Judges 4:5
New International Version
She held court under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites went up to her to have their disputes decided.

New Living Translation
She would sit under the Palm of Deborah, between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites would go to her for judgment.

English Standard Version
She used to sit under the palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the people of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Berean Standard Bible
And she would sit under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, where the Israelites would go up to her for judgment.

King James Bible
And she dwelt under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

New King James Version
And she would sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the mountains of Ephraim. And the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

New American Standard Bible
She used to sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the sons of Israel went up to her for judgment.

NASB 1995
She used to sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the sons of Israel came up to her for judgment.

NASB 1977
And she used to sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the sons of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Legacy Standard Bible
And she used to sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the sons of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Amplified Bible
She used to sit [to hear and decide disputes] under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the Israelites came up to her for judgment.

Christian Standard Bible
She would sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites went up to her to settle disputes.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
It was her custom to sit under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites went up to her for judgment.

American Standard Version
And she dwelt under the palm-tree of Deborah between Ramah and Beth-el in the hill-country of Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Contemporary English Version
She would sit under Deborah's Palm Tree between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, where Israelites would come and ask her to settle their legal cases.

English Revised Version
And she dwelt under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Beth-el in the hill country of Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
She used to sit under the Palm Tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the mountains of Ephraim. The people of Israel would come to her for legal decisions.

Good News Translation
She would sit under a certain palm tree between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the people of Israel would go there for her decisions.

International Standard Version
She regularly took her seat under the Palm Tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the mountainous region of Ephraim, where the Israelis would approach her for decisions.

Majority Standard Bible
And she would sit under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, where the Israelites would go up to her for judgment.

NET Bible
She would sit under the Date Palm Tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the Ephraimite hill country. The Israelites would come up to her to have their disputes settled.

New Heart English Bible
She lived under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Webster's Bible Translation
And she dwelt under the palm-tree of Deborah, between Ramah and Beth-el in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

World English Bible
She lived under Deborah’s palm tree between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and she is dwelling under the palm-tree of Deborah, between Ramah and Beth-El, in the hill-country of Ephraim, and the sons of Israel go up to her for judgment.

Young's Literal Translation
and she is dwelling under the palm-tree of Deborah, between Ramah and Beth-El, in the hill-country of Ephraim, and the sons of Israel go up unto her for judgment.

Smith's Literal Translation
And she will dwell under the palm tree of Deborah, between Ramah and between Bethel, in mount Ephraim: and the sons of Israel will go up to her for judgment.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And she sat under a palm tree, which was called by her name, between Rama and Bethel in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for all judgment.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And she was sitting under a palm tree, which was called by her name, between Ramah and Bethel, on Mount Ephraim. And the sons of Israel went up to her for every judgment.

New American Bible
She used to sit under Deborah’s palm tree, between Ramah and Bethel in the mountain region of Ephraim, where the Israelites came up to her for judgment.

New Revised Standard Version
She used to sit under the palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the Israelites came up to her for judgment.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Deborah dwelt under the palm tree between Ramtha and Beth-el on mount Ephraim; and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Debora was living under a palm tree between Ramtha and Bayth Eil on Mount Aphreim and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And she sat under the palm-tree of Deborah between Ramah and Beth-el in the hill-country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And she sat under the palm-tree of Debbora between Rama and Baethel in mount Ephraim; and the children of Israel went up to her for judgement.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Deborah and Barak
4Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, was judging Israel at that time. 5And she would sit under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, where the Israelites would go up to her for judgment. 6She summoned Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, “Surely the LORD, the God of Israel, is commanding you: ‘Go and march to Mount Tabor, taking with you ten thousand men of Naphtali and Zebulun.…

Cross References
Exodus 18:13-16
The next day Moses took his seat to judge the people, and they stood around him from morning until evening. / When his father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for the people, he asked, “What is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit alone as judge, with all the people standing around you from morning till evening?” / “Because the people come to me to inquire of God,” Moses replied. ...

Deuteronomy 17:8-9
If a case is too difficult for you to judge, whether the controversy within your gates is regarding bloodshed, lawsuits, or assaults, you must go up to the place the LORD your God will choose. / You are to go to the Levitical priests and to the judge who presides at that time. Inquire of them, and they will give you a verdict in the case.

1 Samuel 9:9
(Formerly in Israel, a man on his way to inquire of God would say, “Come, let us go to the seer.” For the prophet of today was formerly called the seer.)

2 Kings 22:14
So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Achbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went and spoke to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, the keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the Second District.

2 Chronicles 34:22
So Hilkiah and those the king had designated went and spoke to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum son of Tokhath, the son of Hasrah, the keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the Second District.

Luke 2:36-38
There was also a prophetess named Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher, who was well along in years. She had been married for seven years, / and then was a widow to the age of eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day, fasting and praying. / Coming forward at that moment, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the Child to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem.

Acts 21:9
He had four unmarried daughters who prophesied.

1 Corinthians 11:5
And every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, for it is just as if her head were shaved.

1 Corinthians 14:34-35
Women are to be silent in the churches. They are not permitted to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says. / If they wish to inquire about something, they are to ask their own husbands at home; for it is dishonorable for a woman to speak in the church.

2 Kings 4:8-10
One day Elisha went to Shunem, and a prominent woman who lived there persuaded him to have a meal. So whenever he would pass by, he would stop there to eat. / Then the woman said to her husband, “Behold, now I know that the one who often comes our way is a holy man of God. / Please let us make a small room upstairs and put in it a bed, a table, a chair, and a lamp for him. Then when he comes to us, he can stay there.”

2 Kings 4:23
“Why would you go to him today?” he replied. “It is not a New Moon or a Sabbath.” “Everything is all right,” she said.

Isaiah 3:12
Youths oppress My people, and women rule over them. O My people, your guides mislead you; they turn you from your paths.

Micah 6:4
For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery. I sent Moses before you, as well as Aaron and Miriam.

Matthew 27:19
While Pilate was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent him this message: “Have nothing to do with that innocent man, for I have suffered terribly in a dream today because of Him.”

John 4:19
“Sir,” the woman said, “I see that You are a prophet.


Treasury of Scripture

And she dwelled under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

the palm

Genesis 35:8
But Deborah Rebekah's nurse died, and she was buried beneath Bethel under an oak: and the name of it was called Allonbachuth.

between

Joshua 16:2
And goeth out from Bethel to Luz, and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth,

Joshua 18:22,25
And Betharabah, and Zemaraim, and Bethel, …

1 Samuel 1:1,19
Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: …

came up

Exodus 18:13,16,19,26
And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening…

Deuteronomy 17:8-12
If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment, between blood and blood, between plea and plea, and between stroke and stroke, being matters of controversy within thy gates: then shalt thou arise, and get thee up into the place which the LORD thy God shall choose; …

2 Samuel 15:2-6
And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel…

Jump to Previous
Bethel Beth-El Children Country Deborah Deb'orah Decided Disputes Dwelling Dwelt Ephraim E'phraim Held Hill Hill-Country Israel Israelites Judgment Mount Palm Palm-Tree Ramah Sat Seat Sit Tree Used
Jump to Next
Bethel Beth-El Children Country Deborah Deb'orah Decided Disputes Dwelling Dwelt Ephraim E'phraim Held Hill Hill-Country Israel Israelites Judgment Mount Palm Palm-Tree Ramah Sat Seat Sit Tree Used
Judges 4
1. Deborah and Barak deliver them from Jabin and Sisera
17. Jael kills Sisera














She would sit under the palm of Deborah
The phrase "She would sit under the palm of Deborah" introduces us to the setting where Deborah, a prophetess and judge, carried out her duties. The palm tree, a symbol of righteousness and peace, provides a fitting backdrop for Deborah's role as a leader and arbiter. In Hebrew, the word for "palm" is "tamar," which can also signify uprightness. This setting underlines Deborah's role as a righteous judge, offering wisdom and guidance to the people of Israel. The palm tree's enduring nature reflects Deborah's steadfastness and the respect she commanded among the Israelites.

between Ramah and Bethel
The location "between Ramah and Bethel" situates Deborah's court in a significant geographical and spiritual context. Ramah, meaning "height" in Hebrew, and Bethel, meaning "house of God," are both historically and spiritually important sites. Ramah was a place of significance in the tribal territory of Benjamin, while Bethel was a sacred site associated with the patriarch Jacob. This positioning highlights the centrality and accessibility of Deborah's leadership, bridging the physical and spiritual realms. It underscores her role as a mediator not only in legal matters but also in spiritual guidance.

in the hill country of Ephraim
The "hill country of Ephraim" refers to a region known for its rugged terrain and strategic importance. Ephraim, one of the prominent tribes of Israel, was often associated with leadership and strength. The choice of this location for Deborah's judgment seat emphasizes her authority and the respect she commanded across tribal lines. The hill country, with its elevated position, symbolizes a place of vision and oversight, fitting for a judge who was both a spiritual and civic leader.

and the Israelites went up to her for judgment
The phrase "and the Israelites went up to her for judgment" indicates the widespread recognition of Deborah's authority and wisdom. The act of "going up" suggests a pilgrimage or ascent, not just geographically but also spiritually, as the people sought divine guidance through her. In Hebrew culture, judges were seen as conduits of God's justice, and Deborah's role as a judge was divinely appointed. Her ability to lead and make decisions was a testament to her faith and the anointing she received from God. This phrase encapsulates the trust and reverence the Israelites had for Deborah, acknowledging her as a leader who embodied God's justice and mercy.

(5) She dwelt under the palm tree of Deborah.--Similarly Abraham is said to have lived under the oak of Mamre (Genesis 14:13), and Saul under the pomegranate of Migron (1Samuel 14:2). "Such tents the patriarchs loved "(Coleridge). Dean Stanley (Jewish Chron. i. 318) draws a fine contrast between the triumphant "mother of Israel" (Judges 5 under her palm, full of the fire of faith and energy,and Judaea Captiva, represented on the coins of Titus as a weeping woman sitting under a palm-tree, "with downcast eyes and folded hands, and extinguished hopes." The words "she dwelt" are literally she was sitting, which may merely mean that she took her station under this well-known and solitary palm when she was giving her judgment (comp. Psalm 9:3); just as St. Louis, under the oak-tree at Vincennes (Stanley, Jewish Chron. i. 218), and as Ethelbert received St. Austin and his monks under an oak. The tree won its name as the "Deborah palm" from her, and may also have originated the name Baal-Tamar, "the lord of the palm" (Judges 20:33). Near it was another very famous tree--Allon-Bachuth--the oak or terebinth of weeping; so called from the weeping at the burial of the other Deborah (Genesis 35:8), which is alluded to in 1Samuel 10:3, if the true reading there be "the oak of Deborah," and not of Tabor, as Thenius conjectures. . . . Verse 5. - The palm tree of Deborah. The tree, which was probably still standing in the writer's time, was known as "the palm tree of Deborah," just as a certain oak tree in the forest of Hoxne, in Suffolk, was known for many hundred years as King Edmund's oak.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
And she
וְ֠הִיא (wə·hî)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

would sit
יוֹשֶׁ֨בֶת (yō·wō·še·ḇeṯ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

under
תַּֽחַת־ (ta·ḥaṯ-)
Preposition
Strong's 8478: The bottom, below, in lieu of

the Palm
תֹּ֜מֶר (tō·mer)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 8560: Palm tree, post

of Deborah
דְּבוֹרָ֗ה (də·ḇō·w·rāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1683: Deborah -- two Israelite women

between
בֵּ֧ין (bên)
Preposition
Strong's 996: An interval, space between

Ramah
הָרָמָ֛ה (hā·rā·māh)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7414: Ramah -- 'height', the name of several places in Israel

and Bethel
אֵ֖ל (’êl)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1008: Bethel -- 'house of God', a city in Ephraim, also a place in southern Judah

in the hill country
בְּהַ֣ר (bə·har)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 2022: Mountain, hill, hill country

of Ephraim,
אֶפְרָ֑יִם (’ep̄·rā·yim)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 669: Ephraim -- a son of Joseph, also his descendants and their territory

where the Israelites
בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

would go up
וַיַּעֲל֥וּ (way·ya·‘ă·lū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 5927: To ascend, in, actively

to her
אֵלֶ֛יהָ (’ê·le·hā)
Preposition | third person feminine singular
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

for judgment.
לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ (lam·miš·pāṭ)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4941: A verdict, a sentence, formal decree, divine law, penalty, justice, privilege, style


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OT History: Judges 4:5 She lived under the palm tree (Jd Judg. Jdg)
Judges 4:4
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