Now for the matters you wrote about:
This phrase indicates that Paul is responding to specific questions or concerns raised by the Corinthian church in a previous letter. The Corinthian church was dealing with various issues, and they sought Paul's guidance. This reflects the early church's practice of seeking apostolic authority for doctrinal and practical matters. The phrase suggests a dialogical relationship between Paul and the church, emphasizing the importance of addressing real-life issues within the Christian community.

It is good to abstain from sexual relations.
Paul's statement here must be understood within the cultural and historical context of Corinth, a city known for its sexual immorality and pagan practices. The phrase "it is good" suggests a commendable or beneficial choice, not a command. Paul acknowledges the value of celibacy, especially in light of the "present distress" (1 Corinthians 7:26), which may refer to persecution or other challenges facing the church. This aligns with Jesus' teaching in Matthew 19:12 about those who choose celibacy for the sake of the kingdom. However, Paul later clarifies that marriage is also honorable and that each person has their own gift from God (1 Corinthians 7:7). This reflects the biblical principle that both singleness and marriage are valid and honorable states, each with its own purpose and calling.

But because there is so much sexual immorality
In the context of Corinth, a city known for its rampant immorality and idolatry, Paul addresses the pervasive issue of sexual immorality. The Greek word used here, "porneia," encompasses a wide range of illicit sexual activities. The cultural backdrop of Corinth, with its temple to Aphrodite and associated temple prostitution, highlights the challenges early Christians faced in maintaining sexual purity. This phrase underscores the need for a counter-cultural stance on sexual ethics, aligning with biblical teachings found in passages like Leviticus 18 and 1 Thessalonians 4:3-5, which call for holiness and sanctification.

each man should have his own wife
Paul advocates for monogamous marriage as a safeguard against sexual immorality. This directive aligns with the creation narrative in Genesis 2:24, where a man is united with his wife, forming a one-flesh union. The emphasis on "his own wife" suggests exclusivity and fidelity, countering the polygamous practices seen in some Old Testament figures and the promiscuity prevalent in Corinthian society. This teaching reflects the sanctity of marriage as instituted by God and reiterated by Jesus in Matthew 19:4-6.

and each woman her own husband
Similarly, Paul emphasizes the mutual responsibility and exclusivity in marriage for women. This reflects the egalitarian nature of Christian marriage, where both husband and wife are called to faithfulness. In a patriarchal society, this statement affirms the dignity and agency of women within the marital relationship. The reciprocal nature of this command is further supported by Ephesians 5:22-33, where Paul describes the mutual love and respect required in a Christian marriage, mirroring the relationship between Christ and the Church.

The husband should fulfill his marital duty to his wife
This phrase emphasizes the mutual responsibilities within marriage, reflecting the biblical principle of love and respect. In the cultural context of Corinth, where sexual immorality was prevalent, Paul underscores the importance of faithfulness and commitment. The term "marital duty" refers to the conjugal rights and responsibilities that spouses owe each other, rooted in the creation narrative of Genesis 2:24, where a man and woman become one flesh. This duty is not merely physical but encompasses emotional and spiritual support, aligning with Ephesians 5:25, where husbands are called to love their wives as Christ loved the church.

and likewise the wife to her husband
This phrase highlights the reciprocal nature of marital obligations, countering any cultural norms that might have placed unequal expectations on spouses. In the Greco-Roman world, women often had fewer rights, but Paul affirms their equal role in the marriage covenant. This mutual submission is further elaborated in Ephesians 5:21, where believers are instructed to submit to one another out of reverence for Christ. The equality in fulfilling marital duties reflects the unity and partnership intended in marriage, as seen in the relationship between Christ and the church, where both parties are called to serve and honor each other.

The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband.
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses issues related to marriage and sexual relations. This phrase emphasizes the mutual responsibilities and rights within the marital relationship. In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of mutual authority in marriage was countercultural, as women were often seen as subordinate. Paul’s teaching here reflects a radical departure from societal norms, promoting a view of marriage where both partners have equal authority over each other’s bodies. This aligns with the biblical principle of becoming "one flesh" as described in Genesis 2:24, highlighting the unity and mutual submission expected in a Christian marriage. The idea of authority here is not about control but about mutual consent and respect, reflecting Christ's love for the church (Ephesians 5:25-28).

Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife.
This phrase reinforces the concept of mutual submission and equality in marriage. In a patriarchal society, the notion that a husband does not have sole authority over his own body was revolutionary. It underscores the reciprocal nature of marital rights and responsibilities, suggesting that both partners should prioritize each other's needs and desires. This mutual submission is a reflection of the self-giving love that Christ demonstrated, as seen in Philippians 2:3-8, where believers are called to consider others above themselves. Theologically, this mutual authority can be seen as a type of Christ and the church, where both are called to serve and love one another sacrificially. This teaching encourages a partnership that mirrors the unity and love within the Trinity, as well as the relationship between Christ and His followers.

Do not deprive each other
This phrase addresses the marital relationship, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling each other's needs. In the cultural context of Corinth, where sexual immorality was prevalent, Paul underscores the sanctity and exclusivity of the marital bond. This aligns with the biblical teaching found in Genesis 2:24, where a man and woman become one flesh, highlighting the importance of mutual fulfillment and unity in marriage.

except by mutual consent
Paul introduces the idea of agreement between spouses, which reflects the biblical principle of unity and partnership in marriage. This mutual consent is crucial, as it ensures that both partners are in agreement and that one does not impose their will on the other. This principle of agreement is echoed in Amos 3:3, which asks, "Can two walk together unless they are agreed?"

and for a time
The temporary nature of this separation is emphasized, suggesting that any abstention should not be indefinite. This reflects the understanding that marriage is a continuous partnership and that prolonged separation could lead to issues. The temporary aspect is also a reminder of the need for balance in spiritual and physical aspects of life, as seen in Ecclesiastes 3:1, which speaks of a time for every purpose under heaven.

so you may devote yourselves to prayer
The purpose of the temporary abstention is spiritual, allowing couples to focus on prayer. This reflects the biblical principle of prioritizing one's relationship with God, as seen in Matthew 6:33, which encourages seeking first the kingdom of God. The early church often engaged in prayer and fasting as a means of seeking divine guidance and strength, as seen in Acts 13:2-3.

Then come together again
Paul advises that after the period of prayer, couples should reunite. This reunion reinforces the importance of the marital bond and the physical aspect of marriage. It reflects the biblical teaching that marriage is a gift from God, meant to be enjoyed and cherished, as seen in Proverbs 5:18-19, which celebrates the joy of marital love.

so that Satan will not tempt you
This phrase acknowledges the reality of spiritual warfare and the enemy's desire to exploit weaknesses. By reuniting, couples protect themselves from temptation. This aligns with the biblical teaching in Ephesians 6:11, which instructs believers to put on the full armor of God to stand against the devil's schemes.

through your lack of self-control
Paul highlights the human tendency towards weakness and the need for self-control, a fruit of the Spirit as mentioned in Galatians 5:22-23. The acknowledgment of human frailty serves as a reminder of the need for reliance on God's strength and the importance of maintaining a strong marital relationship to guard against temptation.

I say this as a concession
In this phrase, Paul is addressing the Corinthian church regarding marriage and celibacy. The term "concession" indicates that Paul is offering advice rather than issuing a divine mandate. This reflects the flexibility in Christian living, allowing for personal circumstances and individual callings. In the broader context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul discusses marriage, singleness, and sexual relations, emphasizing that his guidance is meant to accommodate different life situations. This approach aligns with the principle of Christian liberty found in other parts of the New Testament, such as Romans 14:1-4, where believers are encouraged to make personal decisions in areas not explicitly commanded by Scripture.

not as a command
Here, Paul clarifies that his advice is not a binding command from the Lord. This distinction is crucial in understanding the nature of apostolic authority and the role of personal discernment in the Christian life. While Paul is an apostle with authority to teach and guide the church, he recognizes that not all situations require a direct command from God. This reflects the early church's understanding of the difference between apostolic guidance and divine commandments. It also highlights the importance of wisdom and discernment in applying biblical principles to everyday life. This approach is consistent with the teachings of Jesus, who often emphasized the spirit of the law over the letter, as seen in Matthew 5:17-48.

I wish that all men were as I am.
Paul expresses a personal desire for others to share his state of singleness and dedication to ministry. This reflects his belief that being unmarried allows for undivided devotion to the Lord's work (1 Corinthians 7:32-35). Historically, Paul was a Pharisee (Philippians 3:5), and some scholars suggest he may have been married at one point, as marriage was common among Pharisees. However, at the time of writing, he was single, possibly widowed or separated due to his conversion. His singleness is seen as a type of Christ, who also lived a celibate life, fully devoted to His mission.

But each man has his own gift from God;
Paul acknowledges the diversity of gifts among believers, emphasizing that singleness and marriage are both gifts from God. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching on spiritual gifts (1 Corinthians 12:4-11), where each believer is equipped differently for the edification of the church. The term "gift" here is the Greek word "charisma," indicating a grace-given ability or state. This reflects the sovereignty of God in distributing gifts according to His will (Romans 12:6).

one has this gift, another has that.
Paul underscores the individuality of God's calling and gifting. This phrase highlights the importance of recognizing and valuing different roles within the Christian community. It echoes the teaching in Romans 12:4-5, where Paul speaks of the body of Christ having many members with different functions. The diversity of gifts serves the unity and growth of the church, as each person contributes uniquely to the body of Christ. This diversity is also a reflection of the Trinity, where unity and diversity coexist harmoniously.

Now to the unmarried and widows I say this:
Paul addresses specific groups within the Corinthian church, namely the unmarried and widows. In the cultural context of the first century, widows often faced financial and social challenges. The unmarried, which may include those who have never married or those who are divorced, also had distinct social standings. Paul’s guidance is pastoral, aiming to provide practical advice for living a Christian life in a society that often marginalized these groups. The early church was a place where such individuals could find community and support, reflecting the inclusive nature of the gospel.

It is good for them to remain unmarried,
Paul suggests that remaining unmarried can be beneficial. This advice is given in light of the "present distress" mentioned later in the chapter, which may refer to persecution or other societal pressures. By remaining unmarried, individuals could potentially devote more time and energy to serving the Lord without the added responsibilities of a family. This echoes Jesus’ teaching in Matthew 19:12, where He speaks of those who choose to live as eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The emphasis is on the freedom and focus that singleness can provide in serving God.

as I am.
Paul uses his own life as an example, indicating that he himself is unmarried. This personal testimony adds weight to his advice, as he speaks from experience. Paul’s singleness allowed him to travel extensively and establish churches throughout the Roman Empire, demonstrating the advantages of an undivided commitment to ministry. His life exemplifies the potential for single individuals to have a significant impact on the spread of the gospel. This also connects to the broader biblical theme of God using individuals in various life situations to fulfill His purposes, as seen in the lives of other unmarried figures like Jeremiah and John the Baptist.

But if they cannot control themselves
This phrase addresses individuals who struggle with self-control regarding sexual desires. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul is responding to questions from the Corinthian church about marriage and celibacy. The city of Corinth was known for its immorality and pagan practices, which included temple prostitution. This cultural backdrop made sexual temptation a significant issue for new believers. Paul acknowledges human weakness and the difficulty of maintaining celibacy for those who are not gifted with it, as he mentions earlier in the chapter (1 Corinthians 7:7). This aligns with the biblical understanding that self-control is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23), yet recognizes that not all possess it to the same degree.

let them marry
Marriage is presented as a legitimate and honorable solution for those who struggle with sexual self-control. This reflects the biblical view of marriage as a covenant relationship instituted by God (Genesis 2:24). In the Jewish tradition, marriage was highly esteemed, and Paul upholds this view, suggesting that marriage is preferable to falling into sexual sin. The New Testament consistently affirms the sanctity of marriage (Hebrews 13:4), and Paul’s advice here is practical, providing a way to live righteously within the bounds of God’s design for human relationships.

For it is better to marry than to burn with passion
The phrase "burn with passion" indicates intense sexual desire that can lead to sin if not properly managed. Paul’s counsel is pragmatic, recognizing that marriage can serve as a safeguard against sexual immorality. This advice is consistent with the broader biblical teaching that sexual relations are to be enjoyed within the confines of marriage (1 Thessalonians 4:3-5). The imagery of "burning" suggests the consuming nature of unchecked desire, which can lead to destructive behavior. By advocating for marriage, Paul provides a constructive outlet for these desires, aligning with the biblical principle that God provides a way to escape temptation (1 Corinthians 10:13).

To the married I give this command
This phrase indicates that the instruction is specifically directed towards those who are married. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul is addressing various issues within the Corinthian church, including questions about marriage. The use of "command" suggests a directive that carries authority, reflecting the seriousness of the matter. Marriage, as instituted by God in Genesis 2:24, is a covenant relationship, and Paul is emphasizing its sanctity and permanence.

(not I, but the Lord):
Here, Paul distinguishes between his own apostolic advice and a direct command from Jesus. This reference to the Lord's teaching likely points to Jesus' teachings on marriage and divorce found in the Gospels, such as Matthew 5:31-32 and Matthew 19:3-9. These passages emphasize the permanence of marriage and the limited grounds for divorce, underscoring the divine origin of this command.

A wife must not separate from her husband.
This instruction reflects the cultural and historical context of the time, where marriage was a foundational social institution. The term "separate" implies a physical and relational departure, which was a significant issue in the Greco-Roman world. The command aligns with the biblical view of marriage as a lifelong commitment, as seen in Malachi 2:16, where God expresses His disdain for divorce. The emphasis on the wife's role may reflect the societal norms of the time, but the underlying principle is the mutual commitment and unity expected in marriage. This teaching also connects to the broader biblical theme of faithfulness, mirroring God's covenantal faithfulness to His people.

But if she does
This phrase acknowledges the possibility of separation in marriage, reflecting the reality of human relationships. In the cultural context of Corinth, divorce was not uncommon, and Paul addresses this issue within the church. The phrase suggests a concession to human weakness, recognizing that separation might occur despite the ideal of marital unity.

she must remain unmarried
Paul advises that if a woman separates from her husband, she should remain unmarried. This reflects the biblical principle of marriage as a lifelong covenant (Genesis 2:24). Remaining unmarried maintains the possibility of reconciliation and upholds the sanctity of the original marriage bond. This instruction aligns with Jesus' teaching in Matthew 19:9, where divorce and remarriage are discouraged except in cases of sexual immorality.

or else be reconciled to her husband
Reconciliation is presented as the preferred outcome, emphasizing forgiveness and restoration. This reflects the broader biblical theme of reconciliation, as seen in 2 Corinthians 5:18-19, where believers are called to be reconciled to God and to one another. The call to reconciliation mirrors the redemptive work of Christ, who reconciles humanity to God.

And a husband must not divorce his wife
This directive underscores the mutual responsibility in marriage, where both spouses are called to uphold the marriage covenant. In the historical context, men had more legal rights to initiate divorce, but Paul emphasizes equality and mutual commitment. This aligns with Malachi 2:16, where God expresses His disdain for divorce, highlighting the importance of faithfulness and covenant-keeping.

To the rest I say this (I, not the Lord):
In this phrase, Paul distinguishes between his own apostolic guidance and a direct command from Jesus. This does not imply that Paul's words lack authority; rather, it highlights that Jesus did not specifically address this situation during His earthly ministry. Paul, inspired by the Holy Spirit, provides guidance for circumstances not directly covered by Jesus' teachings. This reflects the early church's need to address new issues as the Gospel spread to diverse cultures.

If a brother has an unbelieving wife
The term "brother" refers to a Christian man, indicating that the early church included believers who were married to non-believers. This situation likely arose as individuals converted to Christianity while their spouses did not. The cultural context of Corinth, a cosmopolitan city with diverse religious practices, would have made such mixed marriages common. The challenge of maintaining a Christian household in a pagan environment is a central concern here.

and she is willing to live with him,
This phrase emphasizes the importance of mutual consent and willingness in the marriage relationship. The wife's willingness to remain with her Christian husband suggests a level of respect and harmony, even amidst differing beliefs. This reflects the broader biblical principle of peace and unity within the family, as seen in Romans 12:18, which encourages believers to live peaceably with all.

he must not divorce her.
Paul advises against divorce in this situation, aligning with the broader biblical teaching on the sanctity and permanence of marriage (Matthew 19:6). This instruction underscores the potential for the believing spouse to positively influence the unbelieving partner, as seen in 1 Peter 3:1-2. The call to maintain the marriage also reflects the hope that the unbelieving spouse might come to faith through the witness of the believing partner.

And if a woman has an unbelieving husband
In the early church, many converts to Christianity were women, and some were married to non-believers. This situation reflects the cultural context of the Greco-Roman world, where religious beliefs within a household could vary. The Apostle Paul addresses this issue, acknowledging the reality of mixed-faith marriages. The emphasis here is on the woman's faith and her role within the marriage, highlighting the potential for her to influence her husband positively through her Christian conduct, as seen in 1 Peter 3:1-2.

and he is willing to live with her
The willingness of the unbelieving husband to remain in the marriage is crucial. This phrase suggests a level of harmony and mutual respect within the relationship, despite differing beliefs. It reflects the principle of peace and coexistence, which Paul advocates in Romans 12:18, where believers are encouraged to live peaceably with all. The husband's willingness indicates an openness that could lead to his eventual conversion, aligning with the hope expressed in 1 Corinthians 7:16.

she must not divorce him
Paul's instruction against divorce in this context underscores the sanctity and permanence of marriage, as established in Genesis 2:24. The directive aligns with Jesus' teachings in Matthew 19:6, where He emphasizes that what God has joined together, man should not separate. This command also reflects the broader biblical theme of reconciliation and unity, encouraging the believing spouse to maintain the marriage covenant and potentially lead the unbelieving partner to faith through their example and love.

For the unbelieving husband is sanctified through his believing wife
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses issues related to marriage, particularly between believers and unbelievers. The term "sanctified" here does not imply salvation but rather a setting apart for a special purpose. In a mixed-faith marriage, the believing spouse brings a sanctifying influence to the household. This reflects the Old Testament principle where the presence of the righteous can bring blessings to others, as seen in Genesis 18:26-32 with Abraham's intercession for Sodom. The believing spouse's faith and conduct can serve as a witness to the unbelieving partner, potentially leading them to faith in Christ.

and the unbelieving wife is sanctified through her believing husband
This phrase mirrors the previous one, emphasizing the mutual influence spouses have on each other. In the Greco-Roman world, the husband's faith often dictated the family's religious practices. However, Paul acknowledges the spiritual agency of both spouses, regardless of gender. This egalitarian view was countercultural at the time, highlighting the transformative power of the Gospel in breaking down societal norms. The sanctification here is relational and communal, not individual salvation, aligning with the broader biblical theme of God's people being a light to the nations (Isaiah 49:6).

Otherwise your children would be unclean
In Jewish tradition, "unclean" often referred to ceremonial impurity, which could hinder one's participation in religious life. Paul reassures the Corinthian believers that their children are not spiritually disadvantaged by having one unbelieving parent. This reflects the covenantal understanding seen in the Old Testament, where the faith of the parents impacts the spiritual status of the children, as in Deuteronomy 6:6-7. The presence of a believing parent ensures that the children are raised in an environment where they can learn about God and His ways.

but now they are holy
The term "holy" signifies being set apart for God. In this context, it means that the children of a mixed-faith marriage are included in the covenant community and are under the spiritual care and influence of the believing parent. This echoes the promise of Acts 2:39, where the promise of salvation is extended to believers and their children. The holiness here is not inherent but relational, indicating that the children are part of the Christian community and have access to its spiritual blessings and teachings.

But if the unbeliever leaves, let him go.
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses issues related to marriage, particularly between believers and unbelievers. The phrase "if the unbeliever leaves" acknowledges the reality of mixed-faith marriages in the early church, a situation that arose as individuals converted to Christianity while their spouses did not. The instruction to "let him go" reflects a recognition of the unbeliever's autonomy and the believer's freedom from the obligation to maintain the marriage at all costs. This aligns with the broader biblical principle of peace and freedom in Christ, as seen in Galatians 5:1, where believers are called to stand firm in their freedom.

The believing brother or sister is not bound in such cases.
This phrase indicates that the believer is not under the bondage of the marital covenant if the unbelieving spouse chooses to depart. The term "not bound" suggests a release from the marital obligations, which is consistent with the Jewish understanding of marriage as a covenant that can be dissolved under certain conditions. This reflects the cultural and legal practices of the time, where marriage was both a personal and social contract. Theologically, this release underscores the priority of one's relationship with God over human relationships, echoing Jesus' teaching in Matthew 10:37 about the primacy of allegiance to Him.

God has called you to live in peace.
The call to "live in peace" serves as a guiding principle for the believer's conduct in all relationships, including marriage. This reflects the biblical theme of peace as a hallmark of the Christian life, as seen in Romans 12:18, where believers are urged to live peaceably with all. The peace mentioned here is not merely the absence of conflict but a holistic sense of well-being and harmony that comes from God. This peace is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and is central to the believer's witness in a world often marked by division and strife. The call to peace also aligns with the prophetic vision of the Messianic kingdom, where peace reigns supreme (Isaiah 9:6-7).

How do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband?
This phrase addresses the uncertainty and hope within a marriage where one spouse is a believer and the other is not. In the cultural context of the early church, marriages between believers and non-believers were common, especially as Christianity spread rapidly. The question posed by Paul reflects the potential influence a believing spouse can have on their partner. This aligns with 1 Peter 3:1-2, which encourages wives to win over their husbands through their conduct. The idea of "saving" here is not about the wife having the power to grant salvation, but rather being a vessel through which God might work to bring the husband to faith. The concept of household salvation is seen in Acts 16:31, where the faith of one can lead to the spiritual awakening of the entire household.

Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?
Similarly, this phrase emphasizes the role of the believing husband in potentially leading his wife to faith. In the Greco-Roman world, the husband often held significant influence over the household, including religious practices. Paul's inclusion of both spouses highlights the mutual responsibility and opportunity each has in the spiritual realm. This reflects the egalitarian nature of spiritual influence within the Christian faith, as seen in Galatians 3:28, where there is neither male nor female in Christ. The question underscores the mystery of God's work in salvation, reminding believers that while they can be instruments of God's grace, the ultimate work of salvation is God's alone. This echoes the sentiment found in John 6:44, where Jesus states that no one can come to Him unless drawn by the Father.

Regardless, each one should lead the life that the Lord has assigned to him
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty of God in the life of a believer. The concept of divine assignment is rooted in the understanding that God has a specific plan and purpose for each individual (Jeremiah 29:11). The idea of leading a life assigned by the Lord suggests a call to contentment and faithfulness in one's current circumstances, reflecting the biblical principle of stewardship (1 Peter 4:10). Historically, the early church faced diverse social and economic conditions, and this directive would have encouraged believers to remain faithful regardless of their status or situation.

and to which God has called him.
The notion of calling is central to Christian theology, indicating a divine invitation to live according to God's will. This calling is not limited to vocational ministry but extends to all aspects of life, affirming that every believer has a role in God's kingdom (Ephesians 4:1). The cultural context of Corinth, a city known for its diversity and moral challenges, underscores the importance of living out one's calling amidst societal pressures. This call to holiness and distinctiveness is echoed throughout Scripture (1 Peter 1:15-16).

This is what I prescribe in all the churches.
Paul's instruction here highlights the universality of his teaching, suggesting that the principles he outlines are not unique to Corinth but applicable to all Christian communities. This reflects the apostolic authority given to Paul and the consistency of doctrine across the early church (1 Corinthians 4:17). The phrase also underscores the unity of the body of Christ, as the same standards and expectations are set for all believers, regardless of geographical or cultural differences. This unity is a fulfillment of Jesus' prayer for His followers to be one (John 17:21).

Was a man already circumcised when he was called?
In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul addresses the diverse backgrounds of the Corinthian church, which included both Jewish and Gentile believers. Circumcision was a sign of the covenant between God and Abraham, deeply rooted in Jewish identity (Genesis 17:10-14). For Jewish Christians, circumcision was a physical mark of their heritage and religious commitment. Paul emphasizes that one's physical state at the time of their calling to faith in Christ is not of primary importance. This reflects the New Testament teaching that faith in Christ transcends cultural and religious boundaries (Galatians 3:28).

He should not become uncircumcised.
The idea of becoming "uncircumcised" is metaphorical, as physically reversing circumcision is not possible. Historically, some Jews in the Greco-Roman world attempted to hide their circumcision to assimilate into Gentile society, especially in contexts like gymnasiums where nudity was common. Paul advises against such actions, emphasizing that one's identity in Christ should not be compromised for social acceptance. This aligns with the broader biblical theme that believers are called to be distinct from the world (Romans 12:2).

Was a man still uncircumcised when called?
Paul addresses Gentile believers who were not circumcised, which was the norm outside of Jewish communities. The early church grappled with whether Gentile converts needed to adopt Jewish customs, including circumcision, to be fully accepted (Acts 15:1-29). Paul consistently taught that faith in Christ, not adherence to the law, was the basis for salvation (Ephesians 2:8-9). This reflects the fulfillment of the law through Christ and the new covenant established by His sacrifice (Hebrews 8:6-13).

He should not be circumcised.
Paul's instruction here is clear: Gentile believers should not feel compelled to undergo circumcision to gain acceptance within the Christian community. This teaching is part of Paul's broader argument against legalism and the imposition of Jewish law on Gentile converts (Galatians 5:2-6). It underscores the sufficiency of Christ's work on the cross and the unity of believers regardless of cultural or religious background. This principle is foundational to the doctrine of justification by faith and the universality of the gospel message (Romans 3:29-30).

Circumcision is nothing
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7:19, Paul addresses the issue of circumcision, a significant religious practice for Jews, as a symbol of the covenant between God and Abraham (Genesis 17:10-14). However, in the New Testament, the physical act of circumcision is no longer seen as necessary for salvation or a relationship with God. This reflects the shift from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant, where faith in Christ supersedes the law (Galatians 5:6). Paul emphasizes that external rituals do not determine one's standing with God, aligning with his teachings in Romans 2:28-29, where he speaks of a "circumcision of the heart."

and uncircumcision is nothing.
Paul's statement that uncircumcision is nothing further underscores the irrelevance of physical rituals in the new Christian faith. In the early church, there was tension between Jewish and Gentile believers regarding adherence to Jewish customs. By stating that uncircumcision is nothing, Paul affirms that Gentile believers are not required to adopt Jewish customs to be part of God's people. This is consistent with the decision made at the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15), where it was determined that Gentiles did not need to be circumcised to be saved.

Keeping God’s commandments is what counts.
Paul shifts the focus from external rituals to the importance of obedience to God's commandments. This echoes Jesus' teaching in John 14:15, "If you love Me, you will keep My commandments." The emphasis is on a transformed life that reflects God's will, rather than adherence to ceremonial laws. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that true faith is demonstrated through actions (James 2:17). The commandments here are understood as the moral and ethical teachings of Christ, which fulfill the law (Matthew 5:17-20). This perspective highlights the essence of Christian living as a heart-oriented obedience to God, rather than mere external compliance.

Each one should remain
This phrase emphasizes the principle of contentment and stability in one's current circumstances. In the context of the early church, believers were often concerned about whether they needed to change their social or marital status upon conversion. Paul advises against unnecessary changes, promoting a sense of peace and focus on spiritual growth rather than external conditions. This aligns with the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized the importance of inner transformation over outward appearances (Matthew 23:26).

in the situation
The term "situation" refers to one's social, economic, or marital status. In the Greco-Roman world, social mobility was limited, and one's status was often seen as divinely appointed. Paul acknowledges these societal structures but encourages believers to prioritize their spiritual calling over societal expectations. This reflects the broader biblical theme that God can work through any circumstance, as seen in Joseph's rise to power in Egypt despite his initial status as a slave (Genesis 39-41).

he was in
This part of the verse underscores the idea of divine providence. The circumstances in which a person finds themselves are not accidental but are part of God's sovereign plan. This echoes the Old Testament understanding of God's control over the affairs of men, as seen in Proverbs 16:9, which states, "In their hearts humans plan their course, but the Lord establishes their steps."

when he was called
The concept of being "called" refers to the moment of conversion or the realization of one's faith in Christ. This calling is a central theme in Paul's writings, emphasizing that it is God who initiates the relationship with believers (Romans 8:30). The calling is not just to salvation but to a life of service and witness, regardless of one's external circumstances. This reflects the transformative power of the Gospel, which transcends cultural and social barriers, as seen in Galatians 3:28, where Paul declares that in Christ, there is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female.

Were you a slave when you were called?
In the Roman Empire, slavery was a common institution, with slaves making up a significant portion of the population. Slavery in this context was not based on race but on various factors such as war, debt, or birth. When Paul addresses those who were slaves at the time of their calling to Christianity, he acknowledges the reality of their social status. The calling refers to the moment of conversion to faith in Christ. This question highlights the inclusivity of the Gospel, which transcends social and economic barriers, as seen in Galatians 3:28, where Paul states that in Christ, there is neither slave nor free.

Do not let it concern you—
Paul advises believers not to be overly troubled by their earthly status, emphasizing that their spiritual identity in Christ is of greater importance. This reflects the teaching of Jesus in Matthew 6:25-34, where believers are encouraged not to worry about their lives but to seek first the kingdom of God. The focus is on the eternal perspective, where earthly conditions are temporary and secondary to one's relationship with God.

but if you can gain your freedom,
While Paul encourages contentment, he also acknowledges the value of freedom. The opportunity for a slave to gain freedom could arise through various means, such as manumission, purchasing one's freedom, or being granted freedom by a master. This reflects the biblical principle of seeking improvement in one's circumstances when possible, as seen in the story of Joseph, who rose from slavery to a position of power in Egypt (Genesis 41:41-44).

take the opportunity.
Paul advises taking the opportunity for freedom if it presents itself, suggesting that while one's spiritual status is paramount, improving one's earthly condition is also desirable. This aligns with the biblical theme of redemption and liberation, echoing the deliverance of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt (Exodus 6:6). It also prefigures the ultimate freedom found in Christ, who liberates believers from the bondage of sin (John 8:36). The encouragement to seize the opportunity for freedom reflects the balance between contentment in one's current state and the pursuit of better circumstances when possible.

For he who was a slave when he was called by the Lord
In the Roman Empire, slavery was a common institution, with slaves making up a significant portion of the population. Slaves had limited rights and were considered the property of their masters. When Paul writes to the Corinthians, he acknowledges the social reality of slavery but emphasizes a spiritual transformation. Being "called by the Lord" refers to the moment of conversion and acceptance of the Christian faith. This calling transcends earthly status, indicating that one's spiritual identity in Christ is paramount. The concept of being called by God is echoed in passages like Romans 8:30, where those whom God predestines, He also calls.

is the Lord’s freedman.
This phrase highlights the paradox of Christian freedom. While a person may be a slave in societal terms, in Christ, they are free. This freedom is not about social liberation but spiritual emancipation from sin and death, as seen in John 8:36, "So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed." The term "freedman" would resonate with the audience, as freedmen in Roman society were former slaves who had been granted freedom and certain rights. Spiritually, this signifies liberation from the bondage of sin and the law, as discussed in Galatians 5:1.

Conversely, he who was a free man when he was called
Paul addresses those who were not slaves at the time of their calling. In the Roman context, free men had more privileges and autonomy. However, Paul reminds them that their earthly freedom does not exempt them from spiritual servitude. This serves as a leveling message, indicating that all believers, regardless of social status, are equal before God. The idea of being called is consistent with the notion of divine election and purpose, as seen in Ephesians 1:18, where believers are called to hope and inheritance.

is Christ’s slave.
This phrase underscores the concept of willing servitude to Christ, a theme prevalent in Paul's writings. The term "slave" (doulos in Greek) implies total devotion and submission to the will of Christ. This is a voluntary and joyful servitude, contrasting with the involuntary nature of earthly slavery. In Romans 6:22, Paul explains that being a slave to God leads to holiness and eternal life. The imagery of being Christ's slave reflects the believer's commitment to live according to His teachings and commands, as seen in Philippians 1:1, where Paul refers to himself as a servant of Christ Jesus. This servitude is a type of Christ's own servanthood, as He came not to be served but to serve (Mark 10:45).

You were bought at a price;
This phrase emphasizes the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ, which is the foundation of Christian redemption. The concept of being "bought" reflects the ancient practice of purchasing slaves or goods, highlighting the costliness of Christ's sacrifice. In the Greco-Roman world, slaves could be bought and sold, and this imagery would resonate with the Corinthian audience, many of whom were familiar with slavery. The "price" refers to the blood of Christ, as seen in 1 Peter 1:18-19, which underscores the preciousness and value of the sacrifice. This echoes the Old Testament sacrificial system, where a price was paid for atonement, pointing to Jesus as the ultimate fulfillment of these sacrifices.

do not become slaves of men.
This part of the verse warns against submitting to human authority or systems that contradict one's allegiance to Christ. In the historical context, Corinth was a city with a significant population of slaves, and the metaphor of slavery would be powerful. Paul is urging believers to recognize their primary identity and allegiance as belonging to Christ, not to any human master or societal expectation. This can also be seen as a call to spiritual freedom, as in Galatians 5:1, where believers are encouraged to stand firm in the freedom Christ provides. Theologically, it underscores the believer's liberation from sin and the law, as well as the call to live under the lordship of Christ rather than human dictates.

Brothers
The term "brothers" is used frequently by Paul to address fellow believers, emphasizing the familial bond among Christians. This reflects the early Christian understanding of the church as a family, united by faith in Christ. The use of "brothers" also indicates the inclusive nature of the message, addressing both men and women as part of the spiritual family.

Each one should remain
Paul advises believers to remain in their current circumstances, which reflects a broader theme in his letters about contentment and faithfulness in one's present situation. This counsel is not about complacency but about recognizing God's sovereignty and purpose in each person's life. It echoes the teaching of Jesus in Matthew 6:25-34, where believers are encouraged not to worry about their lives but to trust in God's provision.

In the situation he was in
The "situation" refers to one's social, economic, or marital status at the time of conversion. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses various life situations, including marriage, singleness, and slavery. The early church was diverse, with members from different backgrounds, and Paul's guidance was to live out their faith within their existing circumstances, trusting that God can work through any situation.

When God called him
The concept of being "called" by God is central to Paul's theology. It signifies the divine initiative in salvation and the believer's response to God's grace. This calling is not just to salvation but to a life of holiness and service. The idea of calling also connects to the Old Testament, where God called individuals like Abraham and Moses for specific purposes, highlighting the continuity of God's plan throughout scripture.

This passage encourages believers to trust in God's timing and purpose, recognizing that their current circumstances are part of His divine plan. It also underscores the transformative power of the gospel, which transcends social and cultural boundaries, calling individuals to a new identity in Christ.

Now about virgins
In the context of 1 Corinthians, "virgins" refers to unmarried individuals, particularly young women who have not yet married. The cultural context of Corinth, a city known for its immorality, highlights the importance of addressing issues of marriage and celibacy. The term "virgins" also reflects the early Christian emphasis on purity and the value placed on celibacy as a means of dedicating oneself fully to the Lord's work.

I have no command from the Lord
Paul acknowledges that he does not have a direct command from Jesus regarding the issue of virgins. This is significant because it shows Paul's humility and honesty in distinguishing between the teachings of Jesus and his own apostolic guidance. It also reflects the early church's reliance on apostolic authority to address new situations not explicitly covered by Jesus' teachings.

but I give a judgment
Paul offers his personal judgment, which is informed by his understanding of the gospel and his experience as an apostle. This judgment is not a command but a wise counsel, reflecting the flexibility and adaptability of early Christian teaching to address diverse circumstances. It underscores the role of spiritual discernment in making decisions that align with Christian values.

as one who by the Lord’s mercy is trustworthy
Paul emphasizes that his judgment is trustworthy because it is given by someone who has received mercy from the Lord. This highlights the transformative power of God's grace in Paul's life, from a persecutor of Christians to a leading apostle. It also reassures the Corinthians that his advice is reliable, rooted in his deep relationship with Christ and his commitment to the church's well-being.

Because of the present crisis
The "present crisis" refers to a specific situation facing the Corinthian church at the time of Paul's writing. Historically, this could relate to a period of persecution or social upheaval affecting early Christians. The Roman Empire, under which Corinth was a significant city, often experienced political and social instability. This phrase suggests an urgent, temporary situation that required immediate attention and adaptation. In a broader biblical context, crises often serve as tests of faith and opportunities for believers to demonstrate reliance on God (James 1:2-4).

I think it is good
Paul's use of "I think" indicates a personal judgment rather than a direct command from the Lord. This reflects the apostolic authority Paul held, allowing him to provide guidance based on wisdom and experience. The term "good" here aligns with biblical principles of wisdom and discernment, as seen in Proverbs, where seeking wise counsel is encouraged (Proverbs 11:14).

for a man to remain as he is
This advice to "remain as he is" suggests stability and contentment in one's current state, whether married or single. It echoes the broader biblical theme of contentment found in Philippians 4:11-13, where Paul speaks of being content in all circumstances. The cultural context of Corinth, a city known for its immorality and diverse population, may have made drastic life changes particularly challenging during a crisis. This counsel encourages believers to focus on their spiritual responsibilities and trust in God's provision, rather than being distracted by changing personal circumstances.

Are you committed to a wife?
This phrase addresses those who are already married. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul is responding to questions from the Corinthian church about marriage and singleness. The cultural backdrop includes a society where marriage was often seen as a social obligation. Paul emphasizes the sanctity and commitment of marriage, reflecting Genesis 2:24, where a man is united with his wife. The commitment to a wife is a covenantal relationship, mirroring God's covenant with His people.

Do not seek to be released.
Paul advises against seeking divorce, aligning with Jesus' teachings in Matthew 19:6, where He states that what God has joined together, man should not separate. In the Greco-Roman world, divorce was relatively common and could be initiated by either party. Paul’s instruction underscores the permanence of marriage and the importance of faithfulness, reflecting God's unwavering commitment to His covenant with humanity.

Are you free of commitment?
This phrase refers to those who are unmarried or possibly widowed. In the early church, there was a debate about the virtues of singleness versus marriage. Paul acknowledges the benefits of singleness for undivided devotion to the Lord, as seen in 1 Corinthians 7:32-35. The freedom from marital commitment allows for greater flexibility in ministry and service, echoing the life of Jesus, who was single and fully devoted to His mission.

Do not look for a wife.
Paul advises those who are single not to actively seek marriage, especially in light of the "present crisis" mentioned earlier in the chapter (1 Corinthians 7:26). This could refer to specific challenges faced by the Corinthian church or the broader eschatological expectation of Christ's return. The advice is not a prohibition against marriage but a call to prioritize spiritual matters and remain content in one's current state, as seen in Philippians 4:11-12. This reflects the idea that one's identity and fulfillment are found in Christ, not in marital status.

But if you do marry, you have not sinned.
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses questions about marriage and singleness. Here, he reassures believers that choosing to marry is not sinful. This aligns with the biblical view that marriage is a God-ordained institution (Genesis 2:24). Paul acknowledges the legitimacy and sanctity of marriage, countering any ascetic beliefs that might suggest celibacy is the only holy path. This reflects the cultural context of Corinth, where diverse views on marriage existed, influenced by both Jewish and Greco-Roman traditions.

And if a virgin marries, she has not sinned.
Paul extends his assurance to virgins, emphasizing that entering into marriage is not a sin. In the first-century context, a "virgin" typically referred to an unmarried woman. This statement supports the idea that marriage is honorable for all, as echoed in Hebrews 13:4. It also addresses potential concerns among early Christians who might have felt pressured to remain single due to the imminent return of Christ or societal pressures.

But those who marry will face troubles in this life,
Paul candidly acknowledges the practical challenges of marriage. The "troubles" refer to the everyday difficulties and responsibilities that come with married life, such as financial pressures, relational conflicts, and family obligations. This realistic perspective is consistent with the wisdom literature of the Old Testament, such as Proverbs, which often discusses the complexities of human relationships. Paul's statement serves as a reminder that while marriage is a blessing, it also requires commitment and sacrifice.

and I want to spare you this.
Paul's pastoral concern is evident as he expresses a desire to spare believers from additional burdens. His advice is not a prohibition against marriage but a consideration of the present circumstances, possibly including persecution or the "present distress" mentioned earlier in the chapter (1 Corinthians 7:26). This reflects Paul's broader eschatological perspective, where he encourages believers to live with an eternal focus, as seen in his other writings like Philippians 3:20. His guidance is rooted in a desire for believers to serve the Lord without distraction, whether married or single.

What I am saying, brothers,
Paul addresses the Corinthian believers with a term of endearment, "brothers," indicating a familial relationship within the body of Christ. This reflects the early Christian understanding of the church as a family, transcending biological ties. The use of "brothers" also emphasizes the equality and unity among believers, regardless of their social or economic status, which was a radical concept in the stratified society of the Roman Empire.

is that the time is short.
Paul's assertion that "the time is short" reflects an eschatological urgency prevalent in the early church. This phrase suggests an awareness of the imminent return of Christ, a theme consistent with other New Testament writings (e.g., Romans 13:11-12, 1 Peter 4:7). The early Christians lived with the expectation that Christ could return at any moment, which influenced their priorities and lifestyle choices. This sense of urgency is not just about chronological time but also about the opportunity to live faithfully in the present age.

From now on those who have wives should live as if they had none;
This statement is not a call to neglect marital responsibilities but rather an exhortation to prioritize spiritual commitments over earthly ties. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul discusses marriage and singleness, emphasizing that both states are gifts from God and should be lived out with a focus on serving the Lord. The phrase suggests a detachment from worldly concerns, echoing Jesus' teaching in Luke 14:26 about the cost of discipleship. It underscores the transient nature of earthly relationships in light of eternal realities, encouraging believers to live with a heavenly perspective.

those who weep, as if they did not;
In this passage, Paul addresses the transient nature of earthly emotions and circumstances. The phrase "those who weep" refers to individuals experiencing sorrow or loss. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul is discussing the temporary nature of worldly conditions in light of the imminent return of Christ. The exhortation to live "as if they did not" weep suggests a focus on eternal realities rather than temporary afflictions. This aligns with other scriptural teachings, such as Romans 8:18, which speaks of present sufferings not being worth comparing with future glory. The cultural context of Corinth, a city known for its wealth and moral challenges, underscores the need for believers to maintain a heavenly perspective amidst life's trials.

those who are joyful, as if they were not;
Here, Paul addresses those experiencing happiness or success. The instruction to live "as if they were not" joyful emphasizes the fleeting nature of earthly pleasures. This reflects the biblical theme that true joy is found in Christ and eternal life, rather than in temporary circumstances. Ecclesiastes 7:2-4 also speaks to the wisdom of considering the brevity of life and the importance of a heart focused on God. In the historical context of Corinth, where pleasure and indulgence were prevalent, Paul's message serves as a reminder to prioritize spiritual over temporal joy. This perspective encourages believers to hold loosely to worldly happiness, recognizing that ultimate fulfillment is found in their relationship with God.

those who make a purchase, as if they had nothing;
This phrase addresses the attitude towards material possessions. Instructing believers to live "as if they had nothing" highlights the transient nature of material wealth. This teaching is consistent with Jesus' words in Matthew 6:19-21, where He advises storing up treasures in heaven rather than on earth. The historical context of Corinth, a prosperous trade city, would have made this message particularly relevant, as the temptation to prioritize wealth was significant. Paul's counsel encourages believers to view possessions as temporary and to invest in eternal values. This perspective aligns with the broader biblical narrative that emphasizes stewardship and the understanding that all material goods ultimately belong to God.

and those who use the things of this world,
This phrase acknowledges the necessity of engaging with the material world. In the context of 1 Corinthians, Paul addresses a community living in a bustling, cosmopolitan city known for its commerce and wealth. The "things of this world" can refer to material possessions, social status, and daily activities. Biblically, this echoes Jesus' teaching in Matthew 6:19-21, where He advises storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth. The use of worldly things is not condemned, but believers are reminded to maintain a proper perspective.

as if not dependent on them.
Here, Paul emphasizes the transient nature of worldly possessions and the importance of not becoming overly attached. This reflects the biblical principle of stewardship, where believers are caretakers of God's creation rather than owners. The idea is to use resources wisely without letting them control one's life. This aligns with Jesus' teaching in Luke 12:15, warning against greed and the belief that life consists of an abundance of possessions. The call is to live with an eternal perspective, focusing on spiritual growth and reliance on God.

For this world in its present form is passing away.
Paul reminds the Corinthians of the temporary nature of the current world order. This eschatological perspective is consistent with other New Testament teachings, such as 1 John 2:17, which states that the world and its desires are passing away. The phrase underscores the urgency of living for God's kingdom, which is eternal. Historically, this reflects the early Christian belief in the imminent return of Christ and the establishment of a new heaven and earth, as prophesied in Revelation 21:1. The transient nature of the world encourages believers to prioritize their relationship with God and the pursuit of eternal values.

I want you to be free from concern.
Paul expresses a desire for believers to live without anxiety, particularly concerning worldly matters. This reflects Jesus' teaching in Matthew 6:25-34, where He encourages His followers not to worry about their lives. The context of 1 Corinthians 7 is Paul's guidance on marriage and singleness, emphasizing that freedom from worldly concerns allows for undivided devotion to God. Historically, Corinth was a bustling city with many distractions, making Paul's advice particularly relevant.

The unmarried man is concerned about the work of the Lord,
Paul highlights the advantage of singleness in serving God. In the early church, many leaders, including Paul himself, were unmarried, allowing them to dedicate their lives fully to ministry. This reflects a broader biblical theme where singleness is seen as a gift (1 Corinthians 7:7) that enables a person to focus on spiritual matters without the added responsibilities of a family. The cultural context of the time placed significant expectations on married individuals, which could detract from their ability to serve the church.

how he can please the Lord.
The focus here is on pleasing God, a central theme throughout Scripture. In Romans 12:1-2, believers are urged to offer their bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God. The unmarried man, free from familial obligations, can more readily pursue this goal. This phrase also connects to the idea of living a life that reflects Christ's teachings and character, as seen in Ephesians 5:10, where believers are encouraged to find out what pleases the Lord.

But the married man
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses the concerns and responsibilities of married individuals. The term "married man" refers to those who have entered into the covenant of marriage, a sacred institution established by God in Genesis 2:24. This covenant involves a commitment to one's spouse, which inherently brings about certain obligations and duties. The married man is contrasted with the unmarried man, who can focus more singularly on spiritual matters without the added responsibilities of a family.

is concerned about the affairs of this world
The phrase "affairs of this world" refers to the practical and everyday responsibilities that come with marriage. These include providing for the family, maintaining a household, and engaging in societal duties. In the cultural context of Corinth, a bustling trade city, these affairs could involve business dealings, social obligations, and community involvement. The "world" here is not necessarily negative but denotes the temporal and earthly aspects of life that require attention and care.

how he can please his wife
Pleasing one's wife is a central aspect of the marital relationship, emphasizing the importance of love, care, and mutual respect. Ephesians 5:25-33 expands on this by instructing husbands to love their wives as Christ loved the church, highlighting the sacrificial nature of this love. In the historical context, pleasing one's wife would involve ensuring her well-being, security, and happiness, which were crucial in a patriarchal society where women often depended on their husbands for protection and provision. This phrase underscores the biblical principle of selflessness and service within marriage, reflecting Christ's love for His people.

and his interests are divided.
This phrase highlights the divided focus of a married individual. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses the challenges faced by those who are married, as their attention is split between serving God and fulfilling marital responsibilities. This division is not inherently negative but reflects the practical realities of married life. The concept of divided interests can be seen in other scriptures, such as Luke 14:26, where Jesus speaks about the cost of discipleship and the need for prioritizing Him above all else.

The unmarried woman or virgin is concerned about the work of the Lord,
Paul emphasizes the advantage of singleness in terms of undivided devotion to God. In the early church, unmarried women often played significant roles in ministry, as seen in Acts 21:9, where Philip's four unmarried daughters prophesied. The cultural context of the time placed high value on marriage, yet Paul presents singleness as a viable and even preferable option for those called to serve God without distraction.

how she can be holy in both body and spirit.
Holiness in body and spirit reflects a comprehensive dedication to God, encompassing both physical actions and spiritual devotion. This dual focus on body and spirit aligns with the holistic view of human nature found in scripture, such as in Romans 12:1, where believers are urged to present their bodies as living sacrifices. The call to holiness is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, emphasizing purity and dedication to God's service.

But the married woman is concerned about the affairs of this world,
Paul acknowledges the legitimate concerns of married life, which include managing household responsibilities and nurturing family relationships. These "affairs of this world" are not sinful but are part of the God-ordained structure of marriage. The historical context of the Greco-Roman world placed significant expectations on women to manage domestic affairs, which could limit their ability to engage in ministry activities.

how she can please her husband.
The focus on pleasing one's husband reflects the biblical teaching on the roles within marriage, as seen in Ephesians 5:22-24, where wives are instructed to submit to their husbands as to the Lord. This submission is part of the mutual love and respect that characterizes a Christian marriage. The cultural context of the time emphasized the importance of harmony and duty within the household, which Paul acknowledges while also highlighting the potential for divided focus in serving God.

I am saying this for your own good
Paul addresses the Corinthians with pastoral care, emphasizing his concern for their spiritual well-being. This reflects his role as an apostle who seeks the best for the church, aligning with his broader teachings in 1 Corinthians where he addresses various issues for the benefit of the believers. His approach is consistent with the biblical principle of shepherding the flock, as seen in passages like 1 Peter 5:2-3, where leaders are encouraged to care for their congregations willingly and eagerly.

not to restrict you
Paul clarifies that his guidance is not meant to impose unnecessary limitations. This reflects the freedom believers have in Christ, as seen in Galatians 5:1, where Paul speaks of the liberty found in the gospel. The cultural context of Corinth, a city known for its diverse and often morally lax environment, required clear guidance without legalistic constraints, allowing believers to live out their faith authentically.

but in order to promote proper decorum
Paul emphasizes the importance of maintaining order and propriety within the church. This aligns with his teachings on orderly worship and conduct, as seen in 1 Corinthians 14:40, where he instructs that all things should be done decently and in order. The cultural backdrop of Corinth, with its reputation for chaos and immorality, underscores the need for believers to stand out through their disciplined and respectful behavior.

and undivided devotion to the Lord
Paul's ultimate goal is to encourage a singular focus on Christ. This echoes the Shema from Deuteronomy 6:5, which calls for loving God with all one's heart, soul, and strength. In the New Testament, Jesus reiterates this commandment as the greatest (Matthew 22:37-38). The call for undivided devotion is a reminder of the believer's primary allegiance to God, transcending cultural and societal distractions.

However, if someone thinks he is acting inappropriately toward his betrothed
In the cultural context of the first-century Greco-Roman world, betrothal was a formal engagement that was often as binding as marriage itself. The term "acting inappropriately" suggests a concern for maintaining moral integrity and social propriety. This reflects the biblical principle of honoring commitments and maintaining purity, as seen in passages like 1 Thessalonians 4:3-5, which emphasizes sanctification and abstaining from sexual immorality.

and if she is beyond her youth
The phrase "beyond her youth" indicates a woman who has reached an age where marriage is culturally expected. In ancient times, this often meant late teens or early twenties. The cultural expectation was for women to marry relatively young, and delaying marriage could lead to social stigma or economic disadvantage. This reflects the biblical understanding of marriage as a normative and honorable state (Hebrews 13:4).

and they ought to marry
The phrase "ought to marry" suggests a moral or practical obligation. In the biblical context, marriage is seen as a God-ordained institution (Genesis 2:24) and a means to fulfill God's command to be fruitful and multiply (Genesis 1:28). The decision to marry should be guided by wisdom and discernment, considering factors such as mutual love, commitment, and the ability to fulfill marital responsibilities.

let him do as he wishes; he is not sinning
This phrase underscores the freedom and personal responsibility in making the decision to marry. It aligns with the biblical teaching that marriage is a good and honorable choice (Proverbs 18:22). The assurance that "he is not sinning" provides comfort and clarity, affirming that marriage is a legitimate and righteous option for those who are betrothed.

they should get married
The directive "they should get married" reinforces the appropriateness of marriage in this situation. It reflects the biblical view that marriage is a covenant relationship designed by God for companionship, procreation, and mutual support (Ephesians 5:31-33). This instruction aligns with the broader scriptural narrative that values marriage as a reflection of Christ's relationship with the Church, highlighting themes of love, sacrifice, and unity.

But the man who is firmly established in his heart
This phrase emphasizes the importance of personal conviction and stability in decision-making. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses issues of marriage and singleness. The "man" here refers to someone who has a strong, unwavering commitment to his decision. Biblically, the heart is often seen as the center of will and emotion (Proverbs 4:23). This stability is crucial for making decisions that align with God's will, reflecting the biblical principle of being "double-minded" (James 1:8).

and under no constraint
This suggests that the decision is made freely, without external pressure or obligation. In the cultural context of Corinth, societal and familial pressures regarding marriage were significant. Paul emphasizes the importance of making decisions based on personal conviction rather than succumbing to societal norms or expectations. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of freedom in Christ (Galatians 5:1).

with control over his will
Self-control is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) and is essential for living a life that pleases God. The ability to control one's will indicates maturity and spiritual discipline. In the Greco-Roman world, self-control was also a valued virtue, often associated with wisdom and moral integrity. This phrase underscores the importance of self-mastery in making life decisions.

and resolve in his heart not to marry the virgin
The "virgin" likely refers to a betrothed woman or a daughter under the man's guardianship. The decision not to marry is presented as a valid and honorable choice, reflecting Paul's broader teaching on singleness and marriage in this chapter. This choice is not seen as inferior to marriage but as a legitimate option for those who feel called to it. The resolve in the heart indicates a deliberate and thoughtful decision, aligning with Paul's teaching that each person should live according to their calling (1 Corinthians 7:17).

he will do well
Paul concludes that the decision to remain unmarried is commendable. This reflects the broader biblical teaching that both marriage and singleness are gifts from God (1 Corinthians 7:7). The phrase "he will do well" suggests that the decision aligns with God's will and purpose for the individual. It also highlights the principle that what matters is not the state of being married or single, but living a life devoted to God (1 Corinthians 7:32-35).

So then, he who marries the virgin does well
In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul addresses issues of marriage and singleness. The phrase "he who marries the virgin does well" reflects the cultural and historical context of first-century Corinth, where marriage was a societal norm and often seen as a duty. The term "virgin" here refers to an unmarried woman, highlighting the cultural emphasis on purity before marriage. Biblically, marriage is honored (Hebrews 13:4), and Paul acknowledges that marrying is a good and honorable choice. This aligns with Genesis 2:24, where marriage is instituted by God.

but he who does not marry her does even better
Paul suggests that singleness can be preferable, especially in the context of serving the Lord without distraction (1 Corinthians 7:32-35). This reflects the eschatological urgency of the early church, anticipating Christ's return. Singleness allows for undivided devotion to God, echoing Jesus' own life and ministry. Paul’s advice is not a command but a recommendation based on the present circumstances (1 Corinthians 7:26). This perspective is consistent with the idea that one's status, whether married or single, should be used to glorify God (Colossians 3:17).

A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives.
This phrase reflects the biblical principle of marriage as a lifelong covenant, rooted in Genesis 2:24, where a man and woman become one flesh. The concept of being "bound" indicates a legal and spiritual commitment, emphasizing the sanctity and permanence of marriage. In the cultural context of the first-century Greco-Roman world, marriage was a binding contract, and this teaching aligns with Jewish law, which also viewed marriage as a lifelong obligation. The phrase underscores the seriousness of the marital bond, reflecting Jesus' teachings in Matthew 19:6, where He states that what God has joined together, no one should separate.

But if her husband dies,
This clause introduces the exception to the lifelong bond of marriage, acknowledging death as the only event that dissolves the marital covenant. In the historical context, widowhood was a significant social and economic challenge, often leaving women vulnerable. The Bible provides for the care of widows, as seen in passages like James 1:27, which calls for believers to look after widows in their distress. Theologically, this reflects the temporary nature of earthly relationships compared to the eternal nature of the believer's relationship with Christ.

she is free to marry anyone she wishes,
This part of the verse affirms the widow's autonomy and freedom to remarry, a significant statement in a patriarchal society where women's choices were often limited. The freedom to choose a new spouse highlights the grace and liberty found in Christ, as seen in Galatians 5:1, which speaks of the freedom believers have in Him. This freedom, however, is not without guidance, as the subsequent phrase provides a spiritual boundary for this choice.

as long as he belongs to the Lord.
This condition places a spiritual requirement on the widow's choice of a new husband, emphasizing the importance of shared faith in marriage. The phrase "belongs to the Lord" indicates a believer, aligning with the principle found in 2 Corinthians 6:14, which advises against being unequally yoked with unbelievers. This requirement ensures that the marriage will be grounded in a mutual commitment to Christ, fostering spiritual unity and growth. Theologically, it reflects the idea that marriage is not only a personal relationship but also a partnership in serving God's purposes.

In my judgment, however, she is happier if she remains as she is.
Paul is addressing the issue of remarriage for widows. In the context of 1 Corinthians 7, Paul discusses marriage, singleness, and celibacy, offering guidance to the Corinthian church. His advice is based on the present circumstances of the church, which faced persecution and societal challenges. The phrase "in my judgment" indicates Paul's personal opinion, yet it is informed by his apostolic authority and understanding of the Christian life. The idea that a widow "is happier if she remains as she is" suggests that singleness can offer a greater focus on spiritual matters without the distractions of marital responsibilities. This reflects the cultural context of the time, where marriage was often seen as a social obligation, but Paul emphasizes the value of undivided devotion to the Lord, as seen earlier in the chapter (1 Corinthians 7:32-35).

And I think that I too have the Spirit of God.
Paul asserts his confidence in his spiritual discernment, affirming that his guidance is not merely human wisdom but is influenced by the Holy Spirit. This statement underscores the authority of his teachings, aligning them with divine inspiration. The phrase reflects the broader biblical theme of the Holy Spirit guiding believers into truth (John 16:13). It also connects to the idea of spiritual gifts and discernment discussed in 1 Corinthians 12, where Paul elaborates on the role of the Spirit in the life of the church. By stating "I too have the Spirit of God," Paul aligns himself with other spiritual leaders and prophets who are led by the Spirit, reinforcing the legitimacy of his counsel to the Corinthians.