After this
This phrase indicates a transition from the events of the previous chapter, where Jesus was in Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles. It suggests a chronological progression in Jesus' ministry. The "after this" refers to the period following the miraculous feeding of the 5,000 and Jesus' teachings on being the Bread of Life, which caused many disciples to turn away.

Jesus traveled throughout Galilee
Galilee was a region in northern Israel, known for its fertile land and diverse population. It was less politically charged than Judea, making it a strategic location for Jesus to continue His ministry. Galilee was also the home region of many of Jesus' disciples, providing a supportive environment for His teachings and miracles. This area was prophesied in Isaiah 9:1-2 as a place where a great light would shine, fulfilled in Jesus' ministry.

He did not want to travel in Judea
Judea, in contrast to Galilee, was the center of Jewish religious and political life, with Jerusalem as its capital. Jesus' decision to avoid Judea at this time reflects His awareness of the growing hostility from the religious leaders. This choice demonstrates His wisdom in timing and strategy, as He often withdrew from potential danger until the appointed time for His crucifixion.

because the Jews there were trying to kill Him
The term "the Jews" in this context refers specifically to the Jewish religious leaders and authorities who opposed Jesus. Their hostility stemmed from His claims of divinity, His challenge to their authority, and His growing influence among the people. This animosity had been building since Jesus healed on the Sabbath and claimed equality with God (John 5:18). The plot to kill Jesus was a fulfillment of the prophetic suffering servant described in Isaiah 53, highlighting the increasing tension leading to His eventual crucifixion.

However,
This word indicates a contrast or shift in the narrative. In the context of John 7, it follows the tension between Jesus and the Jewish leaders, as well as His brothers' skepticism. This sets the stage for the events that will unfold during the Feast of Tabernacles.

the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles
The Feast of Tabernacles, also known as Sukkot, is one of the three major Jewish pilgrimage festivals. It commemorates the Israelites' 40 years of wandering in the desert and God's provision during that time. This feast involves dwelling in temporary shelters, or booths, as a reminder of the transient nature of life and God's protection. It is a time of great joy and celebration, marked by rituals such as the water-drawing ceremony and the lighting of lamps, which have deep spiritual significance. The feast also points to the future messianic age, where God will dwell with His people, as seen in Zechariah 14:16-19.

was near.
The timing of the feast is significant, as it occurs in the fall, around September or October. This indicates that the events in John 7 take place about six months before the Passover, which is when Jesus' crucifixion occurs. The nearness of the feast suggests an urgency and anticipation in the narrative, as Jesus' public ministry is reaching a critical point. The proximity of the feast also highlights the tension between Jesus' mission and the expectations of the Jewish people, as they await the fulfillment of messianic prophecies.

So Jesus’ brothers said to Him
The term "brothers" here refers to Jesus' half-brothers, the sons of Mary and Joseph, such as James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas (Matthew 13:55). At this point in the Gospel narrative, they did not believe in Him as the Messiah (John 7:5). This skepticism highlights the fulfillment of prophecy that a prophet is without honor in his own home (Mark 6:4). Their relationship with Jesus provides insight into the familial dynamics and the challenges Jesus faced even among His closest kin.

“Leave here and go to Judea
The brothers' suggestion for Jesus to go to Judea is significant because Judea, particularly Jerusalem, was the religious and cultural center of Jewish life. It was the location of the Temple and the site of major Jewish festivals. This request may have been made with a mix of skepticism and a desire for Jesus to prove Himself in a more public and influential setting. The journey from Galilee to Judea was a common pilgrimage route, especially during festivals, and it was a journey that Jesus often made during His ministry.

so that Your disciples there may see the works You are doing.
The brothers' mention of "disciples" indicates that Jesus had followers beyond the Twelve Apostles, including those in Judea. The emphasis on "works" refers to the miracles and signs Jesus performed, which were central to His ministry and served as evidence of His divine authority (John 10:25). This statement reflects a misunderstanding of Jesus' mission, as His works were not merely for public spectacle but to reveal the Kingdom of God and fulfill His Father's will. The brothers' suggestion underscores the tension between human expectations of the Messiah and Jesus' true purpose.

For no one who wants to be known publicly acts in secret.
This phrase reflects the cultural understanding of the time regarding public figures and their actions. In the ancient Near East, public recognition was often associated with honor and status. The brothers of Jesus, who spoke these words, were likely influenced by the prevailing cultural norms that valued public acknowledgment. This statement also highlights a misunderstanding of Jesus' mission, which was not to seek earthly fame but to fulfill divine purposes. The idea of acting in secret contrasts with the public ministry of Jesus, who often withdrew to solitary places to pray (Luke 5:16), emphasizing His focus on spiritual rather than worldly acclaim.

Since You are doing these things,
The "things" referred to here are the miracles and teachings of Jesus, which had already begun to attract attention throughout Judea and Galilee. His brothers recognized the significance of His works but failed to grasp their spiritual implications. This reflects a common theme in the Gospels where Jesus' actions are misunderstood by those closest to Him. The miracles served as signs pointing to His divine authority and messianic identity, as seen in John 2:11, where His first miracle at Cana revealed His glory.

show Yourself to the world.”
This phrase underscores the expectation that the Messiah would reveal Himself to the world in a dramatic and unmistakable way. The brothers' suggestion for Jesus to show Himself aligns with the Jewish expectation of a political and military leader who would liberate Israel. However, Jesus' mission was to reveal the Kingdom of God through His teachings, death, and resurrection. The call to "show Yourself" also foreshadows the ultimate revelation of Jesus to the world through His crucifixion and resurrection, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 53, which speak of the suffering servant. This statement reflects a limited understanding of Jesus' mission, which was not to gain worldly fame but to offer salvation to all humanity.

For even His own brothers
The term "brothers" here refers to Jesus' siblings, likely His half-brothers, the sons of Mary and Joseph. The Gospels mention James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas as His brothers. This familial relationship is significant because it highlights the humanity of Jesus, who grew up in a typical Jewish family setting. In Jewish culture, family ties were strong, and the expectation would be for family members to support one another. The mention of His brothers not believing in Him underscores the challenge Jesus faced in His ministry, even among those closest to Him.

did not believe in Him.
This phrase indicates a lack of faith or trust in Jesus' identity and mission. Despite witnessing His miracles and teachings, His brothers were skeptical. This disbelief is significant because it fulfills the prophecy that the Messiah would be rejected by His own people (Isaiah 53:3). It also highlights the theme of unbelief that runs throughout the Gospel of John, contrasting those who accept Jesus with those who do not. Later, after the resurrection, at least some of His brothers, notably James, came to believe in Him, as evidenced by James' leadership in the early church (Acts 15:13, Galatians 1:19). This transformation from disbelief to faith is a powerful testament to the impact of the resurrection and the work of the Holy Spirit.

Therefore Jesus told them
In this passage, Jesus is responding to His brothers, who were urging Him to go to Judea for the Feast of Tabernacles. The "therefore" connects His response to their suggestion, indicating a reasoned reply. Jesus often used such moments to teach deeper spiritual truths, emphasizing His divine mission and timing.

Although your time is always at hand
Jesus contrasts His divine mission with the worldly perspective of His brothers. Their "time" refers to their freedom to act according to their own desires and schedules. This reflects the human tendency to operate independently of God's timing and purpose. In a broader sense, it highlights the difference between human and divine perspectives on time and purpose.

My time has not yet come
This phrase underscores Jesus' awareness of His divine mission and the specific timing ordained by God. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus is conscious of the "hour" or "time" set by the Father for His actions, particularly His crucifixion and resurrection. This reflects the prophetic nature of His ministry, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. It also emphasizes His obedience to the Father's will, a key aspect of His role as the perfect servant and sacrifice.

The world cannot hate you
In this phrase, Jesus is speaking to His brothers, who at this point do not believe in Him. The "world" here refers to the system of human society that is opposed to God. Jesus indicates that His brothers are part of this world system, and therefore, the world does not hate them. This reflects the broader biblical theme that those who are aligned with worldly values and systems are not in conflict with it. In John 15:19, Jesus later tells His disciples that the world will hate them because they are not of the world, just as He is not.

but it hates Me
The world’s hatred of Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospels. This hatred stems from Jesus' divine nature and His mission to reveal the truth about God and humanity. The religious leaders and many others in society felt threatened by Jesus because He challenged their authority and exposed their hypocrisy. This animosity is prophesied in passages like Isaiah 53:3, which describes the Messiah as "despised and rejected by men." Jesus' presence and teachings were a direct challenge to the sinful nature of the world.

because I testify that its works are evil
Jesus' testimony about the world's evil works is a central reason for the world's hatred. His teachings and actions consistently exposed sin and called for repentance, which was uncomfortable and unwelcome to those who were entrenched in their ways. This aligns with the role of prophets in the Old Testament, who often faced persecution for speaking God's truth. Jesus, as the ultimate prophet, fulfills this role perfectly. His testimony is not just verbal but also demonstrated through His life and miracles, which reveal the righteousness of God and the sinfulness of humanity. This concept is echoed in John 3:19-20, where it is stated that people loved darkness rather than light because their deeds were evil.

Go up to the feast on your own.
In this passage, Jesus is speaking to His brothers, who were urging Him to go to the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. The Feast of Tabernacles, also known as Sukkot, was one of the three major Jewish festivals where pilgrimage to Jerusalem was customary. It commemorated the Israelites' wilderness wanderings and God's provision. Jesus' instruction for His brothers to go up on their own highlights His independence from human expectations and His commitment to divine timing. This moment underscores the tension between Jesus and His brothers, who did not yet believe in Him (John 7:5). It also reflects the broader theme of Jesus' mission being misunderstood by those closest to Him.

I am not going up to this feast,
Here, Jesus indicates His decision not to attend the feast publicly or in the manner His brothers expected. This statement reflects His awareness of the growing hostility from Jewish leaders and the potential danger of a public appearance (John 7:1). It also emphasizes His obedience to the Father's will rather than succumbing to external pressures. The phrase can be seen as a foreshadowing of His ultimate journey to Jerusalem for the Passover, where He would fulfill His mission through His death and resurrection.

because My time has not yet come.”
This phrase is pivotal in understanding Jesus' ministry and His submission to the Father's timing. The concept of "My time" refers to the divinely appointed moments in Jesus' life, particularly His crucifixion and glorification. Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus frequently refers to His "hour" or "time" as a way to indicate the unfolding of God's redemptive plan (John 2:4, John 12:23). This statement reveals Jesus' awareness of His mission and His commitment to fulfilling it according to God's perfect timing. It also highlights the theme of divine sovereignty and the fulfillment of prophecy, as Jesus' actions were in accordance with God's predetermined plan for salvation.

Having said this
This phrase refers to the preceding conversation Jesus had with His brothers, who were urging Him to go to Judea for the Feast of Tabernacles. His brothers did not yet believe in Him, and their suggestion was likely sarcastic or skeptical. This highlights the tension between Jesus and His family, a theme seen elsewhere in the Gospels (e.g., Mark 3:21, John 7:5). It also underscores the theme of divine timing, as Jesus often acted according to the Father's will rather than human expectations.

Jesus remained in Galilee
Galilee was a region in northern Israel, known for being less politically charged than Judea. Jesus often conducted His ministry here, performing miracles and teaching. This decision to stay in Galilee reflects His awareness of the growing hostility in Judea, particularly from the religious leaders who sought to kill Him (John 7:1). Galilee was also prophesied as a place of great light (Isaiah 9:1-2), fulfilled in Jesus' ministry. This setting emphasizes Jesus' strategic approach to His mission, balancing public ministry with necessary caution.

But after His brothers had gone up to the feast,
This phrase indicates a time sequence and a familial relationship. Jesus' brothers, likely referring to His half-brothers, were initially skeptical of His ministry (John 7:5). The feast mentioned is the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival held in Jerusalem, commemorating the Israelites' wilderness wanderings and God's provision. This feast required a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, highlighting the importance of the event in Jewish religious life.

He also went—
Despite His brothers' earlier disbelief, Jesus decides to attend the feast. This action demonstrates His commitment to fulfilling the Law and participating in Jewish customs. It also shows His strategic approach to His ministry, choosing the right moment to reveal Himself. His decision to go indicates His obedience to the Father’s timing and plan, aligning with His mission to reveal God’s truth.

not publicly,
Jesus' choice to go "not publicly" suggests a deliberate avoidance of drawing attention. This contrasts with His brothers' earlier suggestion that He should show Himself to the world (John 7:4). The public nature of the feast would have attracted many people, including religious leaders who were hostile towards Him. This decision reflects Jesus' awareness of the growing opposition and His intention to avoid premature confrontation.

but in secret.
Going "in secret" implies a level of discretion and caution. Jesus was aware of the threats against Him and the potential for conflict with the Jewish authorities. This approach allowed Him to control the timing and manner of His public appearances, ensuring that His actions aligned with the divine timeline. This secrecy also fulfills the prophetic nature of His mission, as He often revealed Himself progressively, in line with the unfolding of God’s redemptive plan.

So the Jews were looking for Him at the feast
The "Jews" here typically refers to the Jewish leaders and authorities, not the general populace. This was during the Feast of Tabernacles, one of the three major Jewish festivals, which required pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The feast commemorated the Israelites' wilderness wanderings and God's provision. The leaders were actively seeking Jesus, likely due to His growing influence and the threat they perceived to their authority. This search indicates their intent to confront or challenge Him, as tensions had been escalating due to His teachings and miracles.

and asking, “Where is He?”
Their inquiry suggests a sense of urgency and perhaps hostility. The leaders were aware of Jesus' impact and were concerned about His presence at such a significant event. This question also reflects the division among the people regarding Jesus' identity and mission. Some sought Him out of genuine interest or belief, while others, like the leaders, sought Him with suspicion or malice. This moment foreshadows the increasing opposition Jesus would face, ultimately leading to His crucifixion. The question "Where is He?" also echoes the spiritual search for the Messiah, a theme prevalent throughout the Gospels.

Many in the crowds were whispering about Him.
The setting is the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem, a major Jewish festival drawing large crowds. The whispering indicates a mix of curiosity and fear, as open discussion about Jesus was risky due to the religious leaders' opposition. This reflects the divided opinions and the secretive nature of discussions about Jesus at the time. The whispering also fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 53:3, where the Messiah is described as being despised and rejected by men.

Some said, “He is a good man.”
This statement reflects the view of those who saw Jesus' miracles and teachings as positive and beneficial. They recognized His moral integrity and compassion, aligning with the portrayal of Jesus as a righteous teacher. This perspective is consistent with the accounts of Jesus' life, where He healed the sick, fed the hungry, and taught with authority, as seen in Matthew 5-7 (the Sermon on the Mount).

But others replied, “No, He deceives the people.”
This accusation echoes the skepticism and hostility from the religious authorities who saw Jesus as a threat to their power and traditions. The charge of deception is significant, as it implies leading people away from the truth, a serious accusation in Jewish culture. This division among the people is a recurring theme in the Gospels, highlighting the fulfillment of prophecies like Psalm 118:22, where the stone the builders rejected becomes the cornerstone. The accusation of deception also foreshadows the later charges brought against Jesus leading to His crucifixion.

Yet no one would speak publicly about Him
This phrase highlights the atmosphere of tension and fear surrounding Jesus during the Feast of Tabernacles. The people were aware of the growing controversy about Jesus' identity and teachings. Public discourse about Him was avoided due to the potential repercussions from religious authorities. This reflects the broader theme in the Gospels of Jesus being a divisive figure, as seen in John 9:22, where the fear of being expelled from the synagogue silenced many believers. The reluctance to speak openly also underscores the secretive nature of early belief in Jesus, which would later be transformed into bold proclamation after the resurrection and Pentecost (Acts 2).

for fear of the Jews
In this context, "the Jews" refers primarily to the Jewish religious leaders, such as the Pharisees and the Sanhedrin, who were increasingly hostile towards Jesus. This fear was not unfounded, as these leaders had significant power to enforce religious and social consequences, including excommunication from the synagogue, which was a severe penalty in Jewish society. The fear of the Jews is a recurring theme in John's Gospel, illustrating the growing opposition Jesus faced from the established religious order. This opposition is part of the fulfillment of prophecies about the Messiah being rejected by His own people, as seen in Isaiah 53:3. The cultural and historical context of first-century Judea, under Roman occupation, also contributed to the tension, as the Jewish leaders were cautious of any movement that might attract Roman scrutiny or disrupt their tenuous peace.

About halfway through the feast
This phrase refers to the Feast of Tabernacles, also known as Sukkot, a major Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' wilderness wanderings and God's provision. It was one of the three pilgrimage feasts where Jewish males were required to appear in Jerusalem. The timing, "halfway through," indicates that Jesus chose a moment when the city was bustling with activity and the religious atmosphere was heightened, allowing His message to reach a wide audience.

Jesus went up to the temple courts
The temple courts were the outer areas of the Temple in Jerusalem, accessible to all people, including Gentiles. This setting was significant as it was a central place for teaching and discussion, where rabbis and teachers would often engage with the public. Jesus' presence here underscores His role as a teacher and His willingness to engage with the religious leaders and the people in a public forum. The temple was the heart of Jewish religious life, making it a strategic location for Jesus to reveal His teachings.

and began to teach
Jesus' teaching in the temple courts highlights His authority and wisdom, which often astonished those who heard Him. Unlike the scribes and Pharisees, Jesus taught with direct authority, often challenging traditional interpretations and focusing on the heart of the Law. His teachings were rooted in the Hebrew Scriptures, fulfilling prophecies and revealing deeper truths about God's kingdom. This act of teaching in the temple also foreshadows His role as the ultimate High Priest and the embodiment of God's Word.

The Jews were amazed
The reaction of amazement from the Jews highlights the extraordinary nature of Jesus' teachings. In the context of first-century Judaism, religious leaders and scholars were highly respected for their knowledge of the Scriptures and the Law. Jesus, who was not formally trained in the rabbinical schools, spoke with authority and wisdom that surpassed the expectations of the people. This amazement is a recurring theme in the Gospels, as seen in Matthew 7:28-29, where the crowds were astonished at His teaching because He taught as one having authority.

and asked, “How did this man attain such learning
The question reflects the cultural and educational norms of the time. Jewish education was centered around the Torah, and young boys would begin their studies at an early age. Advanced learning was typically reserved for those who studied under a rabbi. Jesus' profound understanding of the Scriptures without formal training was perplexing to the Jewish leaders. This scenario is reminiscent of Luke 2:46-47, where Jesus, as a young boy, was found in the temple courts, sitting among the teachers, listening to them, and asking questions, and all who heard Him were amazed at His understanding and His answers.

without having studied?”
This phrase underscores the divine nature of Jesus' wisdom. Unlike the scribes and Pharisees, who relied on human instruction and tradition, Jesus' knowledge was innate and divinely inspired. This aligns with the prophecy in Isaiah 11:2, which speaks of the Spirit of the Lord resting upon the Messiah, granting Him wisdom and understanding. Jesus' ability to teach without formal study serves as a testament to His identity as the Son of God, who embodies the Word made flesh (John 1:14).

My teaching is not My own,
In this phrase, Jesus emphasizes the divine origin of His teachings. This statement reflects the humility and submission of Jesus to the Father, highlighting the unity and distinct roles within the Trinity. It contrasts with the teachings of the religious leaders of the time, who often relied on human tradition and interpretation. This assertion also aligns with the prophetic role of Jesus as the ultimate prophet, as foretold in Deuteronomy 18:18, where God promises to raise up a prophet who will speak His words.

Jesus replied.
The context of this reply is crucial. Jesus is responding to the astonishment and questioning of the Jewish leaders and the crowd during the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. His response is a direct answer to their skepticism about His authority and the source of His wisdom. This setting in Jerusalem, a central place of Jewish worship and learning, underscores the significance of His declaration and the challenge it posed to the established religious order.

It comes from Him who sent Me.
Here, Jesus identifies God the Father as the source of His teachings, reinforcing His divine mission and authority. This statement is consistent with the theme throughout the Gospel of John, where Jesus frequently refers to being sent by the Father (e.g., John 5:23-24, 6:38-39). It underscores the intimate relationship between the Father and the Son and the divine mandate of Jesus' ministry. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical narrative of God sending messengers and prophets to His people, with Jesus as the ultimate fulfillment of this pattern.

If anyone desires to do His will
This phrase emphasizes the importance of a willing heart in discerning divine truth. The desire to do God's will is a prerequisite for understanding spiritual teachings. This aligns with the biblical principle that God reveals Himself to those who earnestly seek Him (Jeremiah 29:13). The concept of "His will" refers to God's divine plan and commandments, which are often revealed through Scripture and the guidance of the Holy Spirit. In the cultural context of Jesus' time, the Jewish people were familiar with the idea of seeking God's will through the Law and the Prophets.

he will know whether My teaching is from God
Here, Jesus asserts that genuine seekers of God's will can discern the divine origin of His teachings. This statement implies that spiritual insight is granted to those who are obedient and open to God's guidance. The claim that His teaching is from God is a direct assertion of His divine authority and messianic identity. This echoes the Old Testament prophecies about the coming Messiah who would teach God's truth (Deuteronomy 18:18). The historical context includes the skepticism Jesus faced from religious leaders who questioned His authority and origins.

or whether I speak on My own
This phrase addresses the possibility of Jesus speaking independently of divine authority. By contrasting His teachings with those who might speak on their own, Jesus highlights His unique relationship with the Father. In the cultural and historical context, many teachers and prophets claimed divine inspiration, but Jesus distinguishes Himself by asserting that His words are not self-derived but are directly from God. This distinction is crucial in understanding the nature of Jesus' ministry and His fulfillment of the role of the true prophet and teacher as foretold in Scripture.

He who speaks on his own authority seeks his own glory
This phrase highlights the contrast between self-promotion and divine mission. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, religious leaders often sought personal recognition and status. This is evident in the behavior of the Pharisees and Sadducees, who were known for their public displays of piety (Matthew 23:5-7). The phrase warns against the dangers of self-glorification, which can lead to pride and a departure from God's truth. It echoes the wisdom literature of the Old Testament, such as Proverbs 25:27, which cautions against seeking one's own honor.

but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him
This part of the verse refers to Jesus' mission to glorify God the Father. Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus emphasizes that He is sent by the Father (John 5:30, John 6:38). This mission is rooted in the prophetic tradition, where prophets were sent by God to deliver His message (Jeremiah 1:7). Jesus, as the ultimate fulfillment of the prophetic office, perfectly embodies this divine commission. His actions and teachings consistently point back to the Father, demonstrating His obedience and submission to God's will.

is a man of truth
The phrase "a man of truth" underscores the integrity and reliability of Jesus' character. In the biblical context, truth is not merely factual accuracy but aligns with God's nature and purposes. Jesus embodies truth, as He later declares, "I am the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). This concept of truth is deeply rooted in the Hebrew understanding of faithfulness and covenant loyalty (Psalm 25:10). Jesus' life and ministry are a testament to His unwavering commitment to God's truth.

in Him there is no falsehood
This final phrase affirms the sinlessness and moral perfection of Jesus. Unlike human leaders who may be prone to deceit or error, Jesus is without fault or deception. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that presents Jesus as the spotless Lamb of God (1 Peter 1:19). The absence of falsehood in Jesus is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah's righteousness (Isaiah 53:9). It also serves as a foundation for the trustworthiness of His teachings and the salvation He offers.

Has not Moses given you the law?
Moses is traditionally regarded as the lawgiver of Israel, having received the Law from God on Mount Sinai. This reference underscores the authority and reverence the Jewish people held for the Mosaic Law, which includes the Ten Commandments and other legal, moral, and ceremonial regulations found in the first five books of the Old Testament. The Law was central to Jewish identity and religious practice, serving as a covenant between God and His people. Jesus' question highlights the irony that those who claim to uphold the Law are failing to live by its true intent.

Yet not one of you keeps it.
This statement points to the hypocrisy of the religious leaders and the people who prided themselves on their adherence to the Law. Despite their outward observance, they failed to fulfill its deeper moral and spiritual requirements. This echoes the prophetic critiques found in the Old Testament, such as in Isaiah 29:13, where God condemns those who honor Him with their lips while their hearts are far from Him. Jesus often criticized the Pharisees and scribes for their legalism and lack of genuine righteousness (Matthew 23:23-28).

Why are you trying to kill Me?”
This question reveals the growing hostility towards Jesus from the Jewish leaders, who saw Him as a threat to their authority and traditions. The plot to kill Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospels, reflecting the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the suffering Messiah, such as Isaiah 53. Jesus' awareness of their intentions demonstrates His divine knowledge and foreshadows His eventual crucifixion. This also highlights the spiritual blindness of the leaders, who, despite their knowledge of the Law and the Prophets, failed to recognize Jesus as the promised Messiah.

“You have a demon,”
This accusation reflects the common misunderstanding and spiritual blindness of the people regarding Jesus' identity and mission. In the cultural context of the time, attributing someone's actions to demonic influence was a way to discredit them. This phrase also highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, who often accused Him of being in league with demonic forces (see Matthew 12:24). The crowd's statement reveals their inability to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, despite the signs and teachings He provided.

the crowd replied.
The crowd in this context likely consisted of a mix of local residents, religious leaders, and pilgrims attending the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. This diverse group had varying levels of understanding and belief about Jesus. The crowd's response indicates a lack of awareness of the plots against Jesus by the religious authorities, suggesting a disconnect between the leaders' intentions and the general populace's perception.

“Who is trying to kill You?”
This question demonstrates the crowd's ignorance of the growing hostility from the Jewish leaders, who were indeed plotting to kill Jesus (see John 5:18). It also reflects the disbelief and skepticism of the people, who could not fathom why anyone would want to harm someone who performed miracles and taught with authority. This question underscores the theme of misunderstanding and opposition that Jesus faced throughout His ministry, as well as the fulfillment of prophetic suffering foretold in passages like Isaiah 53.

Jesus answered them
In this context, Jesus is responding to the Jewish leaders and the crowd during the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. This festival was one of the three major Jewish feasts, drawing large crowds to the city. Jesus often used these gatherings to teach and reveal His identity. His response is part of a larger dialogue where He addresses the skepticism and hostility of the religious leaders. This phrase indicates a direct engagement with His audience, emphasizing His role as a teacher and authority.

I did one miracle
The miracle Jesus refers to is likely the healing of the man at the Pool of Bethesda on the Sabbath, as recorded in John 5:1-15. This act of healing was significant because it challenged the Jewish leaders' strict interpretation of the Sabbath laws. The miracle demonstrated Jesus' authority over the Sabbath and His divine power to heal, which was a sign of the coming Messianic age prophesied in Isaiah 35:5-6. This miracle was not just a display of power but a revelation of Jesus' identity as the Son of God.

and you are all amazed
The amazement of the people reflects the impact of Jesus' miraculous works and teachings. In the Jewish context, miracles were seen as signs of divine intervention. However, the amazement also highlights a division among the people: some were open to believing in Jesus as the Messiah, while others, particularly the religious leaders, were skeptical and even hostile. This amazement can be seen as a fulfillment of prophecies like Isaiah 29:14, where God promises to do a marvelous work that would astonish the people. Jesus' miracles were intended to lead people to faith, yet they also exposed the hardness of heart among those who refused to believe.

But because Moses gave you circumcision
Circumcision was a sign of the covenant between God and Abraham, as established in Genesis 17:10-14. Although the practice predates Moses, it was codified in the Mosaic Law, which the Israelites received at Mount Sinai. This phrase highlights the authority of Moses in Jewish tradition, as he is often seen as the lawgiver. The emphasis here is on the continuity of God's covenantal promises from Abraham through Moses, underscoring the importance of circumcision as a religious rite.

you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath
The act of circumcision on the eighth day after birth, even if it falls on the Sabbath, demonstrates the precedence of covenantal obligations over Sabbath restrictions. This practice illustrates the Jewish understanding that certain commandments, such as circumcision, are so vital that they override the Sabbath rest. This reflects the broader principle in Jewish law that life-preserving and covenant-affirming acts are permissible on the Sabbath.

(not that it is from Moses, but from the patriarchs.)
This parenthetical note clarifies that circumcision originated with the patriarchs, specifically Abraham, rather than with Moses. It serves to remind the audience of the ancient roots of this practice, which predates the Mosaic Law. By referencing the patriarchs, the text connects the practice of circumcision to the foundational figures of Israel's faith, emphasizing its deep historical and theological significance. This distinction also highlights the continuity of God's covenantal relationship with His people from the time of the patriarchs through the Mosaic era.

If a boy can be circumcised on the Sabbath
Circumcision was a sign of the covenant between God and Abraham, as established in Genesis 17:10-14. According to the Law of Moses, a male child was to be circumcised on the eighth day after birth (Leviticus 12:3). This command was so important that it was to be performed even if the eighth day fell on the Sabbath, highlighting the priority of covenantal law over Sabbath restrictions. This practice underscores the principle that certain religious obligations could supersede Sabbath rest, a point Jesus uses to challenge the Pharisees' understanding of the law.

so that the law of Moses will not be broken
The law of Moses, given to the Israelites, included both moral and ceremonial laws. Circumcision was a ceremonial law that was integral to Jewish identity and religious practice. By emphasizing that circumcision on the Sabbath was permissible to avoid breaking the law, Jesus points out the inconsistency in the Pharisees' application of the law. They allowed for the work of circumcision on the Sabbath to uphold the law, yet they criticized Jesus for healing, which was an act of mercy and restoration.

why are you angry with Me for making the whole man well on the Sabbath?
Jesus healed a man on the Sabbath, which the Pharisees viewed as a violation of Sabbath law (John 5:1-16). However, Jesus argues that healing is a work of God and aligns with the purpose of the Sabbath, which is to bring rest and restoration. By healing the "whole man," Jesus demonstrates His authority over the Sabbath and His role as the fulfillment of the law (Matthew 5:17). This act of healing is a type of the ultimate restoration Jesus offers, pointing to His messianic mission to bring spiritual and physical wholeness. The anger of the Pharisees reveals their misunderstanding of the law's intent and their failure to recognize Jesus as the Messiah.

Stop judging by outward appearances
This phrase addresses the tendency to make superficial judgments based on external factors. In the context of John 7, Jesus is speaking to a crowd in Jerusalem during the Feast of Tabernacles. The Jewish leaders were judging Him based on their legalistic interpretations and traditions rather than the truth of His teachings. This echoes 1 Samuel 16:7, where God tells Samuel not to consider appearance but to look at the heart. The cultural context of the time placed significant emphasis on external adherence to the Law, often neglecting the deeper spiritual truths. Jesus challenges this by urging a deeper, more discerning approach.

and start judging justly.
Here, Jesus calls for righteous judgment, which aligns with God's standards rather than human biases. This directive is consistent with the biblical principle of justice found throughout Scripture, such as in Deuteronomy 16:18-20, where judges are instructed to judge fairly. The call to judge justly is a call to discernment that goes beyond the surface, seeking truth and righteousness. This reflects the character of God, who is just and righteous in all His ways (Psalm 89:14). In the broader narrative of the Gospel, Jesus embodies perfect justice and calls His followers to reflect this in their lives.

Then some of the people of Jerusalem began to say,
This phrase indicates a specific group within the larger crowd present in Jerusalem. Jerusalem, being the religious and cultural center of Judaism, was a place where news and rumors spread quickly. The people of Jerusalem would have been more aware of the local religious leaders' intentions and discussions. This setting is significant as it highlights the tension between Jesus and the Jewish authorities. The phrase "began to say" suggests a growing awareness or realization among the people, indicating that Jesus' actions and teachings were causing a stir in the city.

“Isn’t this the man they are trying to kill?
This question reveals the underlying hostility and threat against Jesus from the Jewish leaders. The reference to "the man they are trying to kill" points to the growing plot against Jesus, which is rooted in earlier chapters where the religious leaders sought to arrest Him due to His claims and actions, such as healing on the Sabbath (John 5:16-18). This phrase also underscores the public knowledge of the leaders' intentions, suggesting that the conflict between Jesus and the authorities was not a secret. It reflects the fulfillment of prophetic themes where the Messiah would face opposition and rejection, as seen in passages like Isaiah 53. The question also highlights the irony and tension in the narrative, as Jesus, the source of life, is being targeted for death.

Yet here He is, speaking publicly
In this context, Jesus is in Jerusalem during the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival. Despite previous threats against Him, He speaks openly in the temple courts. This boldness contrasts with the secrecy His brothers suggested earlier (John 7:3-4). His public teaching fulfills the prophecy of the Messiah being a teacher and a prophet (Deuteronomy 18:15). The act of speaking publicly also demonstrates His authority and fearlessness, characteristics of the Messiah.

and they are not saying anything to Him.
The Jewish leaders, who previously sought to kill Jesus (John 7:1), are now silent. This silence could indicate their confusion or fear of the crowd, who were divided in their opinions about Jesus (John 7:12-13). The leaders' inaction may also reflect a divine restraint, allowing Jesus to fulfill His mission. This moment highlights the tension between Jesus' growing influence and the leaders' inability to counteract it effectively.

Have the rulers truly recognized that this is the Christ?
This question reflects the crowd's speculation about the leaders' motives. The term "Christ" refers to the Messiah, the anointed one prophesied in the Hebrew Scriptures. The crowd wonders if the leaders' silence means they acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah. This question underscores the messianic expectations of the time and the leaders' struggle to reconcile Jesus' actions and teachings with their understanding of the Messiah. The rulers' eventual rejection of Jesus (John 7:48) fulfills the prophecy of the Messiah being despised and rejected (Isaiah 53:3).

But we know where this man is from.
The people of Jerusalem were familiar with Jesus' earthly origins, knowing Him as Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph and Mary. This familiarity led to skepticism about His messianic claims. In Jewish tradition, the Messiah was expected to have a mysterious or unknown origin, which contributed to their doubt. This statement reflects a common misunderstanding of Jesus' divine nature and mission, as they focused on His human lineage rather than His heavenly origin. The Gospel of John frequently emphasizes Jesus' divine origin, as seen in John 1:1-14, where He is described as the Word made flesh.

When the Christ comes,
The term "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew "Messiah," meaning "Anointed One." Jewish expectations of the Messiah were varied, but many anticipated a political or military leader who would deliver Israel from Roman oppression and restore the kingdom of David. This expectation is rooted in Old Testament prophecies such as Isaiah 9:6-7 and Jeremiah 23:5-6. The people were looking for signs and wonders that would accompany the Messiah's arrival, as foretold in passages like Daniel 7:13-14.

no one will know where He is from.”
This belief likely stems from interpretations of prophetic texts like Malachi 3:1, which speaks of the Lord suddenly coming to His temple, and Isaiah 53:8, which suggests a mysterious aspect to the Messiah's origins. The idea of a hidden or unknown origin was part of the messianic expectation, contributing to the confusion about Jesus' identity. However, Jesus' true origin is divine, as He repeatedly claims to be sent from the Father (John 6:38, John 8:42). This misunderstanding highlights the tension between human expectations and divine revelation, a recurring theme in the Gospels.

Then Jesus, still teaching in the temple courts, cried out
The setting is the temple courts in Jerusalem during the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival. The temple was the center of Jewish religious life, and teaching there indicated authority and a public platform. Jesus crying out suggests urgency and the importance of His message. This public declaration in such a sacred space underscores His role as a teacher and prophet, challenging the religious leaders and the people.

You know Me, and you know where I am from
This statement addresses the common knowledge among the people about Jesus' earthly origins, specifically Nazareth in Galilee. However, it also hints at a deeper misunderstanding of His true divine origin. The people knew His family and background, but many failed to recognize His messianic identity. This reflects the tension between Jesus' human and divine nature, a theme throughout the Gospels.

I have not come of My own accord
Jesus emphasizes His divine mission and submission to the Father's will. This phrase highlights the concept of Jesus as the sent one, a recurring theme in the Gospel of John. It underscores His obedience and the divine plan of salvation. This aligns with prophecies such as Isaiah 61:1, where the Messiah is described as being sent by God.

but He who sent Me is true
Here, Jesus refers to God the Father, affirming His reliability and faithfulness. The truth of God contrasts with the misunderstanding and unbelief of the people. This statement also connects to John 1:14, where Jesus is described as full of grace and truth, embodying the Father's character.

You do not know Him
This is a direct challenge to the religious leaders and the people, highlighting their spiritual blindness and lack of true relationship with God. Despite their religious practices and knowledge of the Scriptures, they failed to recognize God's work through Jesus. This echoes the theme of spiritual insight versus blindness found throughout John's Gospel, such as in John 9:39-41.

but I know Him
This phrase emphasizes Jesus' unique and intimate knowledge of God the Father. Unlike the religious leaders and the general populace, Jesus claims a direct and personal relationship with God. This assertion aligns with the prologue of John's Gospel, where it is stated that "the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1). Jesus' knowledge of the Father is not merely intellectual but experiential, highlighting His divine nature and pre-existence. This claim would have been provocative to His audience, who prided themselves on their knowledge of God through the Law and the Prophets.

because I am from Him
Here, Jesus asserts His divine origin, indicating that He comes directly from God. This statement reflects the theological concept of the Incarnation, where Jesus, though fully human, is also fully divine. The phrase "I am from Him" suggests pre-existence and a heavenly origin, which is consistent with other passages in John, such as John 1:14, "The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us." This claim challenges the Jewish understanding of the Messiah as merely a human deliverer and points to Jesus' unique role in salvation history.

and He sent Me.”
This phrase underscores the mission and authority of Jesus. The concept of being "sent" by God is significant in the Gospel of John, as it implies divine commissioning and purpose. Jesus is not acting on His own initiative but is fulfilling the will of the Father. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative of prophets and messengers being sent by God to deliver His message, as seen in the Old Testament. However, Jesus is more than a prophet; He is the Son of God, sent to accomplish the work of redemption. This mission is further elaborated in John 3:17, "For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him."

So they tried to seize Him
This phrase indicates the growing hostility towards Jesus from the Jewish leaders. The context of John 7 reveals that Jesus was teaching at the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival. The leaders were threatened by His teachings and the influence He had on the people. This attempt to seize Him reflects the fulfillment of the prophecy in Psalm 2:1-2, where the nations conspire against the Lord and His Anointed. The opposition to Jesus is a recurring theme in the Gospels, highlighting the spiritual blindness and hardness of heart among the religious authorities.

but no one laid a hand on Him
Despite their intentions, the leaders were unable to arrest Jesus. This demonstrates the divine protection over Jesus and the sovereignty of God in the unfolding of His redemptive plan. It also reflects the theme of divine timing, as seen in other parts of Scripture, such as in the life of David, where God’s protection is evident despite human threats (1 Samuel 19:10). The inability to lay a hand on Jesus underscores the truth that God’s purposes cannot be thwarted by human actions.

because His hour had not yet come
This phrase is significant in the Gospel of John, where "His hour" refers to the appointed time for Jesus' crucifixion and glorification. Throughout John’s Gospel, there is a recurring emphasis on the timing of Jesus’ mission (John 2:4, John 12:23). This divine timetable is orchestrated by God, and not subject to human intervention. The concept of "His hour" also connects to the prophetic timeline of the Messiah’s suffering and ultimate victory, as foretold in Isaiah 53. Jesus’ awareness of His hour reflects His obedience to the Father’s will and His role as the sacrificial Lamb, fulfilling the types and shadows of the Old Testament sacrificial system.

Many in the crowd, however, believed in Him
This phrase highlights the division among the people regarding Jesus' identity. Despite the skepticism of some, many were convinced by His teachings and miracles. This belief is significant as it shows the impact of Jesus' ministry on the common people, contrasting with the religious leaders' opposition. The crowd's belief fulfills prophecies such as Isaiah 53:1, which speaks of the Messiah being revealed to those who are open-hearted.

and said, “When the Christ comes,
The use of "the Christ" indicates the expectation of a Messiah, a central hope in Jewish eschatology. The crowd's statement reflects their anticipation of a deliverer who would fulfill Old Testament prophecies, such as those found in Isaiah 9:6-7 and Micah 5:2. This expectation was deeply rooted in Jewish culture and history, as they awaited a figure who would restore Israel and bring peace.

will He perform more signs than this man?”
This rhetorical question underscores the recognition of Jesus' miraculous works, which were seen as evidence of His divine authority. The signs, including healings and other miracles, were meant to authenticate His claim as the Messiah. The crowd's question implies that Jesus' works were unparalleled, aligning with passages like John 20:30-31, which emphasize the purpose of Jesus' signs as leading to belief in Him as the Christ. The comparison to the expected Messiah suggests that Jesus' actions were already fulfilling messianic expectations, challenging the people to reconsider their understanding of the Messiah's identity and mission.

When the Pharisees heard the crowd whispering these things about Jesus
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. They often clashed with Jesus due to His teachings and actions, which challenged their authority and interpretations. The crowd's whispering indicates a growing interest and division among the people regarding Jesus' identity and mission. This murmuring reflects the tension and uncertainty among the populace, as some believed Jesus to be the Messiah, while others were skeptical. The Pharisees' concern was not just theological but also political, as any messianic claim could disrupt the fragile peace with Roman authorities.

they and the chief priests sent officers to arrest Him
The chief priests, primarily from the Sadducee sect, held significant power in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. Unlike the Pharisees, the Sadducees were more aligned with Roman interests and were concerned with maintaining their status and the temple's centrality. The collaboration between the Pharisees and chief priests, despite their theological differences, underscores the threat Jesus posed to the established religious order. The officers sent to arrest Jesus were likely temple guards, tasked with maintaining order in the temple precincts. This action foreshadows the increasing opposition Jesus faced, leading to His eventual crucifixion. The attempt to arrest Him highlights the fulfillment of prophecies regarding the suffering Messiah, as seen in passages like Isaiah 53.

So Jesus said,
This phrase introduces a direct statement from Jesus, emphasizing His authority and the importance of His words. In the context of John 7, Jesus is speaking during the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival. His teachings often challenged the religious leaders, and His words here are part of a larger discourse that reveals His divine mission and identity.

“I am with you only a little while longer,
Jesus is foreshadowing His impending crucifixion and departure from the world. This statement highlights the urgency of His mission and the limited time the people have to accept His message. It reflects the theme of Jesus' earthly ministry being temporary, as seen in other passages like John 12:35, where He urges people to walk in the light while they have it.

and then I am going
This indicates a transition from His earthly ministry to His return to the Father. It underscores the divine plan and Jesus' obedience to it. The use of "going" suggests a purposeful departure, aligning with His role as the obedient Son fulfilling the Father's will, as seen in Philippians 2:8-9.

to the One who sent Me.
This phrase affirms Jesus' divine origin and mission. It connects to the broader Johannine theme of Jesus being sent by the Father, as seen in John 3:17 and John 5:24. It emphasizes His unique relationship with God, His pre-existence, and His return to the Father, fulfilling the prophecies and typologies of the Messiah as the sent one, such as in Isaiah 61:1.

You will look for Me
This phrase indicates a future search for Jesus, suggesting a time when His presence will be sought after but not found. In the context of John 7, Jesus is speaking to the Jewish leaders who are questioning His authority and identity. This search can be seen as both a literal and spiritual pursuit. Historically, after Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection, many would seek understanding of His teachings and the truth of His identity. This echoes prophetic themes found in Amos 8:11-12, where a famine of hearing the words of the Lord is described. Theologically, it underscores the urgency of recognizing Jesus during His earthly ministry and the limited time of His physical presence.

but you will not find Me
This part of the verse highlights the inability of the Jewish leaders to find Jesus, not just physically, but spiritually. Their lack of faith and understanding prevents them from truly knowing Him. This reflects the broader theme in the Gospel of John of spiritual blindness and misunderstanding. The inability to find Jesus is not due to His absence, but rather their own spiritual condition. This is reminiscent of Isaiah 6:9-10, where the people's hearts are hardened, preventing them from perceiving God's truth.

and where I am, you cannot come.”
Here, Jesus refers to His return to the Father, a place inaccessible to those who do not believe in Him. This statement foreshadows His ascension and the heavenly realm, which is reserved for those who follow Him. It emphasizes the separation between belief and unbelief, a recurring theme in John's Gospel. Theologically, it points to the exclusivity of salvation through Christ, as seen in John 14:6, where Jesus declares Himself the way, the truth, and the life. This phrase also serves as a warning to the listeners about the consequences of rejecting Him, aligning with the eschatological themes of judgment and eternal separation from God.

At this, the Jews said to one another
This phrase indicates a reaction from the Jewish leaders or people present. The context is a public discussion about Jesus' teachings and identity. The Jews often refers to the religious leaders who were skeptical of Jesus. This internal dialogue reflects their confusion and misunderstanding of Jesus' mission.

“Where does He intend to go that we will not find Him?
The Jews are puzzled by Jesus' statement about going somewhere they cannot follow. This reflects their limited understanding of His divine mission and foreshadows His eventual ascension to heaven. It also highlights their earthly perspective, unable to grasp the spiritual implications of His words.

Will He go where the Jews are dispersed among the Greeks,
This refers to the Jewish Diaspora, the scattering of Jews outside of Israel, particularly in Hellenistic regions. Historically, many Jews lived in Greek-speaking areas, a result of various exiles and migrations. This dispersion is significant in understanding the spread of early Christianity, as these communities often became initial audiences for the Gospel.

and teach the Greeks?
The mention of teaching the Greeks suggests a broader mission beyond the Jewish people, hinting at the inclusion of Gentiles in God's plan. This foreshadows the Great Commission and the spread of Christianity to non-Jewish populations. It also connects to prophecies about the Messiah being a light to the Gentiles, as seen in Isaiah 49:6.

What does He mean by saying,
This phrase reflects the confusion and curiosity of the Jewish leaders and the crowd regarding Jesus' teachings. Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus often speaks in ways that are not immediately clear to His listeners, using parables and metaphors. This method of teaching fulfills the prophecy in Isaiah 6:9-10, where God tells Isaiah that people will hear but not understand. Jesus' words often require spiritual discernment, which many of His listeners lack.

‘You will look for Me, but you will not find Me,’
This statement can be understood in the context of Jesus' impending crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension. After these events, the Jewish leaders and others who rejected Him would seek a Messiah, but they would not find Him because they failed to recognize Him when He was among them. This echoes the theme of spiritual blindness found in John 1:10-11, where Jesus came to His own, but His own did not receive Him. It also foreshadows the separation between believers and non-believers, as those who do not accept Jesus will ultimately be unable to find Him.

and, ‘Where I am, you cannot come’?”
This phrase indicates the heavenly realm where Jesus will return after His resurrection. It underscores the separation between those who believe in Jesus and those who do not. In John 14:2-3, Jesus speaks of preparing a place for His followers, implying that only those who believe in Him can join Him in the Father's house. This statement also highlights the exclusivity of salvation through Christ, as seen in John 14:6, where Jesus declares Himself the way, the truth, and the life. The inability to come where Jesus is points to the spiritual and eternal consequences of rejecting Him.

On the last and greatest day of the feast
This phrase refers to the Feast of Tabernacles, also known as Sukkot, a significant Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' wilderness journey and God's provision. The "last and greatest day" is the climax of the feast, known as Hoshana Rabbah. During this time, water-drawing ceremonies were performed, symbolizing prayers for rain and spiritual refreshment. This context highlights the importance of Jesus' proclamation, as water was a central theme of the festival.

Jesus stood up and called out in a loud voice
In the context of Jewish teaching, rabbis typically sat while teaching. Jesus standing up signifies the importance and urgency of His message. His loud voice indicates a public declaration meant for all to hear, emphasizing the significance of His invitation. This act of standing and calling out breaks with traditional teaching methods, underscoring the authority and urgency of His message.

If anyone is thirsty
Thirst here symbolizes spiritual longing and need. In the arid climate of Israel, physical thirst was a common experience, making it a powerful metaphor for spiritual desire. This invitation is inclusive, addressing "anyone" who recognizes their spiritual need. It echoes Old Testament themes, such as Isaiah 55:1, where God invites the thirsty to come and drink freely.

let him come to Me and drink
Jesus positions Himself as the source of spiritual fulfillment, offering what the water ceremonies symbolized: true spiritual refreshment and life. This invitation to "come" and "drink" implies an active response of faith and trust in Jesus. It connects to other scriptural themes, such as John 4:14, where Jesus speaks of providing living water that quenches spiritual thirst eternally. This statement also foreshadows the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, as later explained in John 7:39.

Whoever believes in Me
This phrase emphasizes the universal invitation and promise of Jesus. Belief in Jesus is central to Christian faith, and this statement underscores the necessity of personal faith in Him. The context of this passage is during the Feast of Tabernacles, a time when water ceremonies were significant, symbolizing God's provision. Belief in Jesus is not just intellectual assent but involves trust and reliance on Him as the Messiah. This invitation is open to all, transcending ethnic and cultural boundaries, aligning with the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20).

as the Scripture has said
This phrase indicates that Jesus is referencing the Hebrew Scriptures, though no specific verse is directly quoted. It suggests a synthesis of Old Testament themes, such as the life-giving water in Isaiah 44:3 and Ezekiel 47:1-12, where water symbolizes the Spirit and blessing. The use of "Scripture" affirms the authority and continuity of the Old Testament in revealing God's plan, fulfilled in Christ. It also highlights Jesus' role as the fulfillment of prophetic expectation.

‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’”
This imagery of "streams of living water" is rich with biblical symbolism. In the ancient Near East, water was a precious resource, essential for life, and often used metaphorically for spiritual sustenance and the Holy Spirit. The phrase "living water" recalls Jesus' conversation with the Samaritan woman in John 4:10-14, where He offers water that leads to eternal life. The promise of water flowing "from within him" suggests the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, which believers receive, as further explained in John 7:39. This internal transformation results in outward expressions of life and blessing, echoing the transformative power of the Spirit prophesied in Joel 2:28-29.

He was speaking about the Spirit
In this passage, "the Spirit" refers to the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity. The Holy Spirit's role is significant in the New Testament, acting as a comforter, guide, and source of power for believers. Jesus frequently spoke about the coming of the Holy Spirit, particularly in the Gospel of John (John 14:16-17, 26; 16:7-15). The Spirit's work is to convict the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment, and to guide believers into all truth.

whom those who believed in Him were later to receive
This phrase indicates a future event for the disciples and early believers. The reception of the Holy Spirit is a promise fulfilled at Pentecost, as recorded in Acts 2. This event marked the beginning of the Church and the empowerment of believers to spread the Gospel. The Holy Spirit's indwelling presence is a distinctive feature of the New Covenant, contrasting with the Old Testament, where the Spirit came upon individuals temporarily for specific tasks.

For the Spirit had not yet been given
At this point in Jesus' ministry, the Holy Spirit had not been given in the way that would occur after Jesus' ascension. In the Old Testament, the Spirit's presence was selective and temporary, but the New Testament promises a permanent indwelling for all believers. This giving of the Spirit is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Joel 2:28-29, which speaks of God pouring out His Spirit on all people.

because Jesus had not yet been glorified
The glorification of Jesus refers to His death, resurrection, and ascension. It is through these events that Jesus completed His work of salvation, making it possible for the Holy Spirit to be given to believers. Jesus' glorification is a central theme in the Gospel of John, where His crucifixion is paradoxically seen as the moment of His exaltation (John 12:23-33). The sending of the Spirit is contingent upon Jesus' return to the Father, as He explained in John 16:7.

On hearing these words
This phrase refers to the reaction of the crowd to Jesus' teachings during the Feast of Tabernacles. The context is important: Jesus had been teaching in the temple courts, and His words were causing division among the people. The "words" likely refer to His declaration about living water (John 7:37-39), which was a profound statement about the Holy Spirit and His role in believers' lives. This teaching would have resonated deeply with the Jewish audience familiar with Old Testament imagery of water as a symbol of spiritual life and blessing (Isaiah 44:3, Ezekiel 36:25-27).

some of the people said
The crowd was divided in their opinions about Jesus. This division is a recurring theme in the Gospels, highlighting the varied responses to Jesus' ministry. The people were grappling with His identity, trying to reconcile His teachings and miracles with their expectations of the Messiah. This division is indicative of the broader Jewish expectation and confusion regarding the coming of the Messiah and the Prophet like Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15-18).

“This is truly the Prophet.”
The reference to "the Prophet" is significant. In Deuteronomy 18:15-18, Moses spoke of a future prophet whom God would raise up, and many Jews in Jesus' time were expecting this figure to appear. The people’s identification of Jesus as "the Prophet" shows their recognition of His authoritative teaching and miraculous works, which reminded them of Moses. However, there was still confusion about whether "the Prophet" and the Messiah were the same person or two distinct figures. This statement reflects the people's struggle to understand Jesus' true identity, as He fulfilled both roles: the Prophet like Moses and the Messiah.

Others declared, “This is the Christ.”
This phrase reflects the division among the people regarding Jesus' identity. The term "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew "Messiah," meaning "Anointed One." In the Jewish context, the Messiah was expected to be a deliverer and king, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies such as those found in Isaiah 9:6-7 and Micah 5:2. The declaration by some that Jesus is the Christ indicates their belief that He fulfills these messianic prophecies. This belief is supported by Jesus' teachings, miracles, and authority, which align with the expectations of the Messiah as a spiritual and, for some, a political leader.

But still others asked, “How can the Christ come from Galilee?”
This question highlights the skepticism and misunderstanding about Jesus' origins. Galilee was a region in northern Israel, often looked down upon by Judeans for its mixed population and distance from the religious center of Jerusalem. The question reflects a common belief that the Messiah would come from Bethlehem, as prophesied in Micah 5:2, which states that the ruler of Israel would come from Bethlehem, the city of David. This skepticism is rooted in a lack of knowledge about Jesus' birth in Bethlehem (Matthew 2:1) and His Davidic lineage (Luke 2:4). The question also underscores the theme of Jesus being a stumbling block to those who rely solely on human understanding and preconceived notions, as seen in 1 Corinthians 1:23.

Doesn’t the Scripture say
This phrase indicates a reference to the Hebrew Scriptures, which Christians refer to as the Old Testament. The question suggests a common understanding or expectation among the Jewish people regarding the Messiah's origins. This reflects the importance of scriptural authority in Jewish tradition and the expectation that the Messiah would fulfill specific prophecies.

that the Christ will come from the line of David
The expectation that the Messiah would be a descendant of King David is rooted in several Old Testament prophecies. Key passages include 2 Samuel 7:12-16, where God promises David that his throne will be established forever, and Isaiah 11:1, which speaks of a shoot coming from the stump of Jesse, David's father. This lineage is significant because it ties the Messiah to the Davidic covenant, emphasizing the continuity of God's promises and the legitimacy of the Messiah's claim to the throne of Israel.

and from Bethlehem,
Bethlehem, a small town in Judea, is significant as the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah. This is based on Micah 5:2, which states that out of Bethlehem will come a ruler for Israel. Bethlehem's mention underscores the fulfillment of prophecy and highlights the humble origins of the Messiah, contrasting with the expectations of a grandiose arrival. Bethlehem's historical and geographical context as the "City of David" further cements its importance in messianic expectations.

the village where David lived?”
This phrase connects the Messiah not only to David's lineage but also to his geographical roots. David was born and anointed in Bethlehem, as recorded in 1 Samuel 16. The reference to Bethlehem as "the village where David lived" reinforces the messianic expectation that the Messiah would mirror David's life in significant ways, including his humble beginnings and eventual rise to kingship. This connection to David's life serves as a typology of Jesus Christ, who, like David, would be a shepherd to His people and a king, albeit in a spiritual and eternal sense.

So there was division in the crowd
The division among the people reflects the varied responses to Jesus' teachings and identity. This division is a recurring theme in the Gospels, highlighting the polarizing effect of Jesus' ministry. In the Jewish context, the crowd would have been familiar with the Messianic prophecies, yet their expectations of a political or military Messiah clashed with Jesus' spiritual mission. This division is reminiscent of the prophecy in Isaiah 8:14, where the Messiah is described as a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense, causing many to fall.

because of Jesus.
The cause of the division is explicitly linked to Jesus Himself, underscoring His role as a catalyst for decision and belief. Jesus' claims about His identity, such as being the "bread of life" (John 6:35) and the "light of the world" (John 8:12), challenged the religious leaders and the crowd's understanding of God and the Law. This division is not merely a social or political disagreement but a spiritual one, as Jesus' presence and message demand a response. The division also fulfills the prophecy of Simeon in Luke 2:34, where Jesus is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and a sign that will be spoken against.

Some of them wanted to seize Him
This phrase indicates the growing tension and division among the people regarding Jesus' identity and mission. The context of John 7 is the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival, where Jesus was teaching in the temple courts. The desire to seize Him reflects the hostility from some Jewish leaders and individuals who saw Jesus as a threat to their authority and religious traditions. This animosity is rooted in earlier confrontations, such as in John 5:18, where Jesus' claims of equality with God incited anger. The desire to seize Him also fulfills the prophetic tension seen in Psalm 2:1-3, where the nations conspire against the Lord's Anointed.

but no one laid a hand on Him
Despite the intent to capture Jesus, divine providence prevented any harm from coming to Him at this time. This restraint can be seen as a fulfillment of God's sovereign plan, as Jesus' hour had not yet come (John 7:30). The inability to seize Him underscores the theme of divine protection and timing throughout the Gospels. It also highlights Jesus' authority and control over the situation, as seen in other instances where He eludes capture or harm until the appointed time (John 8:20, John 10:39). This phrase connects to the broader biblical narrative of God's protection over His chosen servants, as seen in the lives of figures like David and Daniel.

Then the officers returned to the chief priests and Pharisees
The officers mentioned here were likely the temple guards, who were tasked with maintaining order in the temple and its surroundings. These guards were under the authority of the chief priests and Pharisees, the religious leaders of the time. The chief priests were primarily Sadducees, who held significant power in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. The Pharisees, on the other hand, were a religious sect known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. This collaboration between the two groups highlights the unified opposition against Jesus, despite their usual theological differences. The officers returning without Jesus indicates a significant moment of hesitation or conviction, as they were expected to arrest Him.

who asked them, “Why didn’t you bring Him in?”
The question posed by the chief priests and Pharisees reveals their expectation and urgency to arrest Jesus. This reflects the growing tension and threat they felt from His teachings and popularity among the people. The religious leaders were increasingly concerned about Jesus' influence, which challenged their authority and interpretation of the Law. This moment is pivotal as it demonstrates the officers' reluctance or inability to carry out the arrest, possibly due to Jesus' authoritative teaching or the fear of public backlash. This incident is a precursor to the eventual arrest and crucifixion of Jesus, fulfilling the prophecies of the suffering Messiah, as seen in passages like Isaiah 53.

Never has anyone spoken like this man!
The officers, who were sent by the chief priests and Pharisees to arrest Jesus, were struck by His words. This statement highlights the unparalleled authority and wisdom with which Jesus spoke. In the Jewish tradition, rabbis and teachers often quoted other authorities to support their teachings, but Jesus spoke with inherent authority, as seen in Matthew 7:28-29, where the crowds were amazed at His teaching because He taught as one who had authority. This phrase underscores the divine nature of Jesus' message, setting Him apart from all other religious leaders of His time.

the officers answered.
These officers were likely part of the temple guard, a group responsible for maintaining order in the temple precincts. Their response indicates that even those tasked with enforcing the religious leaders' directives were moved by Jesus' words. This reaction is significant because it demonstrates that Jesus' message transcended social and religious boundaries, reaching the hearts of those who were not His followers. The officers' inability to carry out their orders reflects the power of Jesus' presence and teaching, which often left His listeners in awe and unable to refute His wisdom, as seen in other instances like John 8:3-11, where Jesus' response to the accusers of the adulterous woman left them speechless.

Have you also been deceived?
The Pharisees' question reflects their disbelief and disdain for those who were beginning to believe in Jesus. This phrase highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders of the time. The Pharisees were the religious elite, known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. They viewed Jesus as a threat to their authority and influence. The use of the word "deceived" suggests that they believed Jesus was misleading the people, a common accusation against prophets who challenged the status quo. This echoes the skepticism seen in other parts of the Gospels, where religious leaders question Jesus' authority and teachings (e.g., Matthew 12:24, Mark 3:22).

replied the Pharisees.
The Pharisees were a prominent Jewish sect during the Second Temple period, known for their emphasis on purity laws and oral traditions. Their reply indicates a defensive posture, as they were concerned about maintaining their control over religious interpretation and practice. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in the synagogues and among the common people, which made their opposition to Jesus significant. Their response here is part of a broader narrative of conflict between Jesus and the religious authorities, which ultimately leads to His crucifixion. This interaction is a precursor to the growing hostility that Jesus faces, as seen in later chapters of John and the Synoptic Gospels.

Have any of the rulers or Pharisees believed in Him?
This question is posed by the Pharisees as they express skepticism about Jesus' legitimacy. The "rulers" likely refer to members of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council, which included both Pharisees and Sadducees. The Pharisees were a religious group known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. Their question implies that belief in Jesus among the religious elite would lend credibility to His claims. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in Jewish society, often seen as the protectors of Jewish law and tradition. Their resistance to Jesus highlights the tension between Jesus' teachings and the established religious order.

The question also reflects a broader theme in the Gospel of John, where belief and unbelief are central motifs. The Pharisees' disbelief contrasts with the faith of the common people and some individuals within the ruling class, such as Nicodemus, who is mentioned earlier in John 3. Nicodemus, a Pharisee himself, shows curiosity and a degree of openness to Jesus' message, indicating that not all Pharisees were entirely dismissive of Him.

This passage also connects to the theme of spiritual blindness versus sight, a recurring concept in John's Gospel. The Pharisees' question reveals their spiritual blindness, as they fail to recognize Jesus as the Messiah despite the signs and teachings He provides. This blindness is contrasted with the spiritual insight granted to those who believe in Jesus, regardless of their social or religious status.

In the broader biblical narrative, this moment foreshadows the eventual division among the Jewish leaders regarding Jesus. While many Pharisees and rulers reject Him, others, like Joseph of Arimathea, later come to believe. This division is part of the fulfillment of prophecies about the Messiah being a stumbling block to some and a cornerstone to others, as seen in passages like Isaiah 8:14 and Psalm 118:22.

Overall, this question underscores the challenge Jesus faced from the religious authorities and sets the stage for the growing conflict that would lead to His crucifixion. It also invites readers to consider the nature of true belief and the barriers that can prevent individuals from recognizing and accepting the truth of Jesus' identity and mission. But this crowd
The term "crowd" refers to the general populace present during Jesus' ministry. In the context of John 7, the crowd consists of Jewish people gathered in Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles. This festival was one of the three major Jewish feasts, drawing large numbers of people to the city. The crowd's diverse composition included those who were curious about Jesus, those who believed in Him, and those who were skeptical or hostile.

that does not know the law
The "law" here refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which were central to Jewish religious life. The Pharisees, who are speaking in this verse, prided themselves on their knowledge and interpretation of the law. They viewed themselves as the guardians of religious orthodoxy. The statement implies a disdain for the common people, whom the Pharisees considered ignorant of the law's intricacies. This reflects a broader cultural divide between the religious elite and the laypeople, who often lacked formal education in the Scriptures.

they are under a curse
The idea of being "under a curse" is rooted in Deuteronomy 27-28, where blessings and curses are pronounced based on obedience or disobedience to God's law. The Pharisees' statement suggests that ignorance of the law equates to being cursed, as they believed that proper knowledge and observance of the law were necessary for God's favor. This reflects a legalistic perspective, contrasting with Jesus' teaching that emphasized the spirit of the law and the importance of faith and grace. The Pharisees' view also highlights their misunderstanding of Jesus' mission, which was to fulfill the law and offer salvation to all, regardless of their social or educational status.

Nicodemus
Nicodemus is a Pharisee and a member of the Jewish ruling council, the Sanhedrin. His name, of Greek origin, means "victory of the people." He is mentioned only in the Gospel of John, indicating his unique role in the narrative. As a Pharisee, Nicodemus would have been well-versed in the Hebrew Scriptures and Jewish law, which is significant in understanding his interactions with Jesus.

who had gone to Jesus earlier
This refers to an earlier encounter in John 3, where Nicodemus visits Jesus at night. This nighttime visit suggests a desire for privacy, possibly due to fear of being seen with Jesus, who was controversial among the Jewish leaders. During this meeting, Jesus speaks to Nicodemus about being "born again," introducing the concept of spiritual rebirth. This earlier interaction sets the stage for Nicodemus's developing understanding and eventual defense of Jesus.

and who himself was one of them
Nicodemus is identified as one of the Jewish leaders, specifically a member of the Sanhedrin. This council was the highest Jewish authority in religious and legal matters. His position indicates that he had significant influence and was part of the group that often opposed Jesus. However, his actions in this passage show a willingness to question the prevailing attitudes of his peers.

asked
Nicodemus's questioning nature is consistent with his earlier encounter with Jesus. His willingness to ask questions reflects a search for truth and understanding, which is a recurring theme in the Gospel of John. This moment is significant as it shows Nicodemus beginning to publicly challenge the actions of his fellow leaders, indicating a shift in his perspective and a growing boldness in his faith journey.

Does our law convict a man
This phrase refers to the Jewish legal system, which was based on the Mosaic Law. The law emphasized justice and fairness, requiring evidence and testimony before a conviction. This reflects the principle found in Deuteronomy 1:16-17, where judges are instructed to hear cases fairly. The question posed here highlights the importance of due process, a concept that is foundational in both ancient and modern legal systems.

without first hearing from him
The requirement to hear from the accused is rooted in the legal traditions of ancient Israel, where a fair trial was essential. This principle is echoed in Exodus 23:1-3, which warns against spreading false reports and emphasizes impartiality. The practice of hearing from the accused ensures that justice is not only done but seen to be done, preventing wrongful convictions.

to determine what he has done?
This part of the verse underscores the need for a thorough investigation to establish the facts of a case. It aligns with the biblical mandate for truth and justice, as seen in Proverbs 18:13, which warns against answering a matter before hearing it. The emphasis on determining the actions of the accused reflects a commitment to truth, ensuring that judgments are based on evidence rather than assumptions or hearsay.

“Aren’t you also from Galilee?” they replied.
This phrase is spoken by the Pharisees in response to Nicodemus, who had questioned their judgment of Jesus without a fair hearing. The mention of Galilee is significant because Galilee was a region in northern Israel, often looked down upon by the Judean religious elite. It was considered less sophisticated and more rural. The Pharisees' question implies a dismissive attitude, suggesting that being from Galilee is a discredit. This reflects the cultural and social prejudices of the time, where regional biases were prevalent. Galilee was also the area where Jesus spent much of His ministry, and many of His disciples were from there, which further fueled the Pharisees' disdain.

“Look into it, and you will see that no prophet comes out of Galilee.”
This statement reflects a misunderstanding or deliberate oversight by the Pharisees. While they assert that no prophet arises from Galilee, this is not entirely accurate. The prophet Jonah was from Gath-hepher, a town in Galilee (2 Kings 14:25). Additionally, Isaiah 9:1-2 prophesies that a great light would come from Galilee, which Christians interpret as a reference to the Messiah. The Pharisees' claim also ignores the broader biblical narrative that God often chooses unlikely places and people to fulfill His purposes. This statement highlights their spiritual blindness and unwillingness to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, despite the evidence of His works and fulfillment of prophecy.

Then
This word indicates a conclusion or transition from the preceding events. In the context of John 7, Jesus had been teaching at the Feast of Tabernacles, a significant Jewish festival. The use of "then" suggests a shift from the public discourse and debate about Jesus' identity to a more private setting.

each
The term "each" refers to the individuals present at the scene, likely including the crowd, religious leaders, and possibly the disciples. This highlights the personal decision of every individual to leave the public gathering. It underscores the varied responses to Jesus' teachings, as some were intrigued, others skeptical, and some hostile.

went
The action of going implies a departure from the temple area where Jesus had been teaching. This movement signifies the end of a significant moment of public teaching and interaction. It also reflects the normalcy of returning to daily life after a religious festival, a common practice in Jewish culture.

to his own home
This phrase indicates a return to personal and private spaces. In the Jewish context, the home was a place of family, rest, and reflection. The mention of "his own home" suggests a return to familiar surroundings where individuals could ponder the events and teachings they had witnessed. It also contrasts with Jesus, who often had no place to lay His head, highlighting His unique mission and sacrifice. This phrase can also be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual state of individuals, as some may have returned unchanged, while others may have been deeply affected by Jesus' words.