Lexical Summary horaó: To see, perceive, attend to Original Word: ὁράω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance behold, perceive, seeProperly, to stare at (compare optanomai), i.e. (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension, to attend to; by Hebraism, to experience; passively, to appear -- behold, perceive, see, take heed. see GREEK optanomai HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception). [The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, "see." The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, "see."] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. verb Definition to see, perceive, attend to NASB Translation appear (2), appeared (21), appearing (1), behold (3), beware (1), certainly seen (1), do (2), look (5), look after (1), looked (12), perceive (3), recognizing (1), saw (180), see (129), seeing (20), seen (63), seen...see (1), sees (2), suffer (1), undergo (3), underwent (1), watch (2), witnessed (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 3708: ό᾿πτωό᾿πτω, see ὁράω. STRONGS NT 3708: ὁράωὁράω, ὁρῶ; imperfect 3 person plural ἑώρων (John 6:2, where L Tr WH ἐθεώρουν); perfect ἑώρακα and (T WH in Colossians 2:1, 18; (1 Corinthians 9:1); Tdf. edition 7 also in John 9:37; John 15:24; John 20:25; 1 John 3:6; 1 John 4:20; 3 John 1:11) ἑόρακα (on which form cf. (WHs Appendix, p. 161; Tdf. Proleg., p. 122; Stephanus Thesaurus, under the word, 2139 d.); Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. i., p. 325; (Buttmann, 64 (56); Veitch, under the word)) (2 person singular ἑορακες (John 8:57 Tr marginal reading) see κοπιάω, at the beginning), 3 person plural ἑωράκασιν (and ἑώρακαν in Colossians 2:1 L Tr WH; Luke 9:36 T Tr WH; see γίνομαι, at the beginning); pluperfect 3 person singular ἑωράκει (Acts 7:44); future ὄψομαι (from ὈΠΤΩ), 2 person singular ὄψει (cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. i., p. 347f; Kühner, § 211, 3, i., p. 536), Matthew 27:4; John 1:50 ( 1. to see with the eyes: τινα ὁρᾶν, ἑωρακέναι, Luke 16:23; John 8:57; John 14:7, 9; John 20:18, 25, 29; 1 Corinthians 9:1, etc.; future ὄψομαι, Matthew 28:7, 10; Mark 16:7; Revelation 1:7, etc.; τόν Θεόν, 1 John 4:20; ἀόρατον ὡς ὁρῶν, Hebrews 11:27; with a participle added as a predicate (Buttmann, 301 (258); Winer's Grammar, § 45, 4), Matthew 24:30; Mark 13:26; Mark 14:62; Luke 21:27; John 1:51(52); ἑωρακέναι or ὄψεσθαί τό πρόσωπον τίνος, Colossians 2:1; Acts 20:25; ὁ (which divine majesty, i. e. τοῦ θείου λόγου) ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν (on this addition cf. Winers Grammar, 607 (564); (Buttmann, 398 (341))), 1 John 1:1; ὄψεσθαί τινα, i. e. come to see, visit, one, Hebrews 13:23; ἑωρακέναι Christ, i. e. to have seen him exhibiting proofs of his divinity and Messiahship, John 6:36; John 9:37; John 15:24; ὁρᾶν and ὄψεσθαί with an accusative of the thing, Luke 23:49; John 1:50 ( 2. to see with the mind, to perceive, know: absolutely, Romans 15:21; τινα followed by a participle in the accusative (Buttmann, § 144,15 b.; Winer's Grammar, § 45, 4), Acts 8:23; τί, Colossians 2:18; with a participle added, Hebrews 2:8; followed by ὅτι, James 2:24; to look at or upon, observe, give attention to: εἰς τινα, John 19:37 (Sophocles El. 925; Xenophon, Cyril 4, 1, 20; εἰς τί, Solon in (Diogenes Laërtius 1, 52); ἑωρακέναι παρά τῷ πατρί, to have learned from (see παρά, II. b.) the father (a metaphorical expression borrowed from sons, who learn what they see their fathers doing), John 8:38 (twice in Rec.; once in L T Tr WH); Christ is said to deliver to men ἅ ἑώρακεν, the things which he has seen, i. e. which he learned in his heavenly state with God before the incarnation, i. e. things divine, the counsels of God, John 3:11, 32; ἑωρακέναι Θεόν, to know God's will, 3 John 1:11; from the contact and influence of Christ to have come to see (know) God's majesty, saving purposes, and will (cf. Winer's Grammar, 273 (257)), John 14:7, 9; in an emphatic sense, of Christ, who has an immediate and perfect knowledge of God without being taught by another, John 1:18; John 6:46; ὄψεσθαί Θεόν καθώς ἐστιν, of the knowledge of God that may be looked for in his future kingdom, 1 John 3:2; ὄψεσθαί Christ, is used in reference to the apostles, about to perceive his invisible presence among them by his influence upon their souls through the Holy Spirit, John 16:16, 19; Christ is said ὄψεσθαί the apostles, i. e. will have knowledge of them, ibid. 22. 3. to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience: ζωήν, equivalent to to become a partaker of, John 3:36; ἡμέραν (cf. German erleben; see εἰδῶ, I. 5), Luke 17:22 (Sophocles O. R. 831). 4. to see to, look to; i. e. a. equivalent to to take heed, beware (see especially Buttmann, § 139, 49; cf. Winer's Grammar, 503 (469)): ὁρᾷ μή, with aorist subjunctive, see that ... not, take heed lest, Matthew 8:4; Matthew 18:10; Mark 1:44; 1 Thessalonians 5:15; supply τοῦτο ποιήσῃς in Revelation 19:10; Revelation 22:9 (Winers Grammar, 601 (558); Buttmann, 395 (338)) (Xenophon, Cyril 3, 1, 27, where see Poppo; Sophocles Philoct. 30, 519; El. 1003); followed by an imperative, Matthew 9:30; Matthew 24:6; ὁρᾶτε καί προσέχετε ἀπό, Matthew 16:6; ὁρᾶτε, βλέπετε ἀπό, Mark 8:15; ὁρᾶτε, καί φυλάσσεσθε ἀπό, Luke 12:15; ὁρᾷ, τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν, equivalent to weigh well, Acts 22:26 Rec. (ὁρᾷ τί ποιεῖς, Sophocles Philoct. 589). b. equivalent to to care for, pay heed to: σύ ὄψῃ (R G ὄψει (see above)), see thou to it, that will be thy concern (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 40, 6), Matthew 27:4; plural, 24; Acts 18:15 (Epictetus diss. 2, 5, 30; 4, 6, 11f; (Antoninus 5, 25 (and Gataker at the passage))). 5. passive 1 aorist ὤφθην, I was seen, showed myself, appeared (cf. Buttmann, 52 (45)): Luke 9:31; with the dative of person (cf. Buttmann, as above (also § 134, 2; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 31, 10)): of angels, Luke 1:11; Luke 22:43 (L brackets WH reject the passage); Acts 7:30, 35 (Exodus 3:2); of God, Acts 7:2 (Genesis 12:7; Genesis 17:1); of the dead, Matthew 17:3; Mark 9:4, cf. Luke 9:31; of Jesus after his resurrection, Luke 24:34; Acts 9:17; Acts 13:31; Acts 26:16; 1 Corinthians 15:5-8; 1 Timothy 3:16; of Jesus hereafter to return, Hebrews 9:28; of visions during sleep or ecstasy, Acts 16:9; Revelation 11:19; Revelation 12:1, 8; in the sense of coming upon unexpectedly, Acts 2:3; Acts 7:26. future passive ὧν ὀφθήσομαι σοι, on account of which I will appear unto thee, Acts 26:16; on this passive see Winers Grammar, § 39, 3 N. 1; cf. Buttmann, 287 (247); (Compare: ἀφοράω, καθοράω, πρωράω.) [SYNONYMS: ὁρᾶν, βλέπειν, both denote the physical act: ὁρᾶν in general, βλέπειν the single look; ὁρᾶν gives prominence to the discerning mind, βλέπειν to the particular mood or point. When the physical side recedes, ὁρᾶν denotes perception in general (as resulting principally from vision), the prominence in the word of the mental element being indicated by the construction of the accusative with an infinitive (in contrast with that of the participle required with βλέπειν), and by the absolute ὁρᾷς; βλέπειν on the other hand, when its physical side recedes, gets a purely outward sense, look (i. e. open, incline) toward, Latinspectare,vergere. Schmidt, chapter 11. Cf. θεωρέω, σκοπέω, εἰδῶ, I. at the end] With nearly seven hundred occurrences, ὁράω and its compound or cognate forms saturate the New Testament record. The verb ranges from ordinary eyesight to the highest reaches of prophetic revelation, creating a thread that unites narrative, doctrine, and exhortation. Whether describing fishermen who “saw” Jesus walking (Matthew 4:18), apostles who “cannot stop speaking about what we have seen” (Acts 4:20), or every eye that “will see Him” at His return (Revelation 1:7), the term bears tremendous theological weight. Physical Sight in Historical Narrative 1. Everyday observation: Jesus “saw Simon and Andrew” casting nets (Mark 1:16); the widow’s two mites were “seen” by Him in the temple (Luke 21:1-2). Spiritual Perception and the Gift of Faith The verb frequently transcends visual mechanics, pointing to inward grasp: Apostolic Witness “See” anchors apostolic authority. The resurrection appearances (Luke 24:34; Acts 2:32; 1 Corinthians 15:5-8) move from private vision to public testimony. John writes, “What we have seen with our eyes… we proclaim to you” (1 John 1:1-3). Preaching, therefore, is rooted in eyewitness reality, not myth. Prophetic and Apocalyptic Vision ὁράω dominates Revelation: John “saw” the risen Christ (Revelation 1:12-17), heavenly worship (5:11), unfolding judgments (6:1-17), and the New Jerusalem (21:2). Each vision assures the churches that history is under Christ’s sovereignty and culminates in the beatific promise: “They will see His face” (22:4). Imperative Uses: Attention and Warning • Ἴδε / ἰδοὺ (“Behold”): a divine spotlight in narrative and prophecy. “Behold, the Lamb of God” (John 1:29) unveils Messiah; “Behold, I am coming quickly” (Revelation 22:12) calls the church to readiness. Seeing God—A Biblical Trajectory Old Testament glimpses (“no man can see Me and live,” Exodus 33:20) find fulfillment when “the Word became flesh” (John 1:14). Jesus declares, “He who has seen Me has seen the Father” (John 14:9). The pure in heart “will see God” (Matthew 5:8), and the eschaton guarantees unmediated sight (Revelation 22:4). Vision thus progresses from partial, mediated encounters to consummated fellowship. Eschatological Assurance The vocabulary of sight frames hope: “Every eye will see Him” (Revelation 1:7); believers will “see Him as He is” (1 John 3:2); even scoffers mockingly cry, “Let us see” at the cross (Matthew 27:49), unwittingly affirming the final vindication they will one day witness. Ministry Implications 1. Preaching: Ground proclamation in what Scripture’s eyewitnesses saw, reinforcing historical credibility. Summary ὁράω gathers the entire redemptive account into a single verb: creation’s first sight, Israel’s prophetic visions, the incarnate Christ beheld, the cross witnessed, the resurrection attested, the Spirit opening blind eyes, and the church awaiting the unveiled glory of God. To see, in biblical terms, is ultimately to know, to worship, and to proclaim. Englishman's Concordance Matthew 1:20 V-AMA-2SGRK: αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμηθέντος ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος Κυρίου INT: of him having pondered behold an angel of [the] Lord Matthew 1:23 V-AMA-2S Matthew 2:1 V-AMA-2S Matthew 2:2 V-AIA-1P Matthew 2:9 V-AMA-2S Matthew 2:9 V-AIA-3P Matthew 2:10 V-APA-NMP Matthew 2:11 V-AIA-3P Matthew 2:13 V-AMA-2S Matthew 2:16 V-APA-NMS Matthew 2:19 V-AMA-2S Matthew 3:7 V-APA-NMS Matthew 3:16 V-AMA-2S Matthew 3:16 V-AIA-3S Matthew 3:17 V-AMA-2S Matthew 4:11 V-AMA-2S Matthew 4:16 V-AIA-3S Matthew 4:18 V-AIA-3S Matthew 4:21 V-AIA-3S Matthew 5:1 V-APA-NMS Matthew 5:8 V-FIM-3P Matthew 5:16 V-ASA-3P Matthew 7:4 V-AMA-2S Matthew 8:2 V-AMA-2S Matthew 8:4 V-PMA-2S Strong's Greek 3708 |
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