At this time
This phrase sets the stage for the events that follow, indicating a specific period in Jesus' ministry. It suggests a continuation of the narrative and connects to the broader timeline of Jesus' journey towards Jerusalem. This timing is significant as it occurs shortly before Jesus' crucifixion, highlighting the urgency and importance of the events that unfold.

a man named Lazarus
Lazarus is a central figure in this chapter, and his name means "God has helped." This is the only account of Lazarus in the Gospels, and he is not to be confused with the Lazarus mentioned in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus in Luke 16. Lazarus' resurrection serves as a powerful sign of Jesus' authority over life and death, prefiguring Jesus' own resurrection.

was sick
The illness of Lazarus is a critical element that sets the narrative in motion. It underscores human vulnerability and the reality of suffering, which Jesus often addressed in His ministry. The sickness also serves as a backdrop for the demonstration of Jesus' divine power and compassion.

He lived in Bethany
Bethany is a small village located about two miles east of Jerusalem on the southeastern slope of the Mount of Olives. It is significant as a place where Jesus often visited and found refuge. The proximity to Jerusalem makes the events that occur here particularly poignant, as they foreshadow the impending climax of Jesus' earthly ministry.

the village of Mary and her sister Martha
Mary and Martha are well-known figures in the Gospels, particularly for their interactions with Jesus. Mary is often associated with devotion and worship, as seen in her anointing of Jesus' feet (John 12:3), while Martha is known for her service and hospitality (Luke 10:38-42). Their relationship with Jesus is intimate and personal, highlighting the human aspect of His ministry and the importance of faith and relationship with Him.

Mary, whose brother Lazarus was sick
Mary is identified as the sister of Lazarus, who is central to the narrative of John 11. This Mary is often associated with Mary of Bethany, distinct from other Marys in the New Testament. The mention of Lazarus being sick sets the stage for the miracle of his resurrection, which is a pivotal event in the Gospel of John. The family lived in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which was a place Jesus frequently visited. This connection highlights the close relationship between Jesus and this family, emphasizing the personal nature of the miracle to come.

was to anoint the Lord with perfume
This phrase foreshadows an event described in John 12:1-8, where Mary anoints Jesus with expensive perfume. This act of anointing is significant as it symbolizes honor and devotion, and in the context of Jesus, it prefigures His burial. Anointing with perfume was a customary practice in Jewish culture for guests and for preparing bodies for burial, indicating both reverence and prophetic insight into Jesus' impending death.

and wipe His feet with her hair
Mary's act of wiping Jesus' feet with her hair is an expression of humility and devotion. In the cultural context of the time, a woman's hair was considered her glory, and using it to wipe Jesus' feet demonstrates profound humility and love. This act also signifies the breaking of social norms, as women typically did not let their hair down in public. It reflects Mary's deep personal commitment to Jesus and serves as a model of worship and service.

Each phrase in this verse connects to broader themes in the Gospel of John, such as the revelation of Jesus' identity, the foreshadowing of His death and resurrection, and the intimate relationships He formed with His followers.

So the sisters sent word to Jesus
In the context of John 11, the sisters are Mary and Martha, who lived in Bethany with their brother Lazarus. This act of sending a message to Jesus indicates the close relationship between Jesus and this family. Bethany was located about two miles from Jerusalem, making it a place Jesus often visited. The sisters' decision to send for Jesus reflects their faith in His ability to heal and their belief in His compassion. This action also highlights the communication methods of the time, relying on messengers to convey urgent news.

“Lord, the one You love is sick.”
The term "Lord" signifies respect and acknowledgment of Jesus' authority and divinity. The phrase "the one You love" indicates a special bond between Jesus and Lazarus, emphasizing the personal nature of Jesus' relationships. This love is not just emotional but also reflects the agape love that Jesus has for His followers. The mention of sickness sets the stage for the miracle of raising Lazarus from the dead, which serves as a foreshadowing of Jesus' own resurrection. This event is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, demonstrating Jesus' power over life and death and His role as the resurrection and the life.

When Jesus heard this, He said,
This phrase indicates Jesus' awareness and response to the message about Lazarus's illness. It highlights His divine omniscience and intentionality in His actions. Jesus often used situations to teach and reveal deeper truths, as seen in His responses throughout the Gospels.

“This sickness will not end in death.
Here, Jesus speaks prophetically, knowing the outcome of Lazarus's situation. While Lazarus does physically die, Jesus refers to the ultimate outcome, which is not death but resurrection. This statement foreshadows the power of Jesus over death, a central theme in the Gospel of John, and points to the future resurrection of believers.

No, it is for the glory of God,
Jesus frames the situation as an opportunity to reveal God's glory. In Jewish culture, God's glory was often associated with His presence and power. This aligns with the purpose of Jesus' miracles, which were to manifest God's power and confirm Jesus' divine identity. The concept of God's glory is a recurring theme in Scripture, seen in events like the Exodus and the Transfiguration.

so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.”
This phrase emphasizes the dual purpose of the miracle: to glorify God and to reveal Jesus as the Son of God. The title "Son of God" affirms Jesus' divine nature and mission. The glorification of Jesus through Lazarus's resurrection prefigures His own resurrection, which is the ultimate demonstration of His victory over sin and death. This event also serves as a type of Christ's own resurrection, reinforcing His role as the life-giver and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah.

Now Jesus loved Martha
This phrase highlights the personal relationship Jesus had with Martha. In the Gospels, Martha is depicted as a practical and hospitable woman, as seen in Luke 10:38-42, where she is busy with preparations while her sister Mary sits at Jesus' feet. Jesus' love for Martha underscores His appreciation for her service and dedication, despite gently correcting her priorities. This love is not merely emotional but reflects a deep, spiritual connection.

and her sister
The sister referred to here is Mary, who is often associated with deep devotion and worship. In John 12:3, Mary anoints Jesus' feet with expensive perfume, an act of profound love and reverence. Jesus' love for Mary is evident in His defense of her actions and His acknowledgment of her understanding of His mission. This phrase emphasizes the inclusive nature of Jesus' love, extending to all members of the family.

and Lazarus.
Lazarus, the brother of Martha and Mary, is central to the narrative of John 11, where Jesus raises him from the dead. This act is a powerful demonstration of Jesus' divine authority over life and death, prefiguring His own resurrection. The love Jesus has for Lazarus is not only personal but also serves as a catalyst for revealing His glory and the power of God. The raising of Lazarus is a pivotal moment that foreshadows the ultimate victory over death through Christ.

So on hearing that Lazarus was sick
This phrase introduces the context of the passage, where Jesus receives news about Lazarus, a close friend and brother to Mary and Martha. The mention of Lazarus being sick sets the stage for the miracle of raising him from the dead, which is a pivotal event in the Gospel of John. The sickness of Lazarus is significant as it provides an opportunity for Jesus to demonstrate His power over life and death, affirming His identity as the Son of God. This moment also foreshadows Jesus' own death and resurrection. The relationship between Jesus and Lazarus is important, as it highlights Jesus' humanity and His deep personal connections, which are evident throughout His ministry.

He stayed where He was for two days
This phrase is crucial in understanding Jesus' deliberate actions. By choosing to stay for two more days, Jesus ensures that Lazarus will have been dead for four days by the time He arrives, which is significant in Jewish belief. According to Jewish customs, the soul was thought to linger near the body for three days after death, so a four-day period emphasizes the finality of Lazarus's death and the magnitude of the miracle Jesus is about to perform. This delay also serves to strengthen the faith of the disciples and those who witness the miracle, as it underscores that Jesus' timing is perfect and His actions are purposeful. The two-day wait is a demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and His control over the situation, reinforcing the theme that God's ways and timing are beyond human understanding.

and then He said to the disciples
This phrase indicates a direct communication from Jesus to His disciples, highlighting His role as a teacher and leader. The disciples were often privy to Jesus' plans and teachings, which were not always shared with the larger crowds. This moment follows the news of Lazarus's illness, showing Jesus's intention to involve His disciples in His mission. The disciples often struggled to understand Jesus's actions and teachings, reflecting the human tendency to question divine plans. This interaction underscores the importance of discipleship and the close relationship between Jesus and His followers.

“Let us go back to Judea.”
Judea was a region where Jesus had previously faced significant opposition, particularly from the religious leaders. Returning there posed a risk, as the last time Jesus was in Judea, the Jews had attempted to stone Him (John 10:31). This decision to return demonstrates Jesus's courage and commitment to His mission, despite the danger. It also foreshadows His ultimate sacrifice, as Judea is the region where He would later be crucified. This journey back to Judea is a step towards fulfilling His purpose, showing His willingness to face persecution for the sake of God's plan. The mention of Judea connects to the broader narrative of Jesus's ministry and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah's suffering and redemption.

"Rabbi," they replied
The term "Rabbi" is a respectful title meaning "teacher" or "master," indicating the disciples' recognition of Jesus' authority and role as their spiritual leader. This title reflects the Jewish tradition of discipleship, where students would follow a rabbi to learn from his teachings and way of life. In the Gospels, Jesus is often addressed as "Rabbi" by His followers, highlighting His role as a teacher of divine truth.

"the Jews just tried to stone You"
This phrase refers to a previous incident where Jewish leaders attempted to stone Jesus for what they perceived as blasphemy, particularly in John 10:31-33, where Jesus claimed unity with the Father. Stoning was a prescribed punishment for blasphemy under Jewish law (Leviticus 24:16). The hostility of the Jewish leaders towards Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospels, as they often opposed His teachings and miracles, which challenged their authority and interpretation of the Law.

"and You are going back there?"
The disciples express concern and disbelief at Jesus' intention to return to Judea, where His life was previously threatened. This reflects their fear for His safety and possibly their own, as well as a lack of understanding of Jesus' mission and divine purpose. Jesus' decision to return demonstrates His courage and commitment to fulfilling His Father's will, regardless of personal danger. This moment foreshadows His ultimate sacrifice on the cross, where He willingly faces death for the salvation of humanity.

Jesus answered
This phrase indicates a response from Jesus, often providing deeper insight or teaching. In the context of John 11, Jesus is responding to His disciples' concerns about returning to Judea, where there was danger. His answers often reveal spiritual truths and challenge conventional thinking.

Are there not twelve hours of daylight?
This rhetorical question refers to the Jewish understanding of a day divided into twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of night. It emphasizes the fixed nature of time and God's sovereign control over it. The number twelve often symbolizes completeness in the Bible, as seen in the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles.

If anyone walks in the daytime,
Walking in the daytime symbolizes living in the light of God's truth and guidance. In biblical times, travel was safer during daylight, reflecting the spiritual safety found in following God's will. This imagery is consistent with other biblical references to light and darkness, such as in Psalm 119:105, where God's word is described as a lamp to one's feet.

he will not stumble,
Stumbling is often used metaphorically in Scripture to describe falling into sin or error. Walking in the light of God's truth prevents spiritual stumbling. This concept is echoed in 1 John 1:7, which speaks of walking in the light as He is in the light.

because he sees by the light of this world.
The "light of this world" can be understood as the natural light provided by the sun, but it also points to Jesus Himself, who is described as the Light of the World in John 8:12. This dual meaning underscores the importance of both physical and spiritual illumination. Jesus, as the Light, provides guidance and clarity, preventing spiritual blindness and error.

But if anyone walks at night
In biblical times, night was often associated with danger and uncertainty. Without modern lighting, traveling at night was perilous, and this imagery is used throughout Scripture to symbolize spiritual darkness and ignorance. Walking at night can represent living without the guidance of God's truth, as seen in Proverbs 4:19, which states, "The way of the wicked is like deep darkness; they do not know over what they stumble."

he will stumble
Stumbling is a metaphor for falling into sin or error. In the Bible, stumbling often signifies a lack of spiritual insight or moral failure. Psalm 119:105 declares, "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path," suggesting that without divine guidance, one is prone to stumble. This phrase underscores the necessity of walking in the light of God's wisdom to avoid spiritual pitfalls.

because he has no light.
Light is a recurring symbol for truth, righteousness, and the presence of God. Jesus refers to Himself as the "light of the world" in John 8:12, indicating that He is the source of spiritual illumination and guidance. Without this light, individuals are left in spiritual darkness, unable to discern the right path. This phrase emphasizes the importance of having Christ's light to navigate the moral and spiritual challenges of life.

After He had said this
This phrase refers to the preceding conversation Jesus had with His disciples. In the context of John 11, Jesus had been informed of Lazarus's illness and deliberately delayed His visit to Bethany. This delay was purposeful, as Jesus intended to demonstrate His power over death, foreshadowing His own resurrection. The statement follows Jesus' declaration that He is the light of the world, emphasizing His divine authority and mission.

He told them
Jesus is addressing His disciples, who often struggled to understand His teachings and actions. This moment is a teaching opportunity, as Jesus prepares them for the miracle they are about to witness. The disciples' understanding of Jesus' mission and identity is gradually being revealed through His words and actions.

Our friend Lazarus
Lazarus is identified as a friend, indicating a personal relationship between him and Jesus. This personal connection highlights Jesus' humanity and His capacity for friendship and love. Lazarus, along with his sisters Mary and Martha, were known to be close to Jesus, as seen in other Gospel accounts. This relationship sets the stage for the emotional depth of the miracle that follows.

has fallen asleep
The use of "fallen asleep" is a euphemism for death, common in both Jewish and early Christian contexts. This metaphor reflects the belief in the temporary nature of death for believers, as sleep implies an eventual awakening. This language is consistent with other scriptural references, such as 1 Thessalonians 4:13-14, where Paul uses similar terminology to describe the death of believers.

but I am going there
Jesus' decision to go to Bethany, despite the danger posed by the Jewish leaders, underscores His commitment to His mission and His love for Lazarus. This journey is significant, as it takes place shortly before His final entry into Jerusalem, marking the beginning of the events leading to His crucifixion. Jesus' willingness to face danger for the sake of His friend foreshadows His ultimate sacrifice for humanity.

to wake him up
This phrase indicates Jesus' intention to raise Lazarus from the dead, demonstrating His power over life and death. The act of "waking up" Lazarus serves as a powerful sign of Jesus' divine authority and prefigures His own resurrection. This miracle is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, as it leads to increased belief among some and heightened opposition from others, ultimately contributing to the decision to arrest and crucify Jesus.

His disciples replied
The disciples often engaged in dialogue with Jesus, seeking understanding of His teachings and actions. This reflects their role as learners and followers, who sometimes misunderstood Jesus' intentions or the depth of His mission. In the context of John 11, they are responding to Jesus' statement about Lazarus sleeping, which they took literally.

“Lord, if he is sleeping
In Jewish culture, sleep was often used as a metaphor for death, as seen in other scriptural references (e.g., Daniel 12:2, 1 Thessalonians 4:14). The disciples' literal interpretation of sleep here shows their lack of understanding of Jesus' deeper meaning. Sleep, in this context, is a euphemism for death, indicating that Lazarus has died, but Jesus intends to awaken him, symbolizing resurrection.

he will get better.”
The disciples' response reflects a common belief that sleep is restorative and beneficial for recovery from illness. They assume that if Lazarus is merely sleeping, he will naturally recover without the need for Jesus to intervene. This highlights their misunderstanding of the situation and Jesus' power over life and death. It also sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate His authority over death, foreshadowing His own resurrection and affirming His identity as the resurrection and the life (John 11:25).

They thought that Jesus was talking about actual sleep
In the context of John 11, Jesus' disciples misunderstood His reference to Lazarus' condition. The term "sleep" is often used metaphorically in Scripture to describe death, as seen in passages like 1 Thessalonians 4:13-14 and Daniel 12:2. This metaphor reflects the temporary nature of death for believers, suggesting a future awakening or resurrection. The disciples' misunderstanding highlights their limited grasp of Jesus' power over life and death, a theme that is central to the Gospel of John.

but He was speaking about the death of Lazarus
Jesus clarifies that Lazarus has died, emphasizing His divine knowledge and authority. This statement sets the stage for the miracle of raising Lazarus, which serves as a powerful sign of Jesus' identity as the "resurrection and the life" (John 11:25). The event foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection and underscores His victory over death. It also fulfills the purpose of glorifying God and strengthening the faith of His followers, as seen in John 11:4. This moment is pivotal in the narrative, demonstrating Jesus' compassion and His divine mission.

So Jesus told them plainly
In this phrase, Jesus communicates directly and without metaphor. Previously, He had spoken of Lazarus "falling asleep," a common euphemism for death in both Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures. Here, Jesus shifts to a straightforward declaration, emphasizing the importance of clarity in understanding His mission and the events to follow. This moment underscores Jesus' role as a teacher who ensures His disciples grasp the gravity of the situation. It also highlights the necessity of clear communication in matters of faith and doctrine.

“Lazarus is dead”
This statement confirms the physical death of Lazarus, setting the stage for one of Jesus' most significant miracles: the raising of Lazarus from the dead. This event prefigures Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a powerful testament to His authority over life and death. In the Jewish context, the belief was that the soul lingered near the body for three days; Lazarus had been dead four days, emphasizing the miraculous nature of his resurrection. This miracle not only demonstrates Jesus' divine power but also foreshadows the ultimate victory over death through His own resurrection. The raising of Lazarus is a pivotal moment that leads to increased belief among some and heightened opposition from others, ultimately contributing to the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion.

and for your sake
This phrase indicates Jesus' consideration for His disciples' spiritual growth. It reflects His teaching method, which often involved allowing circumstances to unfold in a way that would strengthen their faith. This approach is consistent with His overall ministry, where He used parables and real-life situations to reveal deeper truths.

I am glad I was not there
Jesus expresses a counterintuitive gladness, which highlights His divine perspective. His absence allowed for a greater demonstration of His power over death, which would not have been possible if He had healed Lazarus before he died. This aligns with the theme of God's timing being perfect, as seen in other biblical narratives such as the story of Joseph in Genesis.

so that you may believe
The purpose of Jesus' actions is to deepen the disciples' faith. This is a recurring theme in the Gospel of John, where belief is central (John 20:31). The miracle of raising Lazarus serves as a sign pointing to Jesus' identity as the Son of God and foreshadows His own resurrection, reinforcing the belief in His divine authority.

But let us go to him.”
This invitation to go to Lazarus signifies Jesus' willingness to confront death and sorrow, demonstrating His compassion and power. It also sets the stage for the miracle that will follow, which serves as a pivotal moment in His ministry. The journey to Bethany, where Lazarus was, is significant as it was near Jerusalem, a place of increasing danger for Jesus, showing His courage and commitment to His mission.

Then Thomas called Didymus
Thomas, one of the twelve apostles, is also known as Didymus, which means "twin" in Greek. This dual naming highlights the common practice of having both a Hebrew and a Greek name, reflecting the cultural blend of the time. Thomas is often remembered for his skepticism, particularly in John 20:24-29, where he doubts Jesus' resurrection until he sees Him. His character is complex, showing both doubt and deep loyalty.

said to his fellow disciples
Thomas addresses the other disciples, indicating a close-knit group that often traveled and ministered together with Jesus. This phrase underscores the communal nature of Jesus' ministry and the shared experiences of His followers. The disciples frequently faced danger and uncertainty, as seen in previous chapters where they encountered opposition from religious leaders.

“Let us also go
Thomas's statement is a response to Jesus' decision to return to Judea, where there was a threat to His life (John 11:8). This reflects a willingness to follow Jesus despite the risks, demonstrating a commitment that goes beyond mere words. The disciples often struggled with fear and misunderstanding, yet moments like this reveal their dedication.

so that we may die with Him.”
Thomas expresses a readiness to face death alongside Jesus, showing a profound, albeit somber, loyalty. This echoes the call to discipleship, where Jesus teaches about taking up one's cross (Matthew 16:24-25). The statement foreshadows the eventual martyrdom many disciples would face and highlights the cost of following Christ. It also connects to the theme of resurrection and life, central to the chapter, as Jesus later raises Lazarus from the dead, pointing to His power over death.

When Jesus arrived
This phrase indicates the culmination of Jesus' journey to Bethany, a village near Jerusalem. The timing of His arrival is significant, as it follows His deliberate delay after hearing of Lazarus's illness. This delay serves to highlight the divine purpose and timing in Jesus' actions, emphasizing His sovereignty and the glory of God that would be revealed through the forthcoming miracle.

He found that Lazarus
Lazarus, the brother of Mary and Martha, is a key figure in this narrative. His name, meaning "God has helped," foreshadows the miraculous intervention that Jesus is about to perform. Lazarus's relationship with Jesus is one of deep friendship, underscoring the personal nature of Jesus' ministry and His compassion for individuals.

had already spent four days
The mention of four days is crucial in the Jewish context, as it was commonly believed that the soul lingered near the body for three days after death, hoping to return. By the fourth day, decomposition was thought to have set in, making any hope of resuscitation impossible. This detail underscores the hopelessness of the situation from a human perspective and sets the stage for a miracle that defies natural expectations.

in the tomb
Tombs in first-century Judea were typically caves or carved into rock, often sealed with a stone. The burial practices of the time involved wrapping the body in linen and anointing it with spices. The tomb symbolizes death's finality and the separation it causes, which Jesus is about to overcome. This setting also prefigures Jesus' own burial and resurrection, drawing a parallel between Lazarus's temporary return to life and Jesus' victory over death itself.

Now Bethany
Bethany is a small village on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives. It is significant in the New Testament as the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus, whom Jesus raised from the dead. Bethany is also where Jesus often stayed during His visits to Jerusalem, indicating its importance as a place of refuge and friendship for Him. The name "Bethany" is thought to mean "house of affliction" or "house of figs," which may reflect its humble status or agricultural nature.

was near Jerusalem
The proximity of Bethany to Jerusalem is crucial in the narrative of Jesus' ministry. Being close to the religious and political center of Israel, Bethany served as a strategic location for Jesus. It allowed Him to engage with the events in Jerusalem while having a place to retreat. This closeness also highlights the tension and danger Jesus faced, as Jerusalem was the center of opposition to His ministry. The nearness underscores the immediacy of the events leading to His crucifixion.

a little less than two miles away
The specific mention of the distance, approximately two miles, emphasizes the accessibility of Bethany from Jerusalem. This short distance would have made it easy for news to travel quickly between the two locations, as seen in the account of Lazarus's death and Jesus' subsequent arrival. The measurement also reflects the Jewish custom of a Sabbath day's journey, which was about 2,000 cubits or roughly this distance, indicating that Bethany was within a permissible travel range on the Sabbath. This detail underscores the practical and cultural considerations of the time.

and many of the Jews had come to Martha and Mary
This phrase indicates the presence of a significant number of Jewish people who came to offer support. In Jewish culture, mourning was a communal activity, and it was customary for friends and family to visit the bereaved to offer comfort. This reflects the close-knit nature of Jewish society at the time. The mention of "many of the Jews" suggests that Martha and Mary were well-known and respected within their community, possibly indicating their family's prominence or the impact of Lazarus's death. This gathering also sets the stage for the miracle of Lazarus's resurrection, as it ensures that there are many witnesses to the event, which would later spread the news of Jesus's power.

to console them
Consolation was an important aspect of Jewish mourning practices. The presence of others provided emotional support and helped the bereaved process their grief. This act of consolation is consistent with the Jewish practice of "sitting shiva," a period of seven days of mourning where friends and family visit the home of the deceased to offer comfort. The act of consoling also reflects the compassion and empathy expected within the community, aligning with biblical teachings on loving one's neighbor and bearing one another's burdens (Galatians 6:2).

in the loss of their brother
The loss of Lazarus is central to this narrative, as it sets the stage for one of Jesus's most significant miracles. The death of a sibling would have been a profound loss, especially in a society where family ties were paramount. This phrase highlights the personal and emotional impact of death, which is a universal human experience. Theologically, Lazarus's death and subsequent resurrection serve as a foreshadowing of Jesus's own death and resurrection, illustrating His power over life and death and affirming His identity as the Son of God. This event also fulfills Jesus's earlier statement that the illness would not end in death but would glorify God (John 11:4).

So when Martha heard that Jesus was coming
Martha's immediate response upon hearing of Jesus' approach reflects her proactive nature, as seen in other Gospel accounts (Luke 10:38-42). Her eagerness to meet Jesus demonstrates her faith and hope in His power, even in the face of her brother Lazarus's death. This action can be seen as a reflection of the Jewish custom of going out to meet a respected teacher or rabbi. The anticipation of Jesus' arrival also highlights the close relationship between Jesus and the family of Martha, Mary, and Lazarus, who lived in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem (John 11:1).

she went out to meet Him
Martha's decision to go out to meet Jesus signifies her active faith and willingness to seek Him in times of distress. This act of going out can be seen as a metaphor for seeking divine intervention and comfort. It also reflects the cultural practice of showing hospitality and respect by meeting guests before they reach one's home. Martha's actions contrast with those of her sister Mary, indicating different ways of expressing faith and grief.

but Mary stayed at home
Mary's choice to remain at home may indicate a different expression of grief or a contemplative nature, as seen in her previous interactions with Jesus (Luke 10:39). This contrast between Martha and Mary highlights the individuality in their responses to Jesus' presence and the situation at hand. It also sets the stage for Mary's later encounter with Jesus, where she expresses her sorrow and faith in a more emotional manner (John 11:32). The cultural context of mourning, where family members would stay at home to receive comforters, may also explain Mary's initial decision to stay.

Martha said to Jesus
Martha, the sister of Mary and Lazarus, is often depicted in the Gospels as a practical and outspoken woman. Her approach to Jesus here reflects her direct and candid nature. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, women were typically not in positions to speak so directly to men, especially a rabbi, indicating the close relationship and respect Jesus had with this family. This interaction takes place in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which was a frequent stop for Jesus and His disciples.

Lord
By addressing Jesus as "Lord," Martha acknowledges His authority and divinity. This title is significant as it reflects her faith in Jesus' power and position, even amidst her grief. The term "Lord" is used throughout the New Testament to denote respect and recognition of Jesus' divine nature, aligning with Old Testament references to God as Lord.

if You had been here
Martha's statement reveals her belief in Jesus' ability to heal the sick, a belief grounded in the many miracles He performed throughout His ministry. This phrase also reflects a common human tendency to question and express regret in times of loss. It highlights the tension between faith and understanding God's timing and purposes.

my brother would not have died
This part of the statement underscores Martha's faith in Jesus' healing power, yet it also reveals her limited understanding of His authority over life and death. Lazarus' death sets the stage for one of Jesus' most profound miracles, foreshadowing His own resurrection. This event is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, demonstrating Jesus' power over death and His identity as the resurrection and the life, as He later declares in John 11:25.

But even now
This phrase reflects Martha's faith and hope despite the death of her brother Lazarus. It indicates a belief in Jesus' power and authority, even in seemingly hopeless situations. This moment occurs after Lazarus has been dead for four days, emphasizing the depth of Martha's faith. The "even now" suggests a belief in Jesus' ability to intervene beyond natural limitations, echoing themes of resurrection and life that are central to the Gospel of John.

I know
Martha's statement of knowledge signifies a deep personal conviction and trust in Jesus. This is not mere belief but a confident assurance based on her experiences with Jesus. Her use of "I know" parallels other affirmations of faith in the Bible, such as Peter's confession in Matthew 16:16, where he declares Jesus as the Messiah. It underscores the importance of personal faith and understanding in the Christian walk.

that God will give You
This phrase highlights the unique relationship between Jesus and God the Father. It reflects the theological concept of Jesus' divinity and His role as the mediator between God and humanity. The Gospel of John frequently emphasizes Jesus' divine authority and His unity with the Father, as seen in John 10:30, "I and the Father are one." Martha's statement acknowledges Jesus' special standing before God.

whatever You ask of Him.
Martha's confidence in Jesus' ability to ask and receive from God underscores His role as an intercessor. This reflects the broader biblical theme of Jesus as the High Priest, who intercedes on behalf of humanity (Hebrews 7:25). It also points to the power of prayer and the assurance that God hears and responds to the requests made in alignment with His will. This phrase connects to Jesus' teachings on prayer, such as in John 14:13-14, where He promises that whatever is asked in His name will be done.

Your brother will rise again
This phrase is spoken by Jesus to Martha concerning her brother Lazarus, who had died. The promise of resurrection is central to Christian belief, rooted in the Old Testament prophecies such as Daniel 12:2, which speaks of many who sleep in the dust of the earth awakening. The assurance of resurrection is a recurring theme in Jesus' teachings, as seen in John 5:28-29, where He speaks of a time when all who are in their graves will hear His voice and come out. This statement also foreshadows the immediate miracle Jesus is about to perform, raising Lazarus from the dead, which serves as a powerful sign of His authority over life and death.

Jesus told her
The personal nature of Jesus' interaction with Martha highlights His compassion and understanding. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, women were often marginalized, yet Jesus frequently engaged with them directly and meaningfully, as seen in His interactions with the Samaritan woman at the well (John 4) and Mary Magdalene after His resurrection (John 20:11-18). This reflects the inclusive nature of Jesus' ministry and His breaking of social norms. Jesus' words to Martha are not only a comfort but also a profound theological statement, revealing His identity as the source of life and resurrection, which He later explicitly states in John 11:25-26.

Martha replied
Martha, the sister of Lazarus, is a key figure in this narrative. Her response to Jesus reflects her faith and understanding of Jewish teachings. In the cultural context, women were often seen as secondary in religious matters, yet Martha's engagement with Jesus shows her active role in theological discourse. Her reply indicates a personal relationship with Jesus and a deep trust in His words.

I know
This phrase indicates certainty and confidence in Martha's belief. It reflects a strong faith in the teachings she has received, likely from Jesus Himself or from the Jewish tradition. Her knowledge is not speculative but assured, showing her deep conviction in the promises of God.

that he will rise again
Martha expresses her belief in the resurrection, a doctrine that was held by the Pharisees and many Jews of the time, though not by the Sadducees. This belief in the resurrection of the dead is rooted in Old Testament scriptures such as Daniel 12:2 and Isaiah 26:19. Martha's statement shows her alignment with this hope and expectation.

in the resurrection
The concept of resurrection is central to Jewish eschatology and is further developed in Christian theology. It signifies the hope of life after death and the restoration of God's people. This belief is foundational to the Christian faith, as seen in 1 Corinthians 15, where Paul discusses the resurrection of the dead as a core tenet.

at the last day
The "last day" refers to the eschatological future, a time when God will bring history to its culmination. This phrase is connected to the prophetic visions of the end times found in the Old Testament, such as in the book of Daniel, and is echoed in the New Testament, particularly in the teachings of Jesus about the end of the age. It signifies the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises and the final judgment.

Jesus said to her
This statement is directed to Martha, the sister of Lazarus, in the context of Lazarus's death. Jesus's conversation with Martha occurs in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem. This setting is significant as it is close to the site of Jesus's own death and resurrection. The personal nature of Jesus's address highlights His relational approach to ministry and His deep compassion for individuals.

I am the resurrection and the life.
This declaration is one of the seven "I am" statements in the Gospel of John, which connect Jesus to the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14. By claiming to be the resurrection and the life, Jesus asserts His authority over life and death, a central theme in Christian theology. This statement foreshadows His own resurrection and underscores His role as the source of both physical and spiritual life. It also fulfills Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah bringing life, such as Isaiah 25:8 and Daniel 12:2.

Whoever believes in Me
The emphasis on belief is a recurring theme in John's Gospel, where faith in Jesus is presented as the means to eternal life. This phrase underscores the personal decision required to accept Jesus's offer of salvation. It connects to John 3:16, which emphasizes belief in Jesus as the pathway to eternal life, and highlights the inclusive nature of the Gospel message, available to all who believe.

will live, even though he dies.
This promise of life beyond physical death is central to Christian hope. It reflects the belief in the resurrection of the dead and eternal life, as articulated in 1 Corinthians 15:20-22. The assurance of life after death provides comfort and hope to believers, affirming that physical death is not the end but a transition to eternal life with God. This concept is rooted in Jewish eschatological expectations and is fulfilled in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

And everyone who lives and believes in Me
This phrase emphasizes the universality of Jesus' promise, extending it to "everyone" who meets the conditions of living and believing in Him. The concept of "living" here can be understood both physically and spiritually, indicating a life that is actively engaged in faith. Belief in Jesus is central to the Christian faith, as seen in John 3:16, where eternal life is promised to those who believe. The idea of belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves trust and reliance on Jesus as the Messiah. This reflects the broader biblical theme of faith as a relationship with God, as seen in the lives of Old Testament figures like Abraham, who "believed the LORD, and He credited it to him as righteousness" (Genesis 15:6).

will never die.
This promise of never dying is a profound statement about eternal life. While physical death is a reality for all, Jesus speaks of a spiritual life that transcends physical death. This aligns with the Christian doctrine of the resurrection, where believers are promised a future resurrection and eternal life with God. The concept of eternal life is a recurring theme in John's Gospel, emphasizing the quality and permanence of life in Christ. In John 5:24, Jesus states, "Whoever hears My word and believes Him who sent Me has eternal life and will not be judged but has crossed over from death to life." This assurance of eternal life is a cornerstone of Christian hope and is rooted in the resurrection of Jesus, which is the firstfruits of the resurrection to come (1 Corinthians 15:20-22).

Do you believe this?”
This question is directed at Martha, but it also serves as a challenge to all readers of the Gospel. It calls for a personal response to Jesus' claim and promise. The question is not just about intellectual agreement but about a deep, personal trust in Jesus as the source of eternal life. This moment is pivotal in the narrative, as it invites Martha—and by extension, all believers—to affirm their faith in Jesus' power over life and death. The question echoes throughout the Gospel of John, which is written with the purpose "that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in His name" (John 20:31). This call to belief is central to the Christian message and invites a response of faith that leads to eternal life.

“Yes, Lord,” she answered
This phrase reflects Martha's acknowledgment of Jesus' authority and divinity. The term "Lord" is significant, as it denotes respect and recognition of Jesus' higher status. In the cultural context of the time, addressing someone as "Lord" was a sign of submission and reverence. Martha's response indicates her faith and trust in Jesus, despite the grief she is experiencing over her brother Lazarus's death. This moment is set in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which was a place Jesus frequented and where He had close relationships with Martha, Mary, and Lazarus.

“I believe that You are the Christ”
Martha's declaration of belief is profound, as "the Christ" refers to the Messiah, the anointed one promised in the Hebrew Scriptures. This confession aligns with Peter's declaration in Matthew 16:16, where he also identifies Jesus as the Christ. The term "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew "Messiah," and it signifies the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the one who would deliver Israel and establish God's kingdom. Martha's faith is a testament to her understanding of Jesus' mission and identity, even before His crucifixion and resurrection.

“the Son of God”
By calling Jesus "the Son of God," Martha acknowledges His divine nature and unique relationship with God the Father. This title is significant in the Gospel of John, which emphasizes Jesus' divinity and His role as the revealer of God. The concept of the Son of God is rooted in Old Testament passages like Psalm 2:7, which speaks of the Messiah as God's Son. This title also connects to the broader theme in John's Gospel of Jesus as the Word made flesh (John 1:14), who reveals the Father to humanity.

“who was to come into the world.”
This phrase reflects the Jewish expectation of a coming Messiah who would enter the world to bring salvation and restoration. It echoes prophecies such as those found in Isaiah 9:6-7 and Micah 5:2, which speak of a ruler from the line of David who would establish God's kingdom. The idea of "coming into the world" also highlights the incarnation, the belief that Jesus, as the pre-existent Word, entered human history to fulfill God's redemptive plan. Martha's statement shows her recognition of Jesus as the fulfillment of these messianic prophecies and her hope in His mission.

After Martha had said this
Martha had just expressed her faith in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God. This declaration is significant as it mirrors Peter's confession in Matthew 16:16. Her faith is a testament to her understanding of Jesus' divine nature, despite the grief of her brother Lazarus's death.

she went back and called her sister Mary aside
Martha's action of calling Mary aside indicates a private and intimate communication. In the cultural context, women often shared close bonds, and Martha's desire to involve Mary highlights the importance of Jesus' presence. This also reflects the close-knit family structure prevalent in Jewish society.

to tell her, “The Teacher is here
Referring to Jesus as "The Teacher" underscores His role as a rabbi and spiritual leader. In Jewish tradition, rabbis were highly respected and their teachings were authoritative. This title emphasizes Jesus' authority and the respect He commanded among His followers.

and is asking for you.”
Jesus' personal request for Mary shows His compassion and personal care for individuals. It reflects His understanding of human emotions and His desire to comfort those who mourn. This personal attention is consistent with His character throughout the Gospels, where He often seeks out individuals in need.

And when Mary heard this
Mary, the sister of Martha and Lazarus, is a key figure in this narrative. Her response is immediate upon hearing the news. This phrase indicates her attentiveness and readiness to act. In the context of the Gospel of John, Mary is portrayed as a devoted follower of Jesus, previously seen sitting at His feet (Luke 10:39). Her actions here reflect her deep faith and connection to Jesus. The message she hears is from Martha, who has just spoken with Jesus, indicating the close communication and trust between the sisters.

she got up quickly
Mary's swift action underscores the urgency and importance of the situation. The Greek word used here implies a sense of immediacy and determination. This reflects the cultural context where family and community ties were strong, and responding promptly to a significant event was expected. Her quick response also highlights her eagerness to be in the presence of Jesus, whom she trusts deeply, especially in a time of grief over her brother Lazarus's death.

and went to Him
Mary's movement towards Jesus signifies her faith and reliance on Him during a time of mourning. Geographically, this takes place in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which is significant as it sets the stage for the miracle of raising Lazarus from the dead. This act of going to Jesus is symbolic of seeking divine intervention and comfort. It also connects to other scriptural instances where individuals seek Jesus for healing and guidance, such as the woman with the issue of blood (Mark 5:25-34). Mary's action is a type of the believer's journey towards Christ, seeking His presence and power in times of need.

Now Jesus had not yet entered the village
This phrase indicates a moment of anticipation and preparation. Jesus is on the outskirts of Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which is significant as it is the setting for the miracle of raising Lazarus from the dead. The delay in entering the village highlights Jesus' intentional timing, which is a recurring theme in His ministry, as seen in John 2:4 and John 7:6. The village of Bethany is also significant as it is the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus, who are close friends of Jesus, emphasizing the personal nature of this miracle.

but was still at the place
This suggests a deliberate pause by Jesus, which can be seen as a moment of reflection or prayer. It underscores His divine foreknowledge and control over the situation. This pause can be compared to other moments in Jesus' ministry where He takes time to pray or prepare before significant events, such as in Luke 6:12 before choosing the twelve apostles.

where Martha had met Him
Martha's meeting with Jesus earlier in the chapter (John 11:20-27) is a profound moment of faith and declaration. Martha expresses her belief in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God, which is a central theme in the Gospel of John. This meeting place becomes a symbolic location of faith and revelation. Martha's interaction with Jesus also reflects the cultural role of women in the New Testament, where they are often portrayed as key witnesses to Jesus' identity and works, as seen with Mary Magdalene in John 20:18.

When the Jews who were in the house consoling Mary
In Jewish culture, mourning was a communal activity, often involving friends and family who would come to offer comfort. The presence of "the Jews" indicates a group of people, likely from Jerusalem, who were there to support Mary and Martha after the death of their brother Lazarus. This reflects the Jewish customs of mourning, which included sitting shiva, a seven-day period of mourning where friends and family gather to console the bereaved. The presence of these Jews also highlights the close-knit community and the importance of communal support in times of grief.

saw how quickly she got up and went out
Mary's sudden movement would have been noticeable to those present, indicating urgency or a strong emotional response. In the context of mourning, any abrupt action could signify a change in the mourner's emotional state or a need to perform a specific ritual. This quick departure suggests that Mary was deeply moved, possibly by the news of Jesus' arrival, which she had just received from her sister Martha.

they followed her
The act of following Mary shows the concern and attentiveness of the mourners. It was customary for mourners to accompany each other, especially when visiting the grave, as a sign of solidarity and support. This also demonstrates the communal nature of Jewish mourning practices, where the community actively participates in the grieving process.

supposing she was going to the tomb to mourn there
It was common for mourners to visit the tomb of the deceased, especially during the initial days of mourning. The assumption that Mary was going to the tomb reflects the cultural practice of expressing grief at the burial site. This act of mourning at the tomb was a way to honor the deceased and express continued love and remembrance. The mourners' assumption also indicates their lack of awareness of Jesus' presence and the impending miracle, highlighting the theme of misunderstanding and revelation that runs throughout the Gospel of John.

When Mary came to Jesus and saw Him
Mary, the sister of Martha and Lazarus, approaches Jesus with a deep sense of grief and urgency. This moment occurs after Jesus arrives in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, following the death of Lazarus. The act of coming to Jesus signifies her faith and recognition of His authority. In the cultural context, women often played significant roles in mourning, and Mary's approach to Jesus highlights her personal relationship with Him. This scene is reminiscent of other biblical instances where individuals seek Jesus for healing and comfort, such as the woman with the issue of blood (Mark 5:25-34).

she fell at His feet
Falling at Jesus' feet is an act of worship, submission, and desperation. In Jewish culture, bowing or falling at someone's feet was a sign of respect and acknowledgment of authority. This gesture indicates Mary's belief in Jesus' power and her deep sorrow. It parallels other instances in the Gospels where individuals fall at Jesus' feet, such as the leper in Matthew 8:2, demonstrating faith and reverence.

and said, “Lord, if You had been here, my brother would not have died.”
Mary's statement reflects both faith and a hint of reproach. She acknowledges Jesus as "Lord," indicating her belief in His divine authority. Her words express a common human struggle with understanding God's timing and presence in suffering. This mirrors Martha's earlier statement in John 11:21, showing a shared belief in Jesus' ability to heal. The phrase also highlights the tension between human expectation and divine purpose, as Jesus had delayed His arrival to demonstrate a greater miracle. This moment foreshadows the resurrection of Lazarus, serving as a type of Christ's own resurrection and the ultimate victory over death.

When Jesus saw her weeping
This phrase highlights Jesus' empathy and compassion. The "her" refers to Mary, the sister of Lazarus, who is mourning her brother's death. Jesus' response to her weeping demonstrates His deep emotional connection to humanity. This moment reflects the fulfillment of Isaiah 53:3, where the Messiah is described as "a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief." It underscores the humanity of Jesus, who, though divine, fully participates in human emotions.

and the Jews who had come with her also weeping
The presence of the Jews indicates the communal nature of mourning in Jewish culture. In first-century Judea, mourning was a public and communal event, often involving professional mourners. This cultural practice is evident in passages like Jeremiah 9:17-18, where wailing women are called upon to lament. The Jews' participation in the mourning process shows the close-knit community and the shared grief over Lazarus's death, emphasizing the impact of his loss.

He was deeply moved in spirit
The phrase "deeply moved" can be translated from the Greek word "embrimaomai," which conveys a sense of strong emotion, often associated with indignation or anger. This suggests that Jesus' reaction was not just sadness but a profound disturbance at the effects of sin and death in the world. This aligns with Romans 8:22, where creation is described as groaning under the weight of sin. Jesus' response here foreshadows His ultimate victory over death through His resurrection.

and troubled
The term "troubled" indicates an inner turmoil or agitation. This reflects Jesus' awareness of the spiritual battle against sin and death. It connects to His later experience in the Garden of Gethsemane, where He is described as being "sorrowful and troubled" (Matthew 26:37-38). This emotional response highlights the cost of redemption and the depth of Jesus' love for humanity, as He prepares to demonstrate His power over death by raising Lazarus and ultimately through His own resurrection.

“Where have you put him?”
This question is asked by Jesus in the context of the death of Lazarus. It reflects Jesus' genuine human concern and empathy, as He seeks to engage with the mourners and understand the situation. The question also demonstrates His willingness to be involved in the lives of those He loves. In biblical context, this moment is significant as it precedes one of Jesus' most profound miracles, the raising of Lazarus from the dead. This question can be seen as a precursor to the revelation of His divine power over life and death. It echoes the human experience of loss and the search for understanding in times of grief.

He asked.
The act of asking shows Jesus' relational nature and His approachability. It highlights His role as a teacher who often used questions to engage with people and lead them to deeper truths. This method is consistent with His teaching style throughout the Gospels, where He often asked questions to provoke thought and reflection. It also underscores His humility, as He does not assume knowledge but seeks to connect with those around Him.

“Come and see, Lord,” they answered.
The response of the people reflects their respect and recognition of Jesus' authority, as they address Him as "Lord." This title acknowledges His position and the faith they have in Him, even in the midst of their sorrow. The invitation to "come and see" is reminiscent of other biblical invitations to witness God's work, such as in Psalm 66:5, "Come and see what God has done." It also foreshadows the invitation to the disciples in John 1:39, where Jesus says, "Come and you will see." This phrase invites Jesus into their grief, showing their openness to His presence and intervention. It sets the stage for the miraculous event that follows, where Jesus will demonstrate His power over death, affirming His identity as the resurrection and the life.

Jesus
The name "Jesus" is the Greek form of the Hebrew name "Yeshua" or "Joshua," meaning "The Lord is salvation." In the context of John 11, Jesus is the central figure, the Messiah, who performs miracles and teaches about the Kingdom of God. This passage occurs during His ministry, shortly before His crucifixion. Jesus is in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, where He has come to raise Lazarus from the dead. This act is a significant demonstration of His divine authority and foreshadows His own resurrection.

wept.
The act of weeping here is significant as it shows Jesus' humanity and His deep compassion. In the cultural context of the time, public mourning was common, and tears were a natural expression of grief. Jesus' weeping demonstrates His empathy and love for Lazarus and his sisters, Mary and Martha. It also reflects His sorrow over the effects of sin and death in the world. This moment connects to other scriptures where Jesus shows compassion, such as in Matthew 9:36, where He is moved with compassion for the crowds. Additionally, it fulfills the prophecy of the Suffering Servant in Isaiah 53:3, who is "a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief." Jesus' tears also serve as a type of His ultimate sacrifice, where He would bear the sins of humanity, showing His deep love and commitment to His mission.

Then the Jews said,
This phrase indicates the presence of Jewish onlookers, likely friends, family, and mourners who had come to comfort Mary and Martha after the death of their brother Lazarus. The term "Jews" in the Gospel of John often refers to the Jewish leaders or people from Jerusalem, highlighting the cultural and religious context of the narrative. This setting underscores the communal nature of mourning in Jewish culture, where public expressions of grief were common.

“See how He loved him!”
This exclamation reflects the observers' recognition of Jesus' deep emotional connection to Lazarus. The use of the word "loved" is significant, as it emphasizes the genuine human emotions of Jesus, who is both fully divine and fully human. This moment foreshadows the ultimate demonstration of love that Jesus will show through His sacrifice on the cross. The love Jesus has for Lazarus is a type of the love He has for all humanity, which is further illustrated in John 3:16. This statement also serves as a testament to Jesus' compassion and empathy, qualities that fulfill the messianic prophecies of a Savior who would be intimately involved with His people.

But some of them asked
This phrase indicates a division among the people present. The "some" refers to the Jews who had come to comfort Mary and Martha. This reflects the common human tendency to question and doubt, especially in the face of suffering and death. It also highlights the presence of skepticism and disbelief among the witnesses of Jesus' miracles.

“Could not this man
The term "this man" refers to Jesus, emphasizing His humanity. Despite His miraculous works, some still viewed Him merely as a man, not fully recognizing His divine nature. This reflects the tension in the Gospel of John between Jesus' human and divine identities.

who opened the eyes of the blind
This refers to the miracle Jesus performed in John 9, where He healed a man born blind. This miracle was significant because it fulfilled messianic prophecies such as Isaiah 35:5, which speaks of the eyes of the blind being opened. It also demonstrated Jesus' authority over physical ailments and His power to bring spiritual enlightenment.

also have kept Lazarus from dying?”
The question implies a belief in Jesus' power to heal but doubts His power over death. It reflects a limited understanding of Jesus' mission and foreshadows the greater miracle of raising Lazarus from the dead. This skepticism is addressed by Jesus in His declaration that He is the "resurrection and the life" (John 11:25), pointing to His ultimate victory over death and His role as the giver of eternal life.

Jesus, once again deeply moved
This phrase indicates Jesus' profound emotional response to the situation. The Greek word used here, "embrimaomai," suggests a deep, almost indignant emotion. This reflects Jesus' compassion and empathy for human suffering and the effects of sin and death. It also shows His divine nature, as He is moved by the pain of those He loves, paralleling His earlier weeping in John 11:35. This emotional response can be seen as a fulfillment of Isaiah 53:3, where the Messiah is described as "a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief."

came to the tomb
The tomb was a common burial place in first-century Judea, often carved out of rock. This setting is significant as it foreshadows Jesus' own burial and resurrection. The act of coming to the tomb demonstrates Jesus' willingness to confront death directly, a precursor to His ultimate victory over it. This moment is a pivotal point in the narrative, setting the stage for the miracle of raising Lazarus, which serves as a sign of Jesus' power over death and a foretaste of His own resurrection.

It was a cave
Caves were frequently used as tombs in ancient Israel due to the rocky terrain. This detail aligns with archaeological findings in the region, where many such burial sites have been discovered. The use of a cave as a tomb is also reminiscent of the burial of the patriarchs, such as Abraham, who was buried in the cave of Machpelah (Genesis 23:19). This connection underscores the continuity of God's plan throughout biblical history.

with a stone laid across the entrance
The stone signifies the finality and permanence of death, as it was used to seal the tomb and prevent tampering or the spread of decay. This imagery is later mirrored in the account of Jesus' own burial, where a stone is rolled away to reveal the empty tomb (Matthew 28:2). The stone also serves as a physical barrier that Jesus will overcome, symbolizing His power to remove the obstacles of sin and death. This act of moving the stone is a powerful testament to His authority and foreshadows the resurrection, where the stone is rolled away, signifying the defeat of death.

“Take away the stone,” Jesus said.
This command by Jesus is significant as it demonstrates His authority over life and death. The stone covering the tomb was a common burial practice in ancient Jewish culture, used to seal the entrance of a cave-like tomb. Jesus' directive to remove the stone is a precursor to the miracle He is about to perform, showing His power over the grave. This act also requires faith from those present, as removing the stone would expose the decaying body. Theologically, this can be seen as a foreshadowing of Jesus' own resurrection, where the stone was also rolled away from His tomb.

“Lord, by now he stinks,” said Martha, the sister of the dead man.
Martha's response highlights the human perspective and the reality of death. Her concern about the odor indicates that Lazarus has been dead long enough for decomposition to begin, which in Jewish belief, signified that the soul had left the body. This detail underscores the hopelessness of the situation from a human standpoint, making the miracle even more profound. Martha's address to Jesus as "Lord" shows her respect and belief in His power, yet her statement reveals a struggle to fully comprehend His ability to overcome death.

“It has already been four days.”
The mention of four days is crucial in understanding the magnitude of the miracle. In Jewish tradition, it was believed that the soul hovered around the body for three days after death, hoping to re-enter it. By the fourth day, the soul was thought to have departed, making resurrection impossible. This timing emphasizes that Lazarus' resurrection is a divine act, beyond any natural explanation. It also serves to strengthen the faith of the witnesses and foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection, which would occur on the third day, defying expectations and affirming His identity as the Son of God.

Jesus replied
This phrase indicates a response from Jesus, suggesting a prior conversation or event. In the context of John 11, Jesus is speaking to Martha after the death of her brother Lazarus. This interaction highlights Jesus' role as a teacher and a revealer of divine truth. His responses often serve to deepen the faith of those around Him and to reveal His divine nature.

Did I not tell you
This phrase points to a previous statement or promise made by Jesus. Earlier in the chapter, Jesus had assured Martha that her brother would rise again (John 11:23). This reflects the consistent theme in the Gospels where Jesus prepares His followers for the miraculous, often challenging them to trust in His words and promises.

that if you believed
Belief is a central theme in the Gospel of John, emphasizing faith as a prerequisite for experiencing the works and presence of God. This statement underscores the importance of faith in Jesus' ministry and the broader biblical narrative. Hebrews 11:6 states that without faith, it is impossible to please God, reinforcing the necessity of belief for divine encounters.

you would see
The concept of seeing in the Bible often goes beyond physical sight to include spiritual understanding and revelation. In this context, Jesus is inviting Martha to witness a divine act that would confirm His identity and power. This aligns with the biblical theme of God revealing Himself to those who trust in Him, as seen in passages like Psalm 34:8, "Taste and see that the Lord is good."

the glory of God?
The glory of God refers to His manifest presence and power. In the context of John 11, this glory is about to be revealed through the resurrection of Lazarus, a sign pointing to Jesus' divine authority over life and death. This event foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a type of the ultimate victory over death. The glory of God is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, seen in the Exodus narrative (Exodus 16:10) and the prophetic visions of God's majesty (Isaiah 6:3).

So they took away the stone.
This phrase refers to the removal of the stone from the entrance of Lazarus's tomb. In Jewish burial customs, bodies were often placed in caves or carved tombs sealed with a large stone. The act of removing the stone signifies an act of faith and obedience to Jesus' command, despite the potential for decay and odor after four days. This moment foreshadows the resurrection of Jesus, where a stone is also rolled away from His tomb. It highlights the power of Jesus over death and the grave, a central theme in the Gospel of John.

Then Jesus lifted His eyes upward
Lifting one's eyes to heaven is a common posture of prayer in Jewish tradition, symbolizing a direct communication with God. This gesture indicates Jesus' intimate relationship with the Father and His reliance on divine authority. It also serves as a public demonstration of His connection to God, reinforcing His identity as the Son of God. This act of looking upward is seen in other biblical instances, such as in Psalm 123:1, where the psalmist lifts their eyes to God in heaven.

and said, “Father, I thank You that You have heard Me.
Jesus addresses God as "Father," emphasizing the personal and familial relationship between them. This term reflects the unique sonship of Jesus and His role in the divine plan. The expression of gratitude before the miracle occurs demonstrates Jesus' confidence in the Father's will and power. It also serves as a model of faith and thanksgiving for believers, showing that prayer is not just about requests but also about acknowledging God's faithfulness. This moment connects to other instances where Jesus thanks God, such as in the feeding of the 5,000 (John 6:11), illustrating a consistent pattern of gratitude in His ministry.

I knew that You always hear Me
This phrase highlights the intimate and unbroken communion between Jesus and the Father. It reflects Jesus' divine nature and His unique relationship with God, emphasizing His role as the Son of God. This assurance of being heard by the Father is consistent with other instances in the Gospels where Jesus prays, such as in John 17. The confidence in being heard also underscores the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah's close relationship with God, as seen in passages like Isaiah 42:1.

but I say this for the benefit of the people standing here
Here, Jesus articulates His purpose in speaking aloud. His prayer is not for His own benefit but for those witnessing the event. This reflects Jesus' teaching method, often using situations to instruct and reveal truths to His followers. The context of this statement is the raising of Lazarus, a pivotal miracle that serves as a sign pointing to Jesus' divine authority and power over life and death. It also demonstrates Jesus' compassion and desire for others to come to faith.

so they may believe that You sent Me.
The ultimate goal of Jesus' public prayer is to lead the onlookers to faith. This statement ties into the broader theme of the Gospel of John, which is to reveal Jesus as the sent one from God, the Messiah, and the Son of God (John 20:31). The miracle of raising Lazarus is a testament to Jesus' divine mission and authority, fulfilling the messianic expectations found in the Hebrew Scriptures. This phrase also connects to the broader narrative of Jesus' ministry, where belief in Him as the one sent by the Father is central to the message of salvation.

After Jesus had said this
This phrase refers to the preceding verses where Jesus speaks to Martha about the resurrection and life, affirming His identity as the Son of God. This moment is set in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, which is significant as it is close to the religious epicenter of Judaism. The context is a demonstration of Jesus' power over death, foreshadowing His own resurrection. This event is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, showcasing Jesus' divine authority.

He called out in a loud voice
The loud voice signifies authority and command, reminiscent of God's creative power in Genesis where He speaks creation into existence. This act is public, ensuring that witnesses can attest to the miracle. The loud voice also contrasts with the typical quietness associated with death, emphasizing the life-giving power of Jesus' words. This moment is a direct challenge to the finality of death, a theme prevalent throughout the Bible.

“Lazarus, come out!”
The specific calling of Lazarus by name underscores the personal nature of Jesus' miracles and His intimate knowledge of individuals. This command is a direct act of resurrection, prefiguring the final resurrection at the end of times as described in 1 Thessalonians 4:16. Lazarus' emergence from the tomb is a type of Christ's own resurrection, illustrating Jesus as the source of life and victory over death. This miracle serves as a sign pointing to Jesus' divine mission and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah's power over life and death.

The man who had been dead came out
This phrase highlights the miraculous nature of Lazarus's resurrection. Lazarus had been dead for four days (John 11:39), emphasizing the power of Jesus over death. This event foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a sign of His divine authority. The resurrection of Lazarus is a pivotal moment in the Gospel of John, demonstrating Jesus as the "resurrection and the life" (John 11:25).

with his hands and feet bound in strips of linen
The burial customs of the time involved wrapping the deceased in linen strips, a practice common in Jewish culture. This detail underscores the authenticity of Lazarus's death and subsequent resurrection. The binding of hands and feet symbolizes the constraints of death, which Jesus overcomes, pointing to the liberation from sin and death that He offers.

and his face wrapped in a cloth
The face cloth, or "sudarium," was a separate piece used in Jewish burial practices. This detail is significant as it parallels the description of Jesus' own burial and resurrection (John 20:7), where the face cloth is found separate from the linen wrappings. It emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of Jesus' miracles and His attention to detail.

“Unwrap him and let him go,” Jesus told them
Jesus' command to "unwrap him and let him go" signifies the complete restoration of life to Lazarus. It also symbolizes spiritual liberation, as Jesus frees individuals from the bondage of sin. This command reflects the authority of Jesus' word, which brings life and freedom. It also involves the community in the miracle, as they participate in the act of unbinding, illustrating the role of believers in supporting one another in spiritual growth and freedom.

Therefore many of the Jews who had come to Mary
This phrase indicates a specific group of people, the Jews, who were present with Mary. The context is the aftermath of the raising of Lazarus, which took place in Bethany, a village near Jerusalem. The Jews mentioned here were likely friends, family, or mourners who had come to console Mary and Martha after the death of their brother Lazarus. This reflects the Jewish custom of mourning, where community members would gather to offer support. The presence of many Jews also highlights the significance of the miracle, as it was witnessed by a substantial number of people.

and had seen what Jesus did
This refers to the miraculous act of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead, which is one of the most significant miracles recorded in the Gospels. The act of raising someone from the dead is a powerful demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and power over life and death. This miracle serves as a sign pointing to Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the coming of one who would have power over death (Isaiah 25:8). It also prefigures Jesus' own resurrection, emphasizing His role as the resurrection and the life (John 11:25).

believed in Him
The result of witnessing the miracle was that many of the Jews believed in Jesus. This belief is not merely intellectual assent but a trust and faith in Jesus as the Messiah. The Gospel of John frequently emphasizes belief as a response to Jesus' signs and teachings (John 20:31). This belief is transformative, leading to eternal life and a relationship with God. The phrase underscores the purpose of Jesus' miracles: to reveal His identity and to lead people to faith. The response of belief contrasts with the opposition Jesus faced from some religious leaders, highlighting the division His ministry caused among the people.

But some of them
This phrase refers to a subset of the people who witnessed the miraculous event of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead. The crowd present included Jews who had come to comfort Mary and Martha. The division among the witnesses highlights the varied responses to Jesus' miracles, a recurring theme in the Gospels. This division is reminiscent of the parable of the sower, where the seed (the word of God) falls on different types of soil, representing different responses to Jesus' message.

went to the Pharisees
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judea known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. They held significant influence over the Jewish people and were often in opposition to Jesus due to His teachings and actions, which they perceived as threats to their authority and interpretations of the Law. The act of going to the Pharisees indicates a deliberate choice to report Jesus' actions to those who were already hostile towards Him, suggesting a motive of opposition or concern over the implications of His miracles.

and told them what Jesus had done
The miracle of raising Lazarus was a significant demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and power over life and death, which was a direct challenge to the religious leaders' understanding of God and the Messiah. By informing the Pharisees, the witnesses were escalating the situation, leading to increased tension and plotting against Jesus. This act of reporting can be seen as fulfilling the prophecy of the suffering servant, as it sets in motion the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion. The miracle itself is a type of Christ's own resurrection, foreshadowing His victory over death and His role as the resurrection and the life.

Then the chief priests and Pharisees convened the Sanhedrin
The chief priests and Pharisees were two influential groups within Jewish society. The chief priests were primarily Sadducees, who held significant power in the temple and were known for their aristocratic status and collaboration with Roman authorities. The Pharisees, on the other hand, were a religious group focused on strict adherence to the Law and traditions. The Sanhedrin was the highest Jewish council and court, consisting of 71 members, including the high priest. It held authority over religious and some civil matters. This convening indicates the gravity of the situation, as the Sanhedrin was called to address issues of great importance.

and said, “What are we to do?
This question reflects the leaders' concern and confusion over how to handle the growing influence of Jesus. Their question is not just about logistics but also about maintaining their authority and control over the people. The leaders were aware that Jesus' actions and teachings were challenging their power and the status quo. This moment is pivotal as it shows their internal struggle and foreshadows their eventual decision to plot against Jesus.

This man is performing many signs.
The "signs" refer to the miracles Jesus performed, which were seen as evidence of divine authority. In the Gospel of John, signs are significant as they reveal Jesus' identity and mission. The leaders' acknowledgment of these signs indicates that they could not deny the miraculous nature of Jesus' works. However, instead of leading to faith, these signs led to fear and opposition among the religious leaders. This phrase highlights the tension between the undeniable evidence of Jesus' divine power and the leaders' refusal to accept Him as the Messiah.

If we let Him go on like this
The religious leaders are expressing concern over Jesus' growing influence. This phrase highlights their fear of losing control and authority. The miracles and teachings of Jesus were drawing large crowds, which threatened the established religious order. The leaders were worried that Jesus' popularity would undermine their power and influence over the people.

everyone will believe in Him
The leaders acknowledge the compelling nature of Jesus' works and words. This phrase indicates their awareness of the potential for widespread belief in Jesus as the Messiah. It reflects their fear that Jesus' message could lead to a mass movement that would challenge their authority. The leaders' concern was not just theological but also political, as they feared the implications of a large following.

and then the Romans will come
The Roman Empire had control over Judea, and the Jewish leaders were concerned about maintaining peace and order to avoid Roman intervention. This phrase reflects their fear that a messianic movement could be seen as a rebellion against Roman rule, prompting a military response. The leaders were trying to prevent any action that might provoke the Romans and lead to the loss of their limited autonomy.

and take away both our place
The "place" likely refers to the Temple, which was the center of Jewish religious life and a symbol of national identity. The leaders feared that Roman intervention could lead to the destruction of the Temple, as had happened in the past. The Temple was not only a religious center but also a source of power and prestige for the Jewish leaders, making its preservation crucial to them.

and our nation.
The leaders were concerned about the survival of the Jewish nation under Roman rule. They feared that any unrest could lead to severe repercussions, including the loss of their national identity and autonomy. This phrase underscores the political and nationalistic concerns of the leaders, who were trying to balance their religious authority with the practical realities of Roman occupation. Their fear was ultimately realized in 70 AD when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple, fulfilling Jesus' prophecy in Matthew 24:2.

But one of them, named Caiaphas
Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest from AD 18 to 36, appointed by the Roman authorities. His role was significant in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. As high priest, Caiaphas held considerable religious and political influence. His mention here sets the stage for his pivotal role in the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion. Caiaphas was a Sadducee, a sect known for its collaboration with Roman authorities and denial of the resurrection, which contrasts with the Pharisees' beliefs.

who was high priest that year
The phrase "that year" emphasizes the specific time of Jesus' ministry and crucifixion, highlighting the providential timing of events. The high priesthood was a lifetime position, but during Roman rule, high priests were often replaced for political reasons. Caiaphas' tenure during this critical period underscores his involvement in the trial and condemnation of Jesus, fulfilling the divine plan for salvation.

said to them
Caiaphas addresses the Sanhedrin, the Jewish council responsible for religious and legal matters. His authority as high priest gives weight to his words, influencing the council's decision-making. This moment reflects the tension between maintaining Jewish law and appeasing Roman rule, as the council grapples with Jesus' growing influence.

“You know nothing at all!
Caiaphas' rebuke indicates frustration with the council's indecision regarding Jesus. His statement suggests a lack of understanding or insight among the members, emphasizing his own perceived wisdom and authority. This phrase foreshadows his proposal to sacrifice Jesus for the perceived greater good, unwittingly aligning with God's redemptive plan. Caiaphas' words echo the prophetic nature of his role, as he unknowingly speaks of Jesus' sacrificial death for the nation and beyond.

You do not realize
This phrase is spoken by Caiaphas, the high priest, during a meeting of the Sanhedrin. It indicates a lack of understanding among the Jewish leaders regarding the implications of Jesus' ministry. The high priest's role was to mediate between God and the people, yet here Caiaphas is unaware of the divine plan unfolding through Jesus. This reflects the spiritual blindness often mentioned in the Gospels (e.g., John 9:39-41).

that it is better for you
Caiaphas argues from a pragmatic standpoint, suggesting a utilitarian approach to the situation. This reflects the political tension of the time, as the Jewish leaders were concerned about maintaining their power and avoiding Roman intervention. The phrase underscores the leaders' focus on self-preservation rather than spiritual truth.

that one man die for the people
This statement is prophetic, albeit unintentionally. Caiaphas speaks of Jesus' death as a means to prevent Roman crackdown on the Jewish nation. However, from a theological perspective, it foreshadows the sacrificial nature of Jesus' death, aligning with Old Testament prophecies such as Isaiah 53, which speaks of a suffering servant who bears the sins of many.

than that the whole nation perish
Caiaphas expresses concern for the survival of the Jewish nation under Roman rule. Historically, the Jewish leaders feared that Jesus' growing influence could lead to a revolt, prompting Roman retaliation. Ironically, Jesus' death and resurrection would offer spiritual salvation to all, fulfilling God's promise to Abraham that through his offspring all nations would be blessed (Genesis 22:18). This phrase also highlights the tension between earthly kingdoms and the Kingdom of God, a recurring theme in Jesus' teachings.

Caiaphas did not say this on his own.
Caiaphas, the high priest, was a significant religious leader in Jerusalem. His statement was not merely a personal opinion but was influenced by divine intervention. This reflects the biblical theme that God can use even those who do not believe in Him to fulfill His purposes, as seen in examples like Balaam in Numbers 22-24. Caiaphas's words were part of a larger divine plan, demonstrating God's sovereignty over human affairs.

Instead, as high priest that year,
The role of the high priest was central in Jewish religious life, serving as a mediator between God and the people. Caiaphas held this position during a critical time in Jewish history, around AD 18-36. The high priesthood was a position of both religious and political power, often appointed by Roman authorities, which added complexity to Caiaphas's role. His position gave his words weight and authority, even as God used his office to deliver a prophecy.

he was prophesying that Jesus would die for the nation,
Caiaphas's statement unwittingly pointed to the sacrificial death of Jesus, which was central to God's redemptive plan. This prophecy aligns with Old Testament predictions of a suffering Messiah, such as Isaiah 53, which speaks of one who would bear the sins of many. Jesus's death was not just for the Jewish nation but for all humanity, fulfilling the promise to Abraham that through his offspring all nations would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). This highlights the typology of Jesus as the ultimate Passover Lamb, whose sacrifice brings salvation.

and not only for the nation
This phrase refers to the Jewish nation, Israel. In the context of John 11, Caiaphas, the high priest, prophesies that Jesus would die for the Jewish people. Historically, the Jewish nation was central to God's redemptive plan, as seen in the covenants with Abraham, Moses, and David. The nation of Israel was chosen to be a light to the Gentiles (Isaiah 49:6), and Jesus' mission was initially focused on the lost sheep of Israel (Matthew 15:24).

but also for the scattered children of God
This phrase expands the scope of Jesus' redemptive work beyond Israel to include Gentiles and Jews living outside of Israel. The "scattered children" can be understood as the Diaspora Jews, who lived outside of Palestine due to historical exiles, such as the Babylonian captivity. It also prophetically includes Gentiles who would come to faith in Christ, fulfilling the promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through his seed (Genesis 22:18). This aligns with the New Testament teaching that in Christ, there is neither Jew nor Gentile (Galatians 3:28).

to gather them together into one
This phrase highlights the unifying purpose of Jesus' sacrifice. The gathering of God's children into one body is a central theme in the New Testament, particularly in the writings of Paul, who speaks of the church as the body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:12-13). This unity is both spiritual and eschatological, pointing to the ultimate gathering of believers at the end of the age (Ephesians 1:10). Theologically, it reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the restoration and unity of God's people (Ezekiel 37:21-22).

So from that day on
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the Gospel narrative. The "day" refers to the aftermath of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead, an event that significantly increased His following and influence. This miracle, performed in Bethany near Jerusalem, was a direct challenge to the religious leaders' authority. The phrase indicates a turning point where the religious leaders' opposition to Jesus becomes more resolute and organized. Historically, this reflects the growing tension between Jesus and the Jewish authorities, who felt threatened by His teachings and miracles.

they plotted
The religious leaders, primarily the Pharisees and the chief priests, are the "they" in this context. Their plotting signifies a deliberate and calculated decision to eliminate Jesus. This reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Psalm 2:1-2, which speaks of rulers conspiring against the Lord's Anointed. The plotting also highlights the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart among the leaders, who, despite witnessing Jesus' miracles, chose to reject Him.

to kill Him
The intent to kill Jesus underscores the severity of the threat He posed to the established religious order. This decision to seek His death was not just a political maneuver but also a spiritual battle, as Jesus' mission was to bring salvation and challenge the legalistic and corrupt practices of the time. This phrase connects to the broader biblical narrative of the suffering servant in Isaiah 53, who would be "despised and rejected by men." It also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice Jesus would make on the cross, fulfilling His role as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

As a result, Jesus no longer went about publicly among the Jews
This phrase indicates a turning point in Jesus' ministry. The "result" refers to the growing hostility from the Jewish leaders following the raising of Lazarus, which is detailed earlier in John 11. The Sanhedrin had convened to discuss how to handle Jesus, fearing that His growing influence could lead to Roman intervention (John 11:47-53). This decision to no longer move publicly among the Jews marks a strategic withdrawal to avoid premature arrest and to fulfill His mission according to divine timing. This action reflects Jesus' awareness of the increasing danger and His obedience to the Father's will, aligning with the prophecy of the suffering servant in Isaiah 53.

but He withdrew to a town called Ephraim
Ephraim is identified as a town near the wilderness, providing a place of relative seclusion. This withdrawal is not out of fear but a deliberate choice to continue His ministry without direct confrontation with the authorities until the appointed time. Ephraim's exact location is debated, but it is generally considered to be in the region of Samaria, north of Jerusalem. This move also symbolizes a temporary retreat from the center of Jewish religious life, Jerusalem, allowing Jesus to prepare His disciples for the events to come.

in an area near the wilderness
The wilderness often symbolizes a place of testing, preparation, and divine encounter in biblical narratives. It recalls the Israelites' journey through the wilderness and Jesus' own temptation in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11). This setting provides a backdrop for reflection and teaching, away from the immediate threats posed by the Jewish leaders. The wilderness serves as a place of refuge and spiritual preparation for Jesus and His disciples as they approach the culmination of His earthly ministry.

And He stayed there with the disciples
This phrase emphasizes the importance of Jesus' relationship with His disciples. During this time, Jesus likely continued to teach and prepare them for His impending death and resurrection. The disciples' presence indicates their commitment and the intimate community they shared with Jesus. This period of seclusion would have been crucial for reinforcing their understanding of His mission and the coming of the Holy Spirit, as later expounded in the Upper Room Discourse (John 14-16). This time together underscores the disciples' role as future leaders of the early Church, tasked with spreading the Gospel after Jesus' ascension.

Now the Jewish Passover was near
The Passover is one of the most significant Jewish festivals, commemorating the Israelites' deliverance from Egyptian bondage as described in Exodus 12. It is a time of remembrance and celebration of God's protection and salvation. The timing of this event is crucial, as it sets the stage for the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion, which occurs during Passover. This connection highlights Jesus as the ultimate Passover Lamb, fulfilling the sacrificial system and pointing to His role in God's redemptive plan.

and many people went up from the country to Jerusalem
Jerusalem was the central place of worship for the Jewish people, housing the Temple where sacrifices were made. During Passover, Jews from all over Israel and beyond would travel to Jerusalem to participate in the festival. The phrase "went up" is geographically accurate, as Jerusalem is situated on a hill, and pilgrims would ascend to the city. This pilgrimage underscores the importance of communal worship and the centrality of Jerusalem in Jewish religious life.

to purify themselves before the Passover
Purification was a critical aspect of Jewish law, especially before participating in significant religious festivals like Passover. Ritual purification involved various practices, such as washing and abstaining from certain activities, to ensure ceremonial cleanliness. This practice is rooted in the Mosaic Law, which emphasizes holiness and separation from impurity. The need for purification before Passover highlights the seriousness with which the Jews approached their relationship with God and their desire to be in a state of readiness to commemorate His deliverance. This purification process can also be seen as a type pointing to the ultimate purification from sin that Jesus provides through His sacrifice.

They kept looking for Jesus
The people were actively seeking Jesus, indicating His growing reputation and the anticipation surrounding His actions. This reflects the heightened tension and expectation among the Jewish people during this period. Jesus had performed many miracles, and His teachings had stirred both hope and controversy. The act of looking for Jesus also signifies the spiritual longing and curiosity about His identity and mission.

and asking one another
This phrase highlights the communal nature of the Jewish society, where discussions and debates were common, especially in religious settings. It shows the collective concern and interest in Jesus' movements and intentions. The people were not only curious but also anxious about the implications of His presence or absence.

as they stood in the temple courts
The temple courts were a central place for worship, teaching, and gathering in Jerusalem. This setting underscores the religious and cultural significance of the events unfolding. The temple was the heart of Jewish religious life, and discussions there would have been charged with theological and messianic expectations. The temple courts were also a place where Jesus had previously taught, adding to the anticipation of His return.

“What do you think?
This question reflects the uncertainty and speculation among the people. It invites personal reflection and opinion, showing that Jesus' actions were a matter of public debate. The question also implies a sense of urgency and importance, as the people were eager to understand Jesus' intentions and the potential impact on the Passover feast.

Will He come to the feast at all?”
The feast refers to the Passover, a significant Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt. Attendance at the Passover was expected of Jewish males, and Jesus' potential presence was of great interest. This question highlights the tension between Jesus' mission and the religious authorities' opposition. It also foreshadows the events leading to His crucifixion, as the Passover would become the backdrop for His ultimate sacrifice, fulfilling His role as the Lamb of God.

But the chief priests and Pharisees had given orders
The chief priests and Pharisees were influential religious leaders in Jewish society. The chief priests were primarily Sadducees, who held significant power in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. The Pharisees, although differing in theological beliefs, often collaborated with the Sadducees to maintain religious and social order. Their orders reflect the growing tension and opposition to Jesus' ministry, as His teachings and miracles challenged their authority and interpretation of the Law.

that anyone who knew where He was must report it
This directive indicates the leaders' determination to locate Jesus, who had become a controversial figure due to His growing popularity and claims of divinity. The leaders were concerned about maintaining control and preventing any potential uprising that could attract Roman attention. This order also highlights the fear and urgency among the religious leaders to suppress Jesus' influence, as they saw Him as a threat to their power and the status quo.

so that they could arrest Him
The intent to arrest Jesus underscores the leaders' desire to eliminate what they perceived as a threat to their authority and religious traditions. This action foreshadows the eventual arrest and crucifixion of Jesus, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 53, which speaks of the suffering servant. The arrest was not merely a legal action but a pivotal moment in the divine plan for redemption, as Jesus' death and resurrection would provide salvation for humanity. This phrase also connects to the broader narrative of the Gospels, where Jesus' mission and the opposition He faced are central themes.