Lexical Summary pesha: transgressions, transgression, rebellion Original Word: פֶשַׁע Strong's Exhaustive Concordance rebellion, sin, transgression, trespass From pasha'; a revolt (national, moral or religious) -- rebellion, sin, transgression, trespass. see HEBREW pasha' NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom pasha Definition transgression NASB Translation breach of trust (1), rebellion (6), rebellious (1), rebellious act (2), rebellious acts (2), transgression (37), transgressions (45). Brown-Driver-Briggs מֶּ֫שַׁע noun masculine Psalm 19:14 transgression; — absolute ׳פ Exodus 22:8 +, מָּ֑שַׁע Proverbs 10:9 +; construct מֶּשַׁע Genesis 50:17 +; suffix מִּשְׁעִי Genesis 31:16 14t. suffixes; plural מְּשָׁעִים Proverbs 10:12; construct מִּשְׁעֵי Amos 1:3 +, etc.; — 1 transgression against individuals Genesis 31:36; Genesis 50:17 (twice in verse); Exodus 22:8 (E), 1 Samuel 24:12; 1 Samuel 25:28; Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 17:19; Proverbs 29:6,16,22. שְׂפָתַיִם ׳פ Proverbs 12:13; על כלפֿשׁעים תְּכַסֶה אַהֲבָה Proverbs 10:12, compare Proverbs 17:9; Proverbs 19:11; Proverbs 28:13. 2 of nation, against nation: Amos 1:3,6,9,11,13; Amos 2:1; of land Proverbs 28:2. Elsewhere 3 against God: a. in General, "" חטאת Isaiah 58:1; Isaiah 59:12; Micah 1:5 (twice in verse); Micah 1:13; Micah 3:8; Amos 5:12; "" עון Ezekiel 21:29; Psalm 107:17; ׳עשׂה פ Ezekiel 18:22,28; ׳ביום פ Ezekiel 33:12; ׳רַבּוּ פ Isaiah 59:12; Job 35:6; Jeremiah 5:6(?); יֹסִיף על ׳חטאתו פ Job 34:37 he addeth transgression unto his sin; ׳יִלְדֵי פ Isaiah 57:4; personified as evil spirit, נאם פשׁע Psalm 36:2. b. as recognized by sinner; he knows it Psalm 51:5, makes known concerning it to ׳י Psalm 32:5, does not cover it (כסה) Job 31:33; turns from it Isaiah 59:20; Ezekiel 18:30; casts it away from him Ezekiel 18:31. c. God deals with it: by visiting it (פקד) Amos 3:14; Psalm 89:33, dealing with one according to it, עשׂה כ Ezekiel 39:24, making it known to sinner Job 13:23; Job 36:9; punishing in various ways: ׳מִמּ because of it Isaiah 53:5,8; with על, acc. to it Amos 2:4,6; Lamentations 1:5,22; for it, with ב Isaiah 50:1; ׳עֹל פ Lamentations 1:14 yoke of transgression; personified, ׳וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פ Job 8:4; be does not grant forgiveness to it, ׳לאֹ נאשׂ ל Exodus 23:21; Joshua 24:19(E). d. God forgives (נשׂא) it Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18 (J), Job 7:21, compare Psalm 32:1; pardons (סלח) 1 Kings 8:50; passes over (עבר על, compare Proverbs 19:11) Micah 7:18; removes (הרחיק) Psalm 103:12; covers over (כפר) Psalm 65:4 ;-compare (of priest) ׳וְכִמֶּר עַלהַֿקֹּדֶשׁ מִפ Leviticus 16:16, and confession of ׳פ over (על) goat Leviticus 16:21; — God blots out (מחה) Isaiah 43:25; Isaiah 44:22; Psalm 51:3; ׳וּפ אַלתִּֿזְכֹּר Psalm 25:7; delivers from, הציל מן Psalm 39:9. — Job 35:15 read מֶּשַׁע for פַשׁ q. v. 4 guilt of transgression (compare עון 2), ׳בְּלִי פ without (guilt of) transgression Job 33:9; Job 34:6; ׳לא פ Psalm 59:4; עלינו ׳פ Ezekiel 33:10; כבד ׳עליה פ Isaiah 24:20; ׳בְּרֹב פ Psalm 5:11; ׳נקיתי מפ Psalm 19:14; יִמַּמְּאוּ: ׳בְּכָלפֿ defile themselves with all (the guilt of) transgressions Ezekiel 14:11; Ezekiel 37:23; ׳חָתֻם בִּצְרוֺר פ Job 14:17. 5 punishment for transgression, Daniel 8:12,13; Daniel 9:24, compare try עון 3 6 offering for transgression, האתן בכורי פשׁעי Micah 6:7 shall I give my first-born as an offering for my trunsgression (compare חטאת 4). Topical Lexicon Conceptual Overview פֶשַׁע denotes a wilful break with God’s revealed will. Unlike inadvertent sin, it is conscious revolt that fractures covenant relationship, producing guilt that only divine forgiveness can remove. Occurrences and Distribution Approximately ninety-three occurrences span the Old Testament. The term appears in the Pentateuch (e.g., Exodus 34:7), Historical Books (2 Samuel 14:14), Wisdom Literature (Psalm 32:1), and is heavily concentrated in the Prophets—especially Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, and Amos. The breadth of usage demonstrates that rebellion is a perennial human problem affecting individuals, families, nations, and even kings. Theological Significance 1. Offence against the Holy God. Each פֶשַׁע is first vertical. “Your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God” (Isaiah 59:2). Relationship to Covenant Israel’s national life is measured by obedience. Pesha breaks the covenant (Isaiah 24:5) and nullifies the nation’s witness. Yet God’s covenant love seeks restoration: “Though your sins are scarlet, they shall be as white as snow” (Isaiah 1:18). Sacrificial and Atonement Considerations Blood sacrifices foreshadowed ultimate resolution. Isaiah 53 links the Suffering Servant directly with pesha: Daniel 9:24 foretells a day “to finish the transgression,” pointing beyond temple ritual to Messiah’s once-for-all sacrifice. Prophetic Warnings Prophets confront social injustice as pesha. Amos condemns city elites for “three sins…even four” (Amos 2:6); Ezekiel rebukes leaders who “conspire against Me” (Ezekiel 22:27). Transgression is never merely private; it corrupts courts, commerce, and worship. Wisdom Literature Insights Proverbs exposes practical consequences: Thus pesha fractures community; forgiving love restores it. Interpersonal and Social Dimensions • Marriage: adultery is framed as transgression (Jeremiah 3:8). Messianic Fulfillment New Testament writers echo pesha theology. Paul explains that “the law was added for transgressions until the Seed” (Galatians 3:19). Christ’s atoning death fulfills Isaiah 53, providing the only satisfactory answer to human rebellion. Practical Ministry Implications 1. Preaching: Declare the gravity of transgression and the sufficiency of Christ’s atonement. Summary פֶשַׁע exposes the human heart in active revolt yet magnifies divine mercy that “blots out transgressions for My own sake” (Isaiah 43:25). The storyline of Scripture moves from pervasive rebellion to completed redemption, urging every generation to flee from pesha and rest in the Redeemer who “delivers us from all transgressions” (Psalm 25:11). Forms and Transliterations בְּפֶ֣שַֽׁע בְּפֶ֣שַׁע בְּפֶ֤שַֽׁע בְּפֶ֤שַׁע בְּפָ֑שַׁע בפשע הַפֶּ֜שַׁע הפשע וְהַפֶּ֣שַׁע וָפֶ֖שַׁע וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וָפָ֑שַׁע וּ֝פִשְׁעֵיהֶ֗ם וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶ֖ם וּכְפִשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם וּפְשָׁעַ֗י ובפשעיכם והפשע וכפשעיהם ומפשעיהם ופשע ופשעי ופשעיהם לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֖ם לְפֶ֣שַׁע לְפֶ֥שַׁע לפשע לפשעכם מִפְּשָׁעֵ֔נוּ מִפֶּ֥שַֽׁע מִפֶּ֥שַׁע מפשע מפשענו פְ֝שָׁעֶ֗יךָ פְ֭שָׁעַי פְ֭שָׁעָיו פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים פְּ֝שָׁעֵ֗ינוּ פְּשָׁעֵֽינוּ׃ פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ פְּשָׁעֶ֔יךָ פְּשָׁעַ֜י פְּשָׁעַ֥י פְּשָׁעָ֑י פְּשָׁעָ֖יו פְּשָׁעָיו֙ פְשָׁעֵ֙ינוּ֙ פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ פְשָׁעֵ֥ינוּ פְשָׁעֶ֖יךָ פְשָׁעָֽי׃ פִּ֭שְׁעֵיהֶם פִּֽשְׁעִ֥י פִּשְׁע֔וֹ פִּשְׁעִ֑י פִּשְׁעִ֔י פִּשְׁעִי֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י פִּשְׁעֵ֥י פִּשְׁעֵי־ פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֑ם פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֔ם פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֗ם פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ פִּשְׁעָ֑ם פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ פִּשְׁעָ֔ם פִּשְׁעָֽם׃ פִשְׁעִ֖י פִשְׁעִי֮ פִשְׁעֵֽי־ פֶ֖שַׁע פֶ֣שַׁע פֶ֭שַׁע פֶּ֔שַׁע פֶּ֗שַׁע פֶּ֡שַׁע פֶּ֣שַׁע פֶּ֭שַׁע פָ֥שַׁע פָּ֑שַׁע פָּֽשַׁע׃ פָֽשַׁע׃ פשע פשע׃ פשעה פשעו פשעי פשעי־ פשעי׃ פשעיה פשעיהם פשעיו פשעיך פשעיכם פשעים פשעינו פשעינו׃ פשעם פשעם׃ bə·p̄ā·ša‘ bə·p̄e·ša‘ beFasha beFesha bəp̄āša‘ bəp̄eša‘ Fasha Fesha Feshaai Feshaav feshaEicha feshaEinu fishei fishI hap·pe·ša‘ happeša‘ hapPesha lə·p̄e·ša‘ lə·p̄iš·‘ă·ḵem leFesha lefishaChem ləp̄eša‘ ləp̄iš‘ăḵem mip·pe·ša‘ mip·pə·šā·‘ê·nū mippeša‘ mippəšā‘ênū mipPesha mippeshaEnu pā·ša‘ p̄ā·ša‘ pāša‘ p̄āša‘ Pasha pe·ša‘ p̄e·ša‘ pə·šā·‘āw p̄ə·šā·‘āw pə·šā·‘ay pə·šā·‘āy p̄ə·šā·‘ay p̄ə·šā·‘āy pə·šā·‘e·hā pə·šā·‘e·ḵā p̄ə·šā·‘e·ḵā pə·šā·‘ê·nū p̄ə·šā·‘ê·nū pə·šā·‘îm peša‘ p̄eša‘ pəšā‘āw p̄əšā‘āw pəšā‘ay pəšā‘āy p̄əšā‘ay p̄əšā‘āy pəšā‘ehā pəšā‘eḵā p̄əšā‘eḵā pəšā‘ênū p̄əšā‘ênū pəšā‘îm Pesha peshaAi peshaAv peshaEicha peshaEiha peshaEinu peshaIm piš‘āh piš‘ām piš‘ê piš‘ê- p̄iš‘ê- piš‘êhem piš‘êḵem piš‘î p̄iš‘î piš‘ōw piš·‘āh piš·‘ām piš·‘ê piš·‘ê- p̄iš·‘ê- piš·‘ê·hem piš·‘ê·ḵem piš·‘î p̄iš·‘î piš·‘ōw pishAh pishAm pishEi pisheiChem pisheiHem pishI pishO ū·ḇə·p̄iš·‘ê·ḵem ū·ḵə·p̄iš·‘ê·hem ū·mip·piš·‘ê·hem ū·p̄ə·šā·‘ay ū·p̄iš·‘ê·hem ūḇəp̄iš‘êḵem uchefisheiHem ufeshaAi ufisheiHem ūḵəp̄iš‘êhem ūmippiš‘êhem umippisheiHem ūp̄əšā‘ay ūp̄iš‘êhem uvefisheiChem vaFasha vaFesha vehapPesha wā·p̄ā·ša‘ wā·p̄e·ša‘ wāp̄āša‘ wāp̄eša‘ wə·hap·pe·ša‘ wəhappeša‘Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 31:36 HEB: לְלָבָ֔ן מַה־ פִּשְׁעִי֙ מַ֣ה חַטָּאתִ֔י NAS: What is my transgression? What KJV: to Laban, What [is] my trespass? what [is] my sin, INT: to Laban What rebellion What is my sin Genesis 50:17 Genesis 50:17 Exodus 22:9 Exodus 23:21 Exodus 34:7 Leviticus 16:16 Leviticus 16:21 Numbers 14:18 Joshua 24:19 1 Samuel 24:11 1 Samuel 25:28 1 Kings 8:50 Job 7:21 Job 8:4 Job 13:23 Job 14:17 Job 31:33 Job 33:9 Job 34:6 Job 34:37 Job 35:6 Job 36:9 Psalm 5:10 Psalm 19:13 93 Occurrences |
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