
God had previously informed Samuel about the coming of a man who would be anointed as king (1 Samuel 9:15-16). This phrase confirms God's earlier revelation and demonstrates His foreknowledge and plan for Israel's leadership. The choice of Saul, a man of impressive stature and appearance, aligns with the people's desire for a king like the nations around them, though it contrasts with God's ideal of a leader after His own heart, as later seen in David.

he shall rule over My people.”
This statement establishes Saul's divine appointment as king, despite the people's initial request for a monarchy being seen as a rejection of God's direct rule (1 Samuel 8:7). The term "rule" indicates a leadership role that involves governance, protection, and guidance. Saul's kingship is a pivotal moment in Israel's history, transitioning from a theocracy to a monarchy. This phrase also foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment of God's kingship through Jesus Christ, the true King who rules with justice and righteousness, as prophesied in passages like Isaiah 9:6-7.

Saul approached Samuel in the gateway
Saul, the son of Kish, was on a mission to find his father's lost donkeys, which led him to Samuel. This encounter was divinely orchestrated, as God had already revealed to Samuel that Saul would be the chosen king of Israel (1 Samuel 9:15-17). The gateway of a city was a significant place in ancient times, often serving as a hub for legal matters, trade, and social interaction. It was common for prophets and leaders to be found at the city gates, making it a fitting location for Saul to meet Samuel. This meeting at the gateway symbolizes the transition of leadership in Israel from judges to a monarchy.

and asked, “Would you please tell me where the seer’s house is?”
The term "seer" was used in ancient Israel to describe a prophet, someone who could see or perceive things beyond the natural realm. Samuel was a well-known prophet and judge in Israel, and his reputation as a seer was widespread. Saul's inquiry reflects his humility and respect for Samuel's position. This moment foreshadows Saul's anointing as king, as he seeks guidance from God's chosen prophet. The request also highlights the importance of seeking divine wisdom and direction, a theme prevalent throughout the Bible (Proverbs 3:5-6). Saul's approach to Samuel can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate prophet, priest, and king, providing guidance and leadership to His people.

“I am the seer,” Samuel replied.
In ancient Israel, a "seer" was a prophet who received divine revelations, often through visions. Samuel, as a seer, was recognized as a spiritual leader and intermediary between God and the people. This role is significant in the context of Israel's transition from a theocracy to a monarchy. Samuel's identification as a seer underscores his authority and the divine legitimacy of his actions, as seen in 1 Samuel 3:20, where all Israel recognized him as a prophet of the Lord.

“Go up before me to the high place,
High places were sites of worship, often located on elevated terrain. In Israelite culture, these were places where sacrifices and religious ceremonies were conducted. Samuel's instruction to go to the high place indicates a setting for worship and sacrifice, aligning with the cultural and religious practices of the time. This also foreshadows the sacrificial system that would be centralized in Jerusalem under King Solomon.

for you shall eat with me today.
Sharing a meal in the ancient Near East was a sign of fellowship and covenant. By inviting Saul to eat with him, Samuel is extending a gesture of hospitality and establishing a relationship. This meal is not merely social but has spiritual significance, as it precedes the anointing of Saul as king, symbolizing acceptance and divine favor.

And when I send you off in the morning,
The mention of sending Saul off in the morning suggests a time of preparation and transition. Mornings in biblical narratives often symbolize new beginnings or revelations. This phrase indicates that Saul's encounter with Samuel is a pivotal moment that will lead to a new phase in his life, aligning with the biblical theme of God orchestrating events in His timing.

I will tell you all that is in your heart.
This phrase highlights Samuel's prophetic insight and the divine revelation he possesses. It suggests that God has already revealed to Samuel the concerns and questions that Saul harbors. This assurance of divine knowledge and guidance is a recurring theme in scripture, as seen in Psalm 139:1-4, where God is depicted as knowing the innermost thoughts of individuals. Samuel's role as a prophet is to communicate God's will and provide clarity to Saul, setting the stage for Saul's anointing as king.

As for the donkeys you lost three days ago
In the ancient Near East, donkeys were valuable assets, used for transportation and agriculture. The loss of donkeys would have been a significant concern for Kish, Saul's father. The mention of "three days ago" indicates a period of searching and concern, highlighting the urgency and importance of the situation. This timeframe also sets the stage for Saul's encounter with Samuel, showing divine orchestration in the timing.

do not worry about them, for they have been found
This assurance from Samuel demonstrates his prophetic insight and God's provision. It alleviates Saul's immediate concern, allowing him to focus on the more significant matters at hand. The finding of the donkeys symbolizes God's control over seemingly mundane affairs, pointing to His sovereignty and care for His people.

And upon whom is all the desire of Israel
This phrase suggests a shift from the immediate concern of the donkeys to a broader, more significant issue. "The desire of Israel" refers to the people's longing for a king, as they had requested in 1 Samuel 8. This desire reflects Israel's wish to be like other nations, despite God's warning about the implications of having a human king.

if not upon you and all your father’s house?
Samuel's words reveal Saul's divine appointment as the first king of Israel. This unexpected elevation from a humble background underscores God's ability to choose and use individuals according to His purposes. Saul's selection fulfills the people's desire for a king, yet it also sets the stage for the complexities of monarchy in Israel. Saul's lineage, from the tribe of Benjamin, is significant as it was the smallest tribe, highlighting God's pattern of using the least likely individuals for His plans.

Saul replied, “Am I not a Benjamite
Saul identifies himself as a member of the tribe of Benjamin, which holds significance in Israel's history. The tribe of Benjamin was nearly wiped out in a civil war described in Judges 20-21, making its survival and continuation noteworthy. This background highlights Saul's humility and the improbability of his selection as king, given the tribe's diminished status.

from the smallest tribe of Israel,
Benjamin was indeed the smallest tribe, both in terms of population and influence, as a result of the events in Judges. This phrase underscores the theme of God choosing the unlikely or the least to fulfill His purposes, a recurring motif in Scripture, as seen with David, the youngest son of Jesse, and even Jesus, born in humble circumstances.

and is not my clan the least of all the clans of Benjamin?
Saul's reference to his clan being the least suggests a sense of insignificance and lack of prestige. This humility is contrasted with the later pride and disobedience Saul exhibits as king. It also reflects the biblical principle that God often elevates the humble, as seen in 1 Samuel 2:7-8, where Hannah's prayer speaks of God raising the poor from the dust.

So why would you say such a thing to me?”
Saul's question reveals his surprise and disbelief at being chosen for a significant role. This reaction is similar to other biblical figures who expressed doubt or surprise at God's calling, such as Moses in Exodus 3:11 and Gideon in Judges 6:15. It highlights the theme of divine election and the idea that God's choices are not based on human standards of worthiness or ability.

Then Samuel took Saul and his servant
This phrase highlights the initiative of Samuel, the prophet, in guiding Saul. Samuel's role as a prophet and judge in Israel is significant, as he acts as God's representative. Saul, who is from the tribe of Benjamin, is being introduced to a new phase in his life, which will lead to his anointing as the first king of Israel. The presence of Saul's servant underscores the social norms of the time, where servants often accompanied their masters.

brought them into the hall
The hall likely refers to a place of gathering, possibly a dining area or a place for communal meetings. This setting indicates a formal occasion, suggesting that Samuel had planned this event with a specific purpose. The hall could be part of a larger complex used for religious or social gatherings, reflecting the communal nature of Israelite society.

and seated them in the place of honor
Seating Saul in the place of honor signifies his future role and the respect Samuel is showing him. In ancient Near Eastern culture, seating arrangements were a reflection of status and honor. This act foreshadows Saul's impending kingship and the divine selection that Samuel is about to reveal. It also demonstrates Samuel's recognition of God's choice, despite Saul's humble beginnings.

among those who were invited
The invited guests likely included elders, leaders, or other significant figures in the community. This gathering serves as a witness to the events unfolding, providing a communal acknowledgment of Saul's new role. The presence of these witnesses is important for the legitimacy of Saul's anointing and future reign.

about thirty in all
The number thirty may not have specific symbolic significance but indicates a sizable group, enough to represent the community or leadership. This detail emphasizes the public nature of the event and the importance of communal validation in ancient Israelite society. The gathering of thirty people also reflects the organized nature of the event, suggesting that Samuel had orchestrated this meeting with divine guidance.

And Samuel said to the cook,
Samuel, the last judge of Israel and a prophet, plays a significant role in the transition from the period of judges to the monarchy. His authority is evident as he directs the cook, indicating his leadership and the respect he commands. This moment occurs during Saul's anointing, highlighting Samuel's role in God's plan for Israel. The presence of a cook suggests a formal meal, possibly a sacrificial feast, which was common in Israelite culture for significant religious and social events.

“Bring the portion I gave you
The portion refers to a specific part of the sacrificial meal, often reserved for honored guests. In ancient Israel, certain parts of the sacrifice were set aside for priests or special individuals, signifying honor and divine favor. This act foreshadows Saul's future role as king, as he is being treated with the respect due to royalty. The act of setting aside a portion also reflects the practice of offering the best to God and His chosen ones, a theme seen throughout the Old Testament.

and told you to set aside.”
Samuel's prior instruction to set aside the portion indicates his foreknowledge and divine insight into Saul's future. This premeditated action underscores the prophetic nature of Samuel's ministry and God's sovereignty in orchestrating events. The setting aside of the portion can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the chosen and anointed one, set apart for a divine purpose. This moment also connects to the broader biblical theme of God preparing and providing for His people, as seen in the provision of manna in the wilderness and the feeding of the 5,000 in the New Testament.

So the cook picked up the leg and what was attached to it and set it before Saul.
In ancient Israelite culture, the leg portion of a sacrificial animal was considered a choice piece, often reserved for priests or honored guests. This act signifies Saul's special status and foreshadows his anointing as king. The cook's role indicates the organized nature of sacrificial meals, reflecting the Levitical laws concerning offerings. The leg's presentation to Saul symbolizes God's provision and favor, aligning with the cultural practice of honoring guests with the best portions.

Then Samuel said, “Here is what was kept back.
Samuel's statement highlights the intentionality behind the meal's preparation. The portion was reserved specifically for Saul, indicating divine orchestration. This act of setting aside a portion parallels God's sovereign choice of Saul as king, emphasizing predestination and divine election. The phrase suggests that God had a plan for Saul even before he was aware of it, reflecting the biblical theme of God's foreknowledge and preparation.

It was set apart for you.
The concept of being "set apart" is significant in biblical theology, often associated with holiness and divine purpose. Saul's portion being set apart mirrors his calling to be king, a role that required consecration and dedication to God's service. This phrase connects to the broader biblical narrative of God setting apart individuals for specific purposes, such as the Levites for priestly duties or Israel as a chosen nation.

Eat, for it has been kept for you for this occasion,
The invitation to eat signifies acceptance and fellowship, a common theme in biblical hospitality. The meal marks a pivotal moment in Saul's life, symbolizing his transition from an ordinary man to the anointed king of Israel. The phrase "for this occasion" underscores the divine timing and purpose, suggesting that God orchestrates events according to His plan. This aligns with the biblical understanding of kairos, a moment of divine opportunity.

from the time I said, ‘I have invited the people.’”
Samuel's reference to inviting the people indicates a communal aspect to Saul's anointing. It suggests that Saul's kingship is not only a personal calling but also a public office with responsibilities to the nation. The gathering of people for the meal reflects the communal nature of Israelite society and the importance of public recognition in leadership roles. This phrase also hints at the prophetic role of Samuel, who acts as God's mouthpiece in orchestrating Saul's rise to kingship.

So Saul dined with Samuel that day.
The act of dining together signifies a covenantal relationship and mutual respect. In biblical times, sharing a meal was a sign of peace and alliance. Saul dining with Samuel indicates his acceptance into the prophetic and leadership community of Israel. This moment foreshadows the future collaboration between prophets and kings in Israel's history. The meal serves as a tangible sign of God's blessing and the beginning of Saul's journey as Israel's first king.

And after they had come down from the high place into the city
In ancient Israel, high places were often sites of worship and sacrifice, typically located on elevated terrain. These locations were used for both legitimate worship of Yahweh and, at times, for idolatrous practices. In this context, the high place likely served as a legitimate site for worship and sacrifice, as Samuel, a prophet of God, was present. The descent from the high place into the city signifies a transition from a sacred space to a more communal setting, indicating the movement from worship to personal interaction. This movement also reflects the biblical theme of God’s presence moving from the sacred to the everyday life of His people.

Samuel spoke with Saul on the roof of his house
In ancient Near Eastern culture, the roof of a house was often used as a place for private conversation, relaxation, and even sleeping, especially during warm weather. The flat roofs provided a secluded area away from the bustling activity of the city streets. Samuel's choice to speak with Saul on the roof suggests a desire for privacy and intimacy in their conversation. This setting underscores the importance of the message Samuel was about to convey to Saul, as it was a pivotal moment in Saul's life, marking the beginning of his journey to kingship. The rooftop conversation can be seen as a precursor to the private and personal nature of God's calling and anointing, similar to how Jesus often withdrew to solitary places to pray and communicate with His Father.

They got up early in the morning
Rising early in the morning is a common biblical motif indicating diligence and readiness to fulfill God's purposes. In the ancient Near East, early rising was often associated with important tasks or divine encounters, as seen with Abraham (Genesis 22:3) and Joshua (Joshua 3:1). This phrase sets the stage for a significant event in Saul's life, marking the beginning of his journey as Israel's first king.

and just before dawn Samuel called to Saul on the roof
In ancient Israel, roofs were flat and often used as additional living space. Calling someone from the roof suggests a private and intimate setting, away from the public eye. This moment signifies a personal and direct communication from the prophet Samuel to Saul, highlighting the importance of the message. The timing, just before dawn, symbolizes a new beginning for Saul, as the light of day breaks, so does his new role.

“Get ready, and I will send you on your way!”
Samuel's command to "get ready" implies preparation for a significant mission. This phrase echoes the biblical theme of divine commissioning, where God prepares and sends individuals for His purposes, as seen with Moses (Exodus 3:10) and Isaiah (Isaiah 6:8). Samuel, as God's prophet, acts as the intermediary, emphasizing the divine authority behind Saul's impending kingship.

So Saul got ready
Saul's obedience in getting ready reflects his initial humility and willingness to follow God's direction through Samuel. This moment is pivotal, as it demonstrates Saul's acceptance of his calling, a theme that resonates with the biblical principle of readiness to serve God, seen in the lives of other leaders like David (1 Samuel 16:12-13).

and both he and Samuel went outside together
The act of going outside together signifies unity and shared purpose between Saul and Samuel. It underscores the transition from private instruction to public action. This partnership between prophet and king is crucial in Israel's history, as it sets the tone for the relationship between divine guidance and earthly leadership. The unity here foreshadows the ideal relationship between God and His anointed leaders, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who perfectly embodies both roles.

As they were going down to the edge of the city
This phrase sets the scene for a significant moment in the narrative. The city referred to is likely Ramah, where Samuel resided. The "edge of the city" suggests a private setting, away from the hustle and bustle, suitable for a prophetic revelation. In biblical times, city gates and edges were often places of decision-making and significant encounters (Ruth 4:1, Proverbs 31:23).

Samuel said to Saul
Samuel, the last judge of Israel and a prophet, plays a pivotal role in transitioning Israel from a theocracy to a monarchy. His authority and spiritual insight are crucial in guiding Saul, who is about to be anointed as the first king of Israel. This interaction highlights the divine appointment and guidance that Saul is receiving through Samuel.

Tell the servant to go on ahead of us
This instruction indicates the need for privacy and confidentiality. In ancient Near Eastern culture, servants were often present, but significant matters, especially those involving divine revelation, required discretion. This separation underscores the importance of the message Samuel is about to deliver.

but you stay for a while
Samuel's request for Saul to stay signifies the importance of the forthcoming revelation. It emphasizes Saul's role in God's plan and the need for him to be attentive and receptive. This moment marks a turning point in Saul's life, as he is about to receive a divine commission.

and I will reveal to you the word of God
The "word of God" here refers to a specific prophetic message concerning Saul's future. In the Old Testament, prophets were God's mouthpieces, delivering His will and guidance (Amos 3:7). This revelation is crucial as it sets the stage for Saul's anointing and the establishment of the monarchy in Israel.

So the servant went on
The servant's departure ensures that the conversation between Samuel and Saul remains private. This act of obedience also reflects the cultural norms of the time, where servants followed the instructions of their masters without question. The servant's absence allows for an undistracted and focused communication of God's message to Saul.