Lexical Summary chathath: dismayed, shattered, terrified Original Word: חָתַת Strong's Exhaustive Concordance abolish, affright, be make afraid, amaze, beat down, discourageA primitive root; properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear -- abolish, affright, be (make) afraid, amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down, scare, terrify. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to be shattered or dismayed NASB Translation been shattered (3), break (1), cracked (1), dismay (1), dismayed (26), frighten (1), shatter (1), shattered (9), stood in awe (1), terrified (8), wane (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [חָתַת] verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian —attu, terror, DlHWB 296; Talmud חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic  is scrutari, examinare, see DiLex, 105) — Qal Perfect3masculine singular חַת Jeremiah 50:2; 3feminine singular חַ֫תָּה Jeremiah 14:4 2t., וָחָ֑תָּה Jeremiah 48:1; 3plural חַ֫תּוּ Isaiah 37:27 4t., וְחַתּ֫וּ consecutive Isaiah 20:5 2t., וָחָ֑תּוּ consecutive Jeremiah 50:36; Imperfect (Köi. 366) יֵחַת Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Job 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Isaiah 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Jeremiah 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ 1 Samuel 2:10 3t. — On יֵּחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 see נָחַת; — תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Joshua 10:25 2t., etc.; Imperative וָחֹ֫תּוּ Isaiah 8:9 (3 t. in verse); — 1 be shattered, broken, figurative of nations under divine judgment Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 30:31; so probably also Isaiah 8:9 (3 t. in verse) (but strike out in va), and perhaps (of ׳י's foes in General) 1 Samuel 2:10 (song; — others render dismayed in all except Isaiah 7:8); figurative of ׳יs righteousness Isaiah 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); literally of bows Jeremiah 51:56, according to Gie's reading חַתָּה, see Pi`el 2. be dismayed, usually a. absolute: "" יָרֵא Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 31:8; Joshua 8:1; Joshua 10:25 (all D), 1 Samuel 17:11; Jeremiah 23:4; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27; Ezekiel 2:6; Ezekiel 3:9; 1 Chronicles 22:13; 1 Chronicles 28:20; 2Chronicles 20:15,17; 32:7; "" בּוֺשׁ Isaiah 20:5; Isaiah 37:27 = 2 Kings 19:26; Jeremiah 8:9; Jeremiah 17:18 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 48:1,20,39; Jeremiah 50:2 (twice in verse) (others assign. Jeremiah 48:20,39; Jeremiah 50:2 (twice in verse) to 1); figurative of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Jeremiah 14:4 read probably with Duhm (after ᵐ5) Co Dr חַתּוּ ׳וְעֹבְדֵ; ("" בּוֺשׁ of the husband-men); no "" Jeremiah 50:36; Obadiah 9; Job 39:22. b. be dismayed at, by reason of, followed by מִן Isaiah 31:4,9; Isaiah 51:7 ("" יָרֵא) Jeremiah 1:17; Jeremiah 10:2 (twice in verse). Niph`al Perfect only 3 masculine singular וּמִמְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַת Malachi 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe ("" יָרֵא). Pi`el Perfect dismay, scare, 2 masculine singular suffix וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֹמוֺת (Köi. 372) consecutive Job 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams ("" בִּעֵת); 3 feminine singular חִתְּתָה Jeremiah 51:56 (of bows) is intransitive [inchoate Ew§ 120, 2 d], Gf and others, be shattered, but text probably erroneous. Gie חַתָּה (see Qal 1). Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular הַחִתֹּתָ Isaiah 9:3; 1singular וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Jeremiah 49:37 (Köi. 372); Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְחִתֵּנִי Job 31:34, suffix 3feminine plural יְחִיתַ֑ן Habakkuk 2:17 (Köi. 374; but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Ew Ol Sta We יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1 singular suffix אֲחִתְּךָ Jeremiah 1:17 (followed by לפניהם) — 1 shutter with accusative Isaiah 9:3. 2. a. cause to be dismayed Jeremiah 49:37 followed by לִפְנֵי. b. dismay, terrify, followed by suffix Job 31:34; Habakkuk 2:17. Topical Lexicon Root Idea and Semantic Rangeחָתַת (chathath) conveys the collapse of courage or structure—ranging from internal dismay, terror, or discouragement to outward breaking, shattering, or destruction. The contexts decide whether the verb speaks of an inward emotional state or an outward physical ruin; often the two blend, as fear leads to collapse and collapse breeds fear. Major Theological Themes 1. The Fear of God as Protective When the covenant people walk in obedience, God reverses חָתַת, promising that the enemies, not Israel, will be “dismayed.” 2. The Prohibition of Panic among God’s People A recurrent pastoral charge pairs “do not fear” with “do not be dismayed.” The repeated command links courage directly to divine presence. Courage is not self-generated but covenant-generated. 3. Prophetic Judgments that Shatter the Proud The prophets employ חָתַת to announce that false confidence will crumble. National arrogance, idolatry, and injustice evoke a divine decree of shattering. 4. The End of Idolatry חָתַת also pictures idols smashed to pieces. The verb underscores the impotence of false gods and vindicates exclusive worship of Yahweh. 5. Lament over Personal Ruin Job, the Psalms, and Lamentations use the term for private anguish. These passages validate the believer’s honest confession of collapsed strength while directing hope toward God. Historical Survey of Usage • Conquest Era (Joshua). The command “do not be dismayed” frames the military campaigns, reminding Israel that success depends on divine presence. Practical Ministry Implications 1. Shepherding the Flock Repeated biblical commands against dismay authorize pastors and leaders to confront despair with the character and promises of God. 2. Spiritual Warfare The verb reminds believers that enemies—physical or spiritual—ultimately experience the collapse intended for them, while the church stands firm (Matthew 16:18). 3. Counseling and Lament Scripture’s candid acknowledgment of dismay legitimizes personal lament. It also provides vocabulary for prayer that moves from collapse to confidence (Psalm 102). 4. Preaching Judgment and Hope Prophetic uses warn that sin leads to ruin; yet the same passages often contain a gracious call to repentance and restoration, balancing warning with promise. Christological Perspective At the Cross the Messiah endures cosmic “dismay” on behalf of sinners (Isaiah 53:4-5), yet His resurrection reverses every shattering, securing courage for the church (John 16:33). The final vision of Revelation portrays no more חָתַת, for “the former things have passed away” (Revelation 21:4). Key Verse Index (Representative) Deuteronomy 1:21; 31:8 Joshua 1:9; 2:9-11; 10:25 Job 4:5; 4:15; 32:15 Psalm 48:6; 89:40; 102:23 Isaiah 7:8; 20:5; 30:31 Jeremiah 1:17; 10:2; 46:27 Forms and Transliterations אֲחִתְּךָ֖ אֵחַ֖תָּה אחתה אחתך הַחִתֹּ֖תָ החתת וְהַחְתַּתִּ֣י וְחִתַּתַּ֥נִי וְחַתּ֖וּ וְחַתּ֥וּ וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ וָחָֽתָּה׃ וָחָֽתּוּ׃ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃ והחתתי וחתה׃ וחתו וחתו׃ וחתתני ויחתו חִתְּתָ֖ה חַ֔תָּה חַ֖תָּה חַ֖תּוּ חַ֙תָּה֙ חַ֣ת חַ֭תּוּ חת חתה חתו חתתה יְחִיתַ֑ן יְחִתֵּ֑נִי יֵחַ֛תּוּ יֵחַ֣ת יֵחַ֣תּוּ יֵחַ֥תּוּ יֵחָ֑ת יֵחָ֔ת יחיתן יחת יחתו יחתני נִחַ֥ת נחת תֵּחַ֔תּוּ תֵּחַ֗תּוּ תֵּחַ֙תּוּ֙ תֵּחַ֣ת תֵּחַת֙ תֵּחָ֑ת תֵּחָ֑תּוּ תֵּחָ֔ת תֵּחָֽתּוּ׃ תֵּחָֽת׃ תֵחַ֣ת תֵחָֽת׃ תחת תחת׃ תחתו תחתו׃ ’ă·ḥit·tə·ḵā ’ăḥittəḵā ’ê·ḥat·tāh ’êḥattāh achitteCha chat Chattah Chattu chitteTah eChattah ha·ḥit·tō·ṯā hachitTota haḥittōṯā ḥaṯ ḥat·tāh ḥat·tū ḥattāh ḥattū ḥit·tə·ṯāh ḥittəṯāh ni·ḥaṯ niChat niḥaṯ tê·ḥaṯ tê·ḥāṯ ṯê·ḥaṯ ṯê·ḥāṯ tê·ḥat·tū tê·ḥāt·tū teChat teChattu têḥaṯ têḥāṯ ṯêḥaṯ ṯêḥāṯ têḥattū têḥāttū vaChattah vaChattu vaChottu vaiyeChattu vechatTu vechittatTani vehachtatTi wā·ḥāt·tāh wā·ḥāt·tū wā·ḥōt·tū wāḥāttāh wāḥāttū wāḥōttū way·yê·ḥat·tū wayyêḥattū wə·haḥ·tat·tî wə·ḥat·tū wə·ḥit·tat·ta·nî wəhaḥtattî wəḥattū wəḥittattanî yê·ḥaṯ yê·ḥāṯ yê·ḥat·tū yə·ḥî·ṯan yə·ḥit·tê·nî yeChat yeChattu yechiTan yechitTeni yêḥaṯ yêḥāṯ yêḥattū yəḥîṯan yəḥittênîLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Deuteronomy 1:21 HEB: תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־ תֵּחָֽת׃ NAS: to you. Do not fear or be dismayed.' KJV: unto thee; fear not, neither be discouraged. INT: fear nay neither be discouraged Deuteronomy 31:8 Joshua 1:9 Joshua 8:1 Joshua 10:25 1 Samuel 17:11 2 Kings 19:26 1 Chronicles 22:13 1 Chronicles 28:20 2 Chronicles 20:15 2 Chronicles 20:17 2 Chronicles 32:7 Job 7:14 Job 31:34 Job 32:15 Job 39:22 Isaiah 8:9 Isaiah 8:9 Isaiah 8:9 Isaiah 9:4 Isaiah 20:5 Isaiah 30:31 Isaiah 31:4 Isaiah 31:9 Isaiah 37:27 51 Occurrences |
    |