Strong's Lexicon choshek: Darkness Original Word: חשֶׁךְ Word Origin: Derived from the root חָשַׁךְ (chashak), meaning "to be dark" or "to grow dim." Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G4655 (σκότος, skotos): Often used in the New Testament to denote darkness, both literal and metaphorical. - G4653 (σκοτία, skotia): Another Greek term for darkness, used metaphorically to describe spiritual ignorance or moral depravity. Usage: The Hebrew word "choshek" primarily denotes the absence of light, both in a literal and metaphorical sense. It is used to describe physical darkness, such as the darkness of night or a dark place. Metaphorically, it can represent ignorance, evil, judgment, or the absence of God's presence and favor. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Near Eastern cultures, darkness was often associated with chaos, danger, and evil. The Hebrew Bible reflects this understanding, frequently contrasting darkness with light, which symbolizes order, safety, and divine presence. In the creation narrative, God’s first act is to dispel darkness by creating light (Genesis 1:2-3), symbolizing His power to bring order and life. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom chashak Definition darkness, obscurity NASB Translation dark (5), darkness (73), obscurity (2). Brown-Driver-Briggs ח֫שֶׁךְ noun masculineExodus 10:21 darkness, obscurity — absolute חשֶׁךְ Genesis 1:2 75t. (+ Ezekiel 8:12 strike out Co A B etc.); construct id. Exodus 10:22; suffix חָשְׁכִּי Psalm 18:29 = 2 Samuel 22:29; — 1 darkness (opposed to אוֺר) literal Genesis 1:2,4 (P), Isaiah 45:7; Job 26:10; Ecclesiastes 2:13, compare in imprecation Job 3:4,5 (וצלמות ׳ח) = לילה Genesis 1:5,18 (P), compare Joshua 2:5 (JE), Isaiah 45:19; Job 17:12; Job 24:16; Job 38:19; Psalm 104:20; darkness in mines Job 28:3; of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Exodus 10:21 (twice in verse) (E); אֲֿפֵלָה׳ח Exodus 10:22 (E), Psalm 105:28, from pillar of cloud Exodus 14:20; at Mt. Sinai Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:20; of clouds of theophany 2 Samuel 22:12 = Psalm 18:12; of darkness in death, or She'ô l, 1 Samuel 2:9; Job 10:21 (וצלמות ׳אֶרֶץ ח), Job 17:13; Job 18:18; Psalm 88:13; Proverbs 20:20 (׳אִישׁוֺן ח = extreme of darkness). 2 = secret place(s) Isaiah 45:3; Job 12:22 ("" צלמות); = hiding-place Job 34:22 ("" id.), compare Psalm 139:11; Psalm 139:12; — on Ezekiel 8:12, see above 3 figurative, a. = distress Isaiah 5:30; Isaiah 9:1; Isaiah 29:18 (figurative of blindness), Isaiah 42:7; Isaiah 49:9; Isaiah 58:10; Isaiah 59:9; Isaiah 60:2; Lamentations 3:2; Micah 7:8; Psalm 18:29 = 2 Samuel 22:29; Job 15:22,23,30; Job 20:26; Job 22:11; Job 23:17; Job 29:3; Psalm 107:10; Psalm 107:14 (in both "" צלמות), Psalm 112:4; Ecclesiastes 5:16; Ecclesiastes 11:8. b. = dread, terror, symbolic of judgment Amos 5:18,20; Zephaniah 1:15; Nahum 1:8; Ezekiel 32:8; Joel 2:4; Joel 3:4. c. = mourning Isaiah 47:5. d. = perplexity Job 5:14; Job 12:25; Job 19:8; confusion Psalm 35:6. e. = ignorance Job 37:19; Ecclesiastes 2:14. f. = evil, sin Isaiah 5:20 (twice in verse); Proverbs 2:13. g. = obscurity Ecclesiastes 6:4 (twice in verse). חשׁך (see Biblical Hebrew חֹשֶׁךְ darkness, √ חשׁך). Strong's Exhaustive Concordance darkness, night, obscurity From chashak; the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness -- dark(-ness), night, obscurity. see HEBREW chashak Forms and Transliterations בַּ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְ בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ בַּחֹ֖שֶׁךְ בַּחֹ֗שֶׁךְ בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ בַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ בחשך הַחֹ֑שֶׁךְ הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ החשך החשך׃ וְ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְ וְהַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ וּבַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ וּבַחֹ֣שֶׁךְ וּמֵחֹ֔שֶׁךְ ובחשך והחשך וחשך ולחשך ומחשך חָשְׁכִּֽי׃ חֹ֑שֶׁךְ חֹ֔שֶׁךְ חֹ֖שֶׁךְ חֹ֗שֶׁךְ חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ חֹ֛שֶׁךְ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ חֹ֤שֶׁךְ חֹ֥שֶׁךְ חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ חֹ֭שֶׁךְ חֹֽשֶׁךְ־ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ חֹשֶׁךְ֮ חשך חשך־ חשך׃ חשכי׃ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ לַחֹ֗שֶׁךְ לחשך מֵחֹ֣שֶׁךְ מחשך ba·ḥō·šeḵ ḇa·ḥō·šeḵ baChoshech baḥōšeḵ ḇaḥōšeḵ chasheKi Choshech ha·ḥō·šeḵ ḥā·šə·kî haChoshech haḥōšeḵ ḥāšəkî ḥō·šeḵ ḥō·šeḵ- ḥōšeḵ ḥōšeḵ- la·ḥō·šeḵ laChoshech laḥōšeḵ lə·ḥō·šeḵ leChoshech ləḥōšeḵ mê·ḥō·šeḵ meChoshech mêḥōšeḵ ū·ḇa·ḥō·šeḵ ū·mê·ḥō·šeḵ ūḇaḥōšeḵ umeChoshech ūmêḥōšeḵ uvaChoshech vaChoshech veChoshech vehaChoshech velaChoshech wə·ha·ḥō·šeḵ wə·ḥō·šeḵ wə·la·ḥō·šeḵ wəhaḥōšeḵ wəḥōšeḵ wəlaḥōšeḵLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 1:2 HEB: תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־ פְּנֵ֣י NAS: and void, and darkness was over KJV: and void; and darkness [was] upon the face INT: was formless and void and darkness was over the surface Genesis 1:4 Genesis 1:5 Genesis 1:18 Exodus 10:21 Exodus 10:21 Exodus 10:22 Exodus 14:20 Deuteronomy 4:11 Deuteronomy 5:23 Joshua 2:5 1 Samuel 2:9 2 Samuel 22:12 2 Samuel 22:29 Job 3:4 Job 3:5 Job 5:14 Job 10:21 Job 12:22 Job 12:25 Job 15:22 Job 15:23 Job 15:30 Job 17:12 Job 17:13 80 Occurrences |
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