I have told you these things
This phrase indicates that Jesus is referring to previous teachings and warnings given to His disciples. In the context of John 15, Jesus spoke about the world's hatred towards His followers and the coming persecution. This is consistent with His role as a prophet, preparing His disciples for future challenges. The phrase underscores the importance of Jesus' words as a source of guidance and strength. It also reflects the prophetic tradition in the Old Testament, where prophets often warned the people of Israel about future events to prepare them spiritually and morally.

so that you will not fall away.
The concern here is apostasy, a falling away from faith, which was a significant issue in the early church. Jesus' warning is meant to fortify the disciples against the trials they will face, ensuring they remain steadfast. This reflects the broader biblical theme of perseverance in faith, as seen in passages like Hebrews 10:23-25, which encourages believers to hold unswervingly to the hope they profess. The cultural context of the time included severe persecution from both Jewish authorities and the Roman Empire, making the risk of falling away a real and present danger. Jesus' words serve as a reminder of the importance of remaining rooted in His teachings, drawing strength from His promises and the Holy Spirit.

They will put you out of the synagogues.
This phrase reflects the reality faced by early Christians, particularly Jewish converts, who were often expelled from synagogues due to their belief in Jesus as the Messiah. The synagogue was not only a place of worship but also a central hub for community life, so being cast out meant social and religious ostracism. This expulsion is documented in the New Testament, such as in John 9:22, where the parents of the man born blind feared being put out of the synagogue. Historically, this reflects the growing tension between Jewish authorities and the early Christian movement, which was seen as a heretical sect within Judaism.

In fact, a time is coming when anyone who kills you will think he is offering a service to God.
This prophecy by Jesus foreshadows the persecution that His followers would face, particularly from those who believed they were upholding religious purity. The Apostle Paul, before his conversion, exemplifies this mindset as he persecuted Christians, believing he was serving God (Acts 8:1-3, 9:1-2). This reflects a broader historical context where religious zeal often led to violence against perceived heretics. The phrase also echoes the Old Testament, where misguided zeal for God led to acts of violence, such as in Numbers 25:6-13 with Phinehas. This warning from Jesus serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of discipleship and the potential for religious fervor to be misdirected.

They will do these things
This phrase refers to the actions of persecution and hostility that Jesus predicts His followers will face. In the broader context of John 16, Jesus is preparing His disciples for the challenges they will encounter after His departure. Historically, early Christians faced significant persecution from both Jewish authorities and the Roman Empire. This persecution was often driven by a misunderstanding or rejection of Jesus' teachings and the new covenant He established.

because they have not known
The lack of knowledge here is not merely intellectual but relational and spiritual. In biblical terms, "knowing" often implies a deep, intimate relationship. The religious leaders of the time, despite their extensive knowledge of the Scriptures, failed to recognize Jesus as the Messiah. This highlights a recurring biblical theme where spiritual blindness prevents individuals from understanding God's truth, as seen in passages like Isaiah 6:9-10 and Matthew 13:13-15.

the Father
The Father refers to God, the first person of the Trinity. In the cultural and religious context of first-century Judaism, God was known as Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. However, Jesus emphasizes a personal relationship with God as Father, which was a radical concept at the time. This relational aspect is central to Jesus' teaching and is a key theme throughout the Gospel of John, as seen in John 1:18 and John 14:6-7.

or Me
"Me" refers to Jesus Christ, the Son of God. The rejection of Jesus by many of His contemporaries was a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 53:3, which speaks of the Messiah being despised and rejected. Jesus' identity as the Son of God and the promised Messiah is a cornerstone of Christian faith, and recognizing Him is essential for salvation, as stated in John 14:6. The failure to know Jesus is equated with not knowing the Father, underscoring the unity of the Father and the Son in the Godhead.

But I have told you these things
In this passage, Jesus is preparing His disciples for the trials and persecutions they will face after His departure. The "things" He refers to include the coming of the Holy Spirit, the world's hatred, and the disciples' future suffering. This is part of the Upper Room Discourse, where Jesus provides final teachings and comfort to His disciples before His crucifixion. The forewarning is meant to strengthen their faith and resolve.

so that when their hour comes,
"Their hour" refers to the time of persecution and trials that the disciples will face. This phrase indicates a specific, divinely appointed time for these events to occur. It echoes the concept of God's sovereignty over history and events, as seen in Ecclesiastes 3:1, which speaks of a time for every purpose under heaven. Jesus' foreknowledge of these events underscores His divine nature and omniscience.

you will remember that I told you about them.
Jesus emphasizes the importance of remembering His words as a source of comfort and assurance. This act of remembrance is crucial for the disciples' faith, as it will help them understand that the trials they face are part of God's plan. This is similar to the role of remembrance in the Old Testament, where the Israelites are often called to remember God's past faithfulness (Deuteronomy 8:2).

I did not tell you these things from the beginning,
Jesus acknowledges that He withheld certain information from the disciples earlier in His ministry. This suggests a progressive revelation, where God reveals His plans and purposes gradually as His people are ready to understand and bear them. This is consistent with the way God revealed His covenant promises throughout the Old Testament, such as with Abraham and Moses.

because I was with you.
While Jesus was physically present with the disciples, He provided direct guidance and protection. His presence meant that they did not need to know everything in advance. This reflects the intimate relationship between Jesus and His disciples, akin to a shepherd with his sheep. It also foreshadows the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will continue to guide and comfort them after Jesus' ascension, as promised in John 14:16-17.

Now, however, I am going to Him who sent Me;
This phrase indicates a transition in Jesus' ministry. He is preparing His disciples for His departure, which refers to His ascension to the Father. The phrase "Him who sent Me" emphasizes Jesus' divine mission and origin, affirming His relationship with God the Father. This is consistent with earlier statements in the Gospel of John, where Jesus frequently speaks of being sent by the Father (John 3:17, 5:23-24). The ascension is a pivotal event in Christian theology, marking the completion of Jesus' earthly ministry and the beginning of His heavenly intercession (Hebrews 7:25).

yet none of you asks Me, ‘Where are You going?’
This highlights the disciples' lack of understanding and their focus on their immediate concerns rather than the larger divine plan. Earlier, Peter had asked a similar question in John 13:36, but here, Jesus points out that they are not truly grasping the significance of His departure. The disciples are troubled by the thought of losing Jesus' physical presence, which reflects their human perspective and emotional response. This moment underscores the need for the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will guide them into all truth (John 16:13) and help them understand the spiritual implications of Jesus' return to the Father.

Instead,
This word indicates a contrast or shift in focus. Jesus is addressing the disciples' emotional response to His previous statements about His departure and the coming of the Holy Spirit. The use of "instead" highlights the unexpected nature of their reaction compared to what might have been anticipated.

your hearts are filled with sorrow
The disciples' sorrow is profound, reflecting their deep attachment to Jesus and their lack of understanding of the necessity and benefits of His departure. This sorrow is not just emotional but spiritual, as they grapple with the implications of losing their Teacher and Lord. The heart, in biblical terms, often represents the center of emotions, thoughts, and will, indicating that their entire being is affected.

because I have told you these things.
Jesus had been preparing His disciples for His impending crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension. "These things" refer to the difficult truths He shared about His departure and the persecution they would face. The disciples' sorrow stems from their limited understanding of God's redemptive plan. This phrase connects to other scriptures where Jesus foretells His death and resurrection (e.g., John 14:1-3, Matthew 16:21). It also points to the fulfillment of prophecy and the necessity of His sacrifice for the salvation of humanity.

But I tell you the truth
In this phrase, Jesus emphasizes the certainty and importance of His statement. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus often prefaces significant teachings with a declaration of truth, underscoring His authority and the reliability of His words. This phrase is reminiscent of the Old Testament prophets who spoke with divine authority, and it highlights Jesus as the ultimate prophet and teacher.

it is for your benefit that I am going away
Jesus speaks of His departure as beneficial, which may have been perplexing to His disciples. The benefit refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit, who would empower and guide the disciples in ways that Jesus, in His physical form, could not. This reflects the transition from Jesus' earthly ministry to the age of the Spirit, fulfilling prophecies such as those in Joel 2:28-29 about the outpouring of the Spirit.

Unless I go away, the Advocate will not come to you
The term "Advocate" refers to the Holy Spirit, also known as the Paraclete, a term that implies comforter, counselor, and helper. The necessity of Jesus' departure for the Spirit's arrival indicates the distinct roles within the Trinity. This aligns with the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah 31:31-34, where God speaks of a new relationship with His people through the Spirit.

but if I go, I will send Him to you
Jesus assures His disciples that His departure will result in the sending of the Holy Spirit. This promise is fulfilled in Acts 2 during Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit descends upon the apostles. The sending of the Spirit marks the beginning of the Church and the spread of the Gospel, empowering believers to continue Jesus' mission. This also reflects the unity and cooperation within the Trinity, as the Son sends the Spirit from the Father.

And when He comes
This phrase refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit, promised by Jesus to His disciples. The context is the Upper Room Discourse, where Jesus prepares His followers for His departure. The Holy Spirit's coming is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Joel 2:28-29, where God promises to pour out His Spirit on all people. The Spirit's arrival at Pentecost (Acts 2) marks the beginning of His active role in the world and the church.

He will convict the world
The term "convict" implies a legal or judicial process, suggesting the Holy Spirit's role in revealing truth and exposing error. The "world" here refers to humanity in its fallen state, often in opposition to God. The Spirit's work is universal, not limited to believers, and involves bringing awareness of spiritual realities to all people.

in regard to sin
The Holy Spirit convicts the world of sin, highlighting humanity's rebellion against God. This conviction is necessary for repentance and salvation. Sin, in this context, is primarily unbelief in Jesus (John 16:9), which is the root of all other sins. The Spirit's role is to reveal the truth of Jesus' identity and mission, leading people to recognize their need for a Savior.

and righteousness
Righteousness here refers to the standard of holiness required by God, exemplified in Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit convicts the world of righteousness by demonstrating the perfect life and sacrificial death of Jesus, who fulfilled all righteousness (Matthew 3:15). This conviction also involves revealing the inadequacy of human righteousness and the necessity of Christ's righteousness imputed to believers (2 Corinthians 5:21).

and judgment
The Holy Spirit convicts the world of judgment, emphasizing the reality of divine justice. This includes the judgment of Satan, the ruler of this world, who has been condemned through Christ's victory on the cross (John 16:11). It also points to the future judgment of all humanity, where each person will be held accountable for their response to Jesus (Revelation 20:11-15). The Spirit's conviction serves as a warning and a call to repentance before the final judgment.

in regard to sin
This phrase highlights the central issue of sin in the human condition. Sin, in biblical terms, is any action, thought, or attitude that falls short of God's holiness and commands. The concept of sin is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, beginning with the fall of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3. The Law given to Moses further defined sin and its consequences, emphasizing humanity's need for redemption. The New Testament continues this theme, with Jesus' ministry focusing on the forgiveness of sins and the call to repentance. Sin separates humanity from God, and the Holy Spirit's role is to convict the world of this reality, pointing to the need for a Savior.

because they do not believe in Me
Unbelief is identified as the root cause of sin in this context. Jesus emphasizes that the ultimate sin is the rejection of Him as the Messiah and Son of God. Throughout the Gospels, belief in Jesus is presented as the pathway to eternal life (John 3:16). The Jewish leaders and many of the people of Jesus' time struggled with accepting Him as the promised Messiah, despite the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and His miraculous works. This unbelief is not just a lack of intellectual assent but a refusal to trust and follow Jesus. The Holy Spirit's work is to reveal the truth of Jesus' identity and mission, urging individuals to move from unbelief to faith. This theme is echoed in other parts of the New Testament, such as Hebrews 3:12, which warns against an unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God.

in regard to righteousness
This phrase highlights the role of the Holy Spirit in convicting the world of righteousness. Righteousness in the biblical context often refers to being in right standing with God. The Holy Spirit reveals the true standard of righteousness, which is found in Jesus Christ. This righteousness is not based on human efforts or the law but is a gift from God through faith in Christ (Romans 3:22). The Spirit's work is to show the world the righteousness that comes from God, contrasting it with human self-righteousness.

because I am going to the Father
Jesus' return to the Father signifies the completion of His earthly mission. This event is crucial as it marks the fulfillment of His work of redemption. By going to the Father, Jesus is exalted and glorified, affirming His divine nature and authority (Philippians 2:9-11). His ascension also paves the way for the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will continue His work on earth (John 16:7). The ascension is a key event in salvation history, demonstrating that Jesus' sacrifice was accepted by the Father and that He now intercedes for believers (Hebrews 7:25).

and you will no longer see Me
This phrase addresses the physical absence of Jesus from His disciples after His ascension. It signifies a transition from His earthly ministry to His heavenly ministry. While the disciples would no longer see Him physically, His presence would be with them through the Holy Spirit (John 14:16-18). This absence also tests and strengthens their faith, as they learn to rely on the Spirit's guidance and power. The promise of Jesus' return (Acts 1:11) provides hope and assurance for believers, encouraging them to live in anticipation of His second coming.

and in regard to judgment
This phrase refers to the divine judgment that is a central theme throughout the Bible. Judgment in the biblical context often involves the discernment between righteousness and sin, and the ultimate accountability before God. In the New Testament, judgment is frequently associated with the coming of Jesus Christ, who will judge the living and the dead (2 Timothy 4:1). This judgment is not only future but also present, as Jesus' ministry brought a division between those who accept Him and those who reject Him. The concept of judgment is rooted in the Old Testament, where God is portrayed as the ultimate judge of all nations (Psalm 96:13).

because the prince of this world
The "prince of this world" is a reference to Satan, who is often depicted as the ruler of the current age, exercising influence over the world and its systems (Ephesians 2:2). This title underscores the temporary authority that Satan holds over the earth, which is characterized by sin and rebellion against God. The term "world" in this context refers to the fallen state of humanity and the systems that oppose God's kingdom. The notion of Satan as a ruler is seen in the temptation of Jesus, where Satan offers Him the kingdoms of the world (Matthew 4:8-9).

has been condemned
The condemnation of the "prince of this world" signifies the decisive victory of Jesus over Satan through His death and resurrection. This condemnation is a fulfillment of the prophecy in Genesis 3:15, where the seed of the woman is foretold to crush the serpent's head. The cross is the pivotal moment where Satan's power is broken, and his ultimate defeat is assured (Colossians 2:15). This condemnation is not only a future reality but also a present truth, as believers are called to live in the victory of Christ, resisting the devil and his schemes (James 4:7). The assurance of Satan's condemnation provides hope and encouragement to Christians, affirming that evil will not prevail.

I still have much to tell you
In this phrase, Jesus acknowledges that His teachings are not yet complete. This reflects the ongoing nature of divine revelation and the progressive understanding of God's will. The disciples, at this point, have been with Jesus for approximately three years, yet there remains much they need to learn. This is consistent with the biblical theme of gradual revelation, as seen throughout the Old Testament, where God reveals His plans and purposes progressively over time. The phrase also underscores the depth and richness of Jesus' teachings, which are inexhaustible and require time and spiritual maturity to fully comprehend.

but you cannot yet bear to hear it
Here, Jesus recognizes the limitations of the disciples' current spiritual and emotional state. The word "bear" suggests a burden or weight that they are not yet equipped to handle. This reflects the cultural and historical context of the disciples, who are still grappling with the concept of a suffering Messiah, contrary to the prevailing Jewish expectation of a conquering king. The disciples' inability to bear further revelation at this time is also indicative of their need for the Holy Spirit, who would later come to guide them into all truth (John 16:13). This connects to the broader biblical narrative of human dependence on divine assistance to understand and live out God's will.

However, when the Spirit of truth comes
This phrase introduces the Holy Spirit, referred to as the "Spirit of truth," emphasizing His role in revealing divine truth. The coming of the Spirit is a fulfillment of Jesus' promise to His disciples, providing them with guidance and understanding after His departure. This event is historically linked to Pentecost (Acts 2), where the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles, empowering them for ministry. The title "Spirit of truth" underscores the Spirit's role in conveying God's truth, contrasting with the deception of the world.

He will guide you into all truth
The guidance into "all truth" suggests a comprehensive understanding of God's will and purposes. This guidance is not limited to intellectual knowledge but includes spiritual insight and discernment. The Spirit's role is to illuminate the teachings of Jesus, helping believers to apply them in their lives. This aligns with the promise in John 14:26, where the Spirit is described as a teacher who reminds the disciples of Jesus' words. The phrase also implies a continuous process of learning and growth in the truth.

For He will not speak on His own
This indicates the Spirit's submission to the Father and the Son, reflecting the unity and harmony within the Trinity. The Spirit's message is not independent but is in perfect alignment with the will of God. This mirrors Jesus' own ministry, where He repeatedly stated that His teachings were not His own but from the Father (John 7:16). The Spirit's role is to faithfully communicate the divine message, ensuring consistency with the teachings of Christ.

but He will speak what He hears
The Spirit's communication is based on divine revelation, not human invention. This phrase emphasizes the Spirit's role as a conduit of God's truth, relaying what He "hears" from the Father and the Son. This ensures that the message is authoritative and trustworthy. The Spirit's work is to reveal the mysteries of God, as seen in 1 Corinthians 2:10-13, where the Spirit searches the deep things of God and makes them known to believers.

and He will declare to you what is to come
This aspect of the Spirit's work involves revealing future events and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. This prophetic element is seen in the Spirit's role in inspiring the New Testament writers, who recorded revelations about the end times and the return of Christ. The Spirit's declaration of "what is to come" provides hope and assurance to believers, reminding them of God's sovereignty and the ultimate fulfillment of His promises. This aligns with the prophetic tradition in Scripture, where God's Spirit reveals future events to His people.

He will glorify Me
This phrase refers to the Holy Spirit's role in exalting Jesus Christ. The glorification of Jesus is a central theme in the Gospel of John, where Jesus' works and words reveal His divine nature and mission. The Holy Spirit continues this work by pointing believers to Christ, emphasizing His teachings, and enabling them to understand His significance. This aligns with John 15:26, where the Spirit testifies about Jesus, and John 17:1, where Jesus prays for His glorification through the completion of His work on earth.

by taking from what is Mine
This indicates the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Holy Spirit. The Spirit does not act independently but draws from the authority, wisdom, and truth of Jesus. This reflects the unity within the Trinity, where the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit work harmoniously. The phrase underscores the divine origin of the Spirit's revelation, ensuring that it is consistent with Jesus' teachings and mission. This is reminiscent of John 14:26, where the Spirit is described as the Helper who will teach and remind the disciples of everything Jesus has said.

and disclosing it to you
The Holy Spirit's role is to reveal and make known the truths of Jesus to the believers. This disclosure is not just intellectual but transformative, enabling believers to live out the teachings of Christ. The Spirit's revelation is ongoing, providing guidance, comfort, and understanding to the followers of Jesus. This aligns with the promise in John 14:17, where the Spirit of truth dwells with and in the believers, ensuring they are never alone in their spiritual journey. The Spirit's work is essential for the growth and maturity of the Christian faith, as seen in the early church's reliance on the Spirit for direction and empowerment in Acts.

Everything that belongs to the Father is Mine.
This phrase emphasizes the unity and shared authority between the Father and the Son. In the context of the Gospel of John, this statement underscores the divinity of Jesus and His unique relationship with God the Father. The concept of shared possession reflects the Trinitarian belief that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct yet one in essence. This unity is also seen in John 10:30, where Jesus states, "I and the Father are one." The claim that everything belonging to the Father is also Christ's indicates His divine authority and role in the Godhead, affirming His deity and pre-existence as seen in John 1:1-3.

That is why I said that the Spirit will take from what is Mine
Here, Jesus introduces the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of believers. The Spirit's role is to reveal and communicate the truths of Christ to His followers. This reflects the ongoing work of the Spirit in guiding, teaching, and reminding believers of Jesus' teachings, as promised in John 14:26. The Spirit's taking from what is Christ's signifies the transmission of divine truth and wisdom, ensuring that the teachings of Jesus remain active and relevant in the lives of His disciples. This also highlights the cooperative work within the Trinity, where the Spirit acts in accordance with the will and purpose of the Son.

and disclose it to you.
The disclosure by the Spirit is a promise of revelation and understanding for the disciples. This assurance is crucial for the early church as they navigate their mission after Jesus' ascension. The Spirit's role in disclosing truth is foundational for the writing of the New Testament, as the apostles were inspired to record the teachings and works of Jesus. This promise of disclosure is not limited to the apostles but extends to all believers, as the Spirit continues to illuminate the Scriptures and guide Christians in truth. This ongoing revelation is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as those found in Joel 2:28-29, where God promises to pour out His Spirit on all people.

In a little while you will see Me no more
This phrase refers to the imminent departure of Jesus through His crucifixion and death. The "little while" indicates the short time remaining before these events unfold. Historically, this was a period of great tension and anticipation in Jerusalem, as the Passover festival was approaching. Theologically, this moment is pivotal, as it marks the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the suffering Messiah (Isaiah 53). Jesus' departure is necessary for the completion of His redemptive work, as He must die to atone for the sins of humanity. This phrase also foreshadows the disciples' impending grief and confusion, as they will soon be without their Teacher and Lord.

and then after a little while you will see Me.
This part of the verse points to Jesus' resurrection, which occurs three days after His crucifixion. The "little while" here signifies the brief period between His death and resurrection. Theologically, the resurrection is the cornerstone of Christian faith, affirming Jesus' victory over sin and death (1 Corinthians 15:3-4). It fulfills Jesus' own predictions of His rising again (John 2:19-22) and serves as a type of the ultimate resurrection believers will experience. Culturally, the resurrection was a radical claim in the Jewish context, where the concept of an individual rising from the dead before the end times was not widely accepted. This event would transform the disciples' sorrow into joy and empower them to spread the Gospel, as seen in the Book of Acts.

Then some of His disciples asked one another
This phrase highlights the disciples' confusion and their tendency to discuss among themselves rather than directly asking Jesus for clarification. It reflects a common human behavior of seeking understanding through peer discussion. The disciples often struggled to grasp Jesus' teachings, as seen in other instances like Mark 9:32, where they did not understand His prediction of His death and resurrection.

“Why is He telling us,
The disciples are questioning Jesus' words, indicating their lack of understanding of His mission and the events that were about to unfold. This reflects the broader theme of misunderstanding that runs throughout the Gospels, where Jesus' followers often fail to comprehend His teachings until after His resurrection and the coming of the Holy Spirit (John 14:26).

‘In a little while you will not see Me,
This phrase refers to Jesus' impending death and burial. The "little while" signifies the short period between His crucifixion and resurrection. The disciples were unaware of the exact timeline of these events, which added to their confusion. This phrase also connects to the prophecy of the suffering servant in Isaiah 53, which speaks of the Messiah's death.

and then after a little while you will see Me’
Here, Jesus is alluding to His resurrection. The "little while" after His death is the three days before He rises again. This promise of seeing Him again is a source of hope and foreshadows the joy of the resurrection, as later described in John 20:20 when the disciples see the risen Christ.

and ‘Because I am going to the Father’?”
This phrase refers to Jesus' ascension, which occurs after His resurrection. It signifies the completion of His earthly mission and His return to divine glory. The ascension is a pivotal event that fulfills Old Testament prophecies, such as Psalm 110:1, and is essential for the sending of the Holy Spirit (John 16:7). It also emphasizes Jesus' divine nature and His role as the mediator between God and humanity.

They kept asking
The disciples frequently questioned Jesus, reflecting their struggle to comprehend His teachings. This phrase indicates their persistent confusion and desire for clarity. In the context of John 16, Jesus is preparing His disciples for His imminent departure and the coming of the Holy Spirit. Their repeated questioning shows their reliance on Jesus for understanding and guidance, a theme consistent throughout the Gospels.

“Why is He saying, ‘a little while’?
The phrase "a little while" is significant in the context of Jesus' impending death and resurrection. It suggests a short period of time, which can be seen as a reference to the three days between His crucifixion and resurrection. This phrase also points to the temporary nature of their separation from Jesus, as He would soon return to them after His resurrection. The disciples' confusion highlights their limited understanding of the events that were about to unfold, despite Jesus' previous teachings about His death and resurrection (e.g., Mark 8:31).

We do not understand what He is saying.”
This statement underscores the disciples' lack of comprehension regarding Jesus' prophetic words. It reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where the disciples often struggle to grasp the spiritual truths Jesus conveys. Their misunderstanding is not just intellectual but also spiritual, as they have yet to receive the Holy Spirit, who would later guide them into all truth (John 16:13). This moment foreshadows the clarity and understanding they would gain after Pentecost, as recorded in Acts 2, when the Holy Spirit empowers them to fully comprehend and proclaim the Gospel.

Aware that they wanted to question Him
Jesus, possessing divine omniscience, demonstrates His awareness of the disciples' thoughts and concerns. This reflects His intimate knowledge of human hearts, as seen in other passages like John 2:24-25. The disciples' confusion is understandable given the complexity of Jesus' teachings about His death and resurrection.

Jesus said to them
Jesus often addressed His disciples directly to clarify His teachings. This personal approach highlights His role as a teacher and shepherd, guiding His followers through difficult concepts. It also emphasizes the relational aspect of His ministry, where He engages with His disciples' doubts and questions.

Are you asking one another why I said
The disciples frequently discussed Jesus' teachings among themselves, as seen in other instances like Mark 9:10. This reflects a common practice in Jewish culture, where disciples would debate and discuss their rabbi's teachings to gain deeper understanding. Jesus' question indicates His desire for them to seek understanding directly from Him.

‘In a little while you will not see Me
This phrase refers to Jesus' impending death and burial. The "little while" signifies the short period between His crucifixion and resurrection. This prophecy is consistent with Jesus' earlier predictions of His death, as seen in passages like Matthew 16:21. The temporary nature of their separation is emphasized, offering hope amidst the coming sorrow.

and then after a little while you will see Me’
This part of the prophecy points to Jesus' resurrection, when He would appear to His disciples again. The resurrection is a cornerstone of Christian faith, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies such as Psalm 16:10 and Isaiah 53:10-11. It also prefigures the ultimate reunion of believers with Christ, as promised in passages like 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17.

Truly, truly, I tell you
This phrase, often translated as "Amen, amen, I say to you," is a solemn affirmation used by Jesus to emphasize the truth and importance of His statement. It is a unique feature of Jesus' teaching style, underscoring the certainty and authority of His words. In the Jewish context, "Amen" is a declaration of affirmation, and its repetition signifies the gravity of the message.

you will weep and wail
This prediction of sorrow refers to the imminent crucifixion of Jesus, which would cause deep mourning among His disciples. The terms "weep" and "wail" indicate intense emotional distress, common expressions of grief in Jewish culture, often associated with mourning rituals. The disciples' sorrow is both personal and communal, reflecting their loss and the apparent defeat of their hopes.

while the world rejoices
The "world" here represents those opposed to Jesus, including the religious leaders and others who saw His death as a victory. This contrast highlights the differing perspectives between the followers of Christ and those who reject Him. The rejoicing of the world is temporary and misguided, rooted in a misunderstanding of Jesus' mission and the nature of His kingdom.

You will grieve
The grief of the disciples is profound, stemming from their love for Jesus and the shattering of their expectations. This grief is not only emotional but also spiritual, as they grapple with the apparent failure of the Messiah's mission. The use of the future tense indicates that this grief is certain and unavoidable, part of the necessary process of transformation.

but your grief will turn to joy
This promise of transformation is central to the Christian message of hope and resurrection. The disciples' sorrow will be reversed through the resurrection of Jesus, which will bring a deeper understanding of His victory over sin and death. This joy is not merely the absence of sorrow but a profound, enduring state rooted in the reality of the risen Christ. It echoes the prophetic promises of joy following suffering found in the Old Testament, such as in Isaiah 61:3, and prefigures the ultimate joy of eternal life with God.

A woman has pain in childbirth
This phrase reflects the universal experience of childbirth, which is often associated with significant pain and labor. Biblically, this pain is rooted in Genesis 3:16, where God tells Eve that her pain in childbearing will be greatly increased as a consequence of the Fall. This serves as a reminder of the brokenness introduced into the world through sin. The imagery of childbirth is frequently used in Scripture to describe times of suffering that lead to new beginnings or deliverance (Isaiah 26:17-18, Romans 8:22).

because her time has come;
The phrase "her time has come" indicates the inevitability and appointed nature of childbirth. In biblical terms, it can also symbolize the fulfillment of God's timing and purposes. Ecclesiastes 3:1 speaks of a time for every purpose under heaven, and this aligns with the idea that God has a sovereign plan for all events, including the trials and pains we endure.

but when she brings forth her child,
This part of the verse highlights the transition from pain to joy. The act of bringing forth a child is a moment of fulfillment and culmination. In a broader biblical context, it can be seen as a metaphor for the coming of God's kingdom or the fulfillment of His promises, where initial suffering gives way to ultimate joy and redemption (Isaiah 66:7-9).

she forgets her anguish
The forgetting of anguish signifies the overwhelming joy that overshadows previous suffering. This reflects the biblical theme of redemption and restoration, where God turns mourning into joy (Psalm 30:11, Isaiah 61:3). It also points to the hope and assurance that believers have in Christ, that present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed (Romans 8:18).

because of her joy that a child has been born into the world.
The birth of a child brings immense joy and is a cause for celebration. In the biblical narrative, the birth of a child often signifies hope and the continuation of God's promises, as seen in the births of Isaac, Samuel, and ultimately Jesus Christ. The joy of new life is a powerful image of the new life believers have in Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of God's promise to bring salvation to the world (John 3:16, 2 Corinthians 5:17).

So also you have sorrow now
The disciples were experiencing sorrow because Jesus had just informed them of His impending departure (John 16:5-6). This sorrow is reflective of the human condition when faced with loss and uncertainty. The context here is the Last Supper, where Jesus is preparing His disciples for His crucifixion. The sorrow is not just personal but also communal, as they are about to witness the suffering of their teacher and friend. This moment is a fulfillment of the prophecy in Isaiah 53:3, where the Messiah is described as "a man of sorrows."

but I will see you again
This phrase is a promise of Jesus' resurrection. The assurance that He will see them again points to the temporary nature of their sorrow. The resurrection is central to Christian faith, as it confirms Jesus' victory over death and His divine nature. This promise is also a precursor to the eschatological hope found in Revelation 21:4, where God will wipe away every tear, and there will be no more death or mourning.

and your hearts will rejoice
The joy that Jesus promises is profound and transformative. It is not merely an emotional response but a deep-seated joy that comes from the assurance of His victory over sin and death. This joy is a fulfillment of the joy prophesied in Isaiah 35:10, where the redeemed will return with everlasting joy. The disciples' joy is also a type of the joy that believers experience through the Holy Spirit, as described in Galatians 5:22.

and no one will take away your joy
This phrase emphasizes the permanence and security of the joy that Jesus provides. Unlike worldly happiness, which is fleeting and dependent on circumstances, the joy given by Christ is eternal and unassailable. This assurance is echoed in Romans 8:38-39, where Paul declares that nothing can separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus. The joy is a foretaste of the eternal joy believers will experience in the presence of God.

In that day
This phrase refers to the time after Jesus' resurrection and the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. It marks a new era in the relationship between God and believers, where direct access to the Father is granted through Jesus Christ. This is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the new covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-34).

you will no longer ask Me anything.
Jesus indicates a shift in how His disciples will communicate with God. Previously, they relied on Jesus' physical presence to ask questions and seek guidance. After His ascension, they will have the Holy Spirit to guide them into all truth (John 16:13), and they will pray directly to the Father.

Truly, truly, I tell you,
The double "truly" (amen, amen) emphasizes the certainty and importance of what Jesus is about to say. This phrase is used throughout the Gospels to highlight significant teachings of Jesus, underscoring His authority and the trustworthiness of His words.

whatever you ask the Father in My name,
Praying in Jesus' name signifies praying with His authority and in alignment with His will. It reflects a relationship with God that is mediated by Christ, who is the only way to the Father (John 14:6). This concept is rooted in the understanding of Jesus as the High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16).

He will give you.
This promise assures believers of God's willingness to respond to prayers that are in accordance with His will. It reflects the generosity and faithfulness of God, as seen throughout Scripture (James 1:5, 1 John 5:14-15). The assurance of answered prayer is contingent upon the alignment with God's purposes and the transformative work of the Holy Spirit in the believer's life.

Until now you have not asked for anything in My name.
This phrase highlights a transition in the disciples' relationship with Jesus. Previously, they relied on His physical presence for guidance and support. The concept of asking in Jesus' name introduces a new dimension of prayer and relationship with God, emphasizing the authority and mediation of Christ. In the cultural context of the time, a name represented the essence and authority of a person. Thus, asking in Jesus' name implies invoking His power and will. This shift is significant as it prepares the disciples for the coming of the Holy Spirit and the establishment of the Church, where prayer in Jesus' name becomes central (John 14:13-14).

Ask and you will receive,
This promise underscores the assurance of answered prayer when aligned with God's will. It reflects the broader biblical principle that God is a generous provider (Matthew 7:7-11). The historical context of this promise is rooted in the Jewish understanding of God as a covenant-keeping deity who responds to the petitions of His people. Theologically, it emphasizes the believer's access to God through Christ, who intercedes on their behalf (Hebrews 4:14-16). This assurance is not a guarantee of receiving everything one desires but rather what is in accordance with God's purpose and plan.

so that your joy may be complete.
The completion of joy is a recurring theme in the teachings of Jesus, pointing to the fullness of life found in Him (John 15:11). This joy is not merely emotional happiness but a deep-seated contentment and peace that comes from a relationship with God. In the cultural context of the time, joy was often associated with the presence and favor of God. Theologically, this joy is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and is made complete through the fulfillment of God's promises and the believer's alignment with His will. The phrase also connects to the eschatological hope of ultimate joy in the presence of God (Revelation 21:4).

I have spoken these things to you in figures of speech.
Jesus often used parables and metaphors to convey deeper spiritual truths. This method was common in Jewish teaching, allowing listeners to engage with the message on multiple levels. The use of figures of speech can be seen throughout the Gospels, such as in the parables of the sower (Matthew 13:3-9) and the prodigal son (Luke 15:11-32). These stories were designed to reveal truths to those who were spiritually receptive while concealing them from those who were not. This approach fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 6:9-10 about people hearing but not understanding.

An hour is coming when I will no longer speak to you this way,
Jesus refers to a future time when His teachings will be made clear. This "hour" signifies a pivotal moment in salvation history, often associated with His death, resurrection, and the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. The disciples would soon experience a transformation in their understanding, as the Holy Spirit would guide them into all truth (John 16:13). This promise of clarity is a reassurance that the mysteries of the Kingdom will be unveiled to them.

but will tell you plainly about the Father.
The promise of speaking plainly indicates a direct revelation of God's nature and will. Jesus, as the Son, has unique access to the Father and reveals Him fully (John 1:18). This direct communication is a fulfillment of the new covenant, where God writes His laws on the hearts of His people (Jeremiah 31:33-34). The clarity of Jesus' future teachings would be evident in the apostles' writings and the early church's understanding of the Gospel, as seen in the epistles where the nature of God and His plan for salvation are expounded.

In that day
This phrase refers to a future time when the disciples will have a new understanding and relationship with God through the Holy Spirit. It points to the period after Jesus' resurrection and the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 2). This "day" signifies the new covenant era, where believers have direct access to God.

you will ask in My name.
Asking in Jesus' name implies praying with His authority and in alignment with His will. It reflects a deep relationship with Christ, where believers are united with Him. This concept is rooted in the understanding that Jesus is the mediator between God and humanity (1 Timothy 2:5). It also fulfills the promise of answered prayer when requests are made according to His will (1 John 5:14-15).

I am not saying that I will ask the Father on your behalf.
Here, Jesus clarifies that His role is not to act as a barrier between believers and the Father but to facilitate direct access. This statement emphasizes the believer's direct relationship with God, made possible through Jesus' sacrificial work. It highlights the intimacy and confidence believers can have in approaching God, as seen in Hebrews 4:16, where believers are encouraged to approach the throne of grace with confidence.

For the Father Himself loves you
This phrase emphasizes the direct and personal love of God the Father for believers. In the context of the Gospel of John, this love is not abstract but deeply relational, reflecting the intimate relationship between God and His children. The Father’s love is foundational to the Christian faith, as seen in John 3:16, where God’s love for the world is demonstrated through the giving of His Son. This love is also a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as those found in Jeremiah 31:3, where God declares His everlasting love for His people. The use of "Himself" underscores the personal nature of this love, distinguishing it from a mediated or distant affection.

because you have loved Me
The love for Jesus is a response to the revelation of who He is—the Messiah and the Son of God. This love is not merely emotional but is demonstrated through obedience and commitment to His teachings, as seen in John 14:15, "If you love Me, you will keep My commandments." The disciples' love for Jesus is a reflection of their understanding and acceptance of His divine mission. In the cultural context of the time, love was often expressed through loyalty and allegiance, which the disciples showed by following Jesus despite societal and religious opposition.

and have believed that I came from God
Belief in Jesus' divine origin is central to the Christian faith. This phrase affirms the disciples' recognition of Jesus as the one sent by God, fulfilling the messianic prophecies of the Old Testament, such as Isaiah 9:6, which speaks of a child born who will be called "Mighty God." The acknowledgment of Jesus' divine mission is crucial, as it distinguishes true disciples from those who merely see Him as a prophet or teacher. This belief is also a key theme in the Gospel of John, where Jesus' identity and mission are repeatedly affirmed, as in John 1:14, "The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us." The historical context of this belief was radical, as it challenged the prevailing Jewish expectations of the Messiah and the nature of God’s intervention in the world.

I came from the Father
This phrase emphasizes the pre-existence of Jesus, affirming His divine origin and eternal relationship with God the Father. It reflects the theological concept of the Trinity, where Jesus is one with the Father yet distinct in personhood. This aligns with John 1:1-14, where Jesus is described as the Word who was with God and was God, and who became flesh. The statement underscores Jesus' divine mission and authority, as He is not merely a prophet or teacher but the incarnate Son of God.

and entered the world.
This highlights the incarnation, where Jesus took on human form and lived among humanity. It signifies His willingness to humble Himself and experience human life, as described in Philippians 2:6-8. The world, in this context, often represents a realm opposed to God, filled with sin and darkness. Jesus' entry into the world was a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 7:14, which foretold the coming of Immanuel, "God with us." His presence in the world was to bring light, salvation, and the revelation of God's love.

In turn, I will leave the world
This phrase foreshadows Jesus' impending death, resurrection, and ascension. It indicates the temporary nature of His earthly ministry and His return to the Father. The departure is not a defeat but a necessary step in the redemptive plan, as His death would atone for sin and His resurrection would conquer death. This transition is crucial for the coming of the Holy Spirit, as Jesus explains in John 16:7, which would empower the disciples to continue His work.

and go to the Father.”
This completes the cycle of Jesus' mission, returning to the Father after accomplishing His work on earth. It signifies His exaltation and the restoration of His glory, as seen in John 17:5. The ascension is a pivotal event, marking Jesus' victory over sin and death and His ongoing intercession for believers at the right hand of God, as described in Hebrews 7:25. This return also assures believers of their future hope, as Jesus prepares a place for them, as promised in John 14:2-3.

His disciples said
This phrase indicates a direct response from the disciples to Jesus. The disciples often struggled to understand Jesus' teachings, which were sometimes conveyed in parables or symbolic language. Their response here shows a moment of clarity and understanding. This interaction takes place during the Last Supper, a significant event in the Gospel narrative, where Jesus prepares His disciples for His impending death and resurrection.

See, now You are speaking plainly
The disciples express relief and appreciation for Jesus' clear communication. Throughout His ministry, Jesus used parables and metaphors to convey deeper spiritual truths (e.g., Matthew 13:10-17). Here, He speaks directly about His relationship with the Father and the coming of the Holy Spirit, which is crucial for the disciples' understanding of their mission after His departure. This moment foreshadows the clarity and understanding they will receive through the Holy Spirit (John 14:26).

and without figures of speech.
Figures of speech, such as parables and allegories, were common in Jesus' teachings. They served to reveal truths to those open to understanding while concealing them from those who were not (Mark 4:11-12). The disciples' recognition of Jesus speaking plainly signifies a pivotal moment in their spiritual journey, as they begin to grasp the reality of His mission and the nature of His kingdom. This clarity is essential for their role as apostles, who will later spread the Gospel message to the world (Acts 1:8).

Now we understand that You know all things
This phrase reflects the disciples' growing recognition of Jesus' divine omniscience. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus has repeatedly demonstrated His knowledge of people's thoughts and circumstances (e.g., John 2:24-25, John 4:17-19). This acknowledgment by the disciples is significant as it shows their increasing faith and understanding of Jesus' divine nature. The concept of God knowing all things is rooted in the Old Testament, where God's omniscience is a key attribute (Psalm 139:1-4).

and that You have no need for anyone to question You.
Here, the disciples express their belief that Jesus' wisdom and authority are self-evident, requiring no external validation. This statement can be seen as a response to Jesus' earlier teachings and actions, which have consistently revealed His divine authority (John 5:19-30). In the cultural context of the time, rabbis and teachers were often questioned to test their knowledge and authority. The disciples' statement indicates their recognition that Jesus transcends human teaching and understanding.

Because of this, we believe that You came from God.”
This declaration of faith is a pivotal moment for the disciples, affirming their belief in Jesus' divine origin. Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus has made claims about His relationship with the Father (John 5:36-37, John 8:42). The disciples' confession aligns with the prologue of John, which states that Jesus is the Word made flesh, sent from God (John 1:14). This belief is foundational to Christian doctrine, emphasizing Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah (Isaiah 7:14, Micah 5:2).

Do you finally believe?
This question from Jesus comes at a pivotal moment in His discourse with the disciples. It follows a series of teachings and revelations about His impending departure and the coming of the Holy Spirit. The disciples have expressed a form of belief, but Jesus challenges the depth and maturity of their faith. This question underscores the theme of belief throughout the Gospel of John, where faith is not just intellectual assent but a deep, transformative trust in Jesus as the Messiah. The question also anticipates the trials the disciples will face, testing the authenticity of their belief. This moment is reminiscent of other instances in the Gospels where Jesus questions the faith of His followers, such as in Matthew 14:31 when He asks Peter, "Why did you doubt?" It highlights the ongoing journey of faith that requires growth and perseverance.

Jesus replied.
The fact that Jesus replies indicates a response to the disciples' previous statements of understanding and belief. This interaction occurs during the Last Supper, a setting rich with symbolic and prophetic significance. Jesus' reply is not just a casual response but a profound engagement with the spiritual state of His disciples. It reflects His role as the Good Shepherd, guiding and correcting His flock. The reply also serves as a prelude to the events of the Passion, where the disciples' faith will be severely tested. Jesus' response is both a challenge and an invitation to deeper faith, echoing His earlier teachings in John 14:1, "Do not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God; believe also in me." This moment is a critical juncture in the narrative, emphasizing the necessity of genuine belief in the face of impending trials.

Look, an hour is coming and has already come
This phrase indicates the immediacy and certainty of the events Jesus is predicting. The "hour" often refers to significant moments in Jesus' ministry, particularly His passion and crucifixion. This reflects the fulfillment of divine timing, as seen in John 2:4 and John 12:23, where Jesus speaks of His "hour" in terms of His mission and glorification. The duality of "is coming and has already come" suggests the unfolding of God's plan, emphasizing the inevitability of the disciples' scattering.

when you will be scattered, each to his own home
This scattering fulfills the prophecy found in Zechariah 13:7, "Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered." The disciples' dispersion highlights their human frailty and fear in the face of persecution. Historically, this scattering occurred after Jesus' arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26:56). The phrase "each to his own home" underscores the personal retreat and isolation the disciples experienced, reflecting their initial inability to stand firm in their faith.

and you will leave Me all alone
This statement foreshadows the abandonment Jesus would face from His closest followers. It emphasizes the loneliness and betrayal He would endure, aligning with Psalm 22:1, which Jesus quotes on the cross, expressing His sense of forsakenness. Theologically, this abandonment highlights the depth of Jesus' sacrifice, as He faced the crucifixion without human support, fulfilling His role as the suffering servant prophesied in Isaiah 53.

Yet I am not alone, because the Father is with Me
Despite the physical abandonment by His disciples, Jesus affirms His unity with the Father. This reflects the intimate relationship within the Trinity, as seen throughout the Gospel of John (John 10:30, John 14:10-11). The presence of the Father with Jesus during His trials underscores the divine support and purpose in His mission. This assurance of the Father's presence provides a model of faith and reliance on God, even in times of human isolation and suffering.

I have told you these things
This phrase refers to the teachings and revelations Jesus has shared with His disciples throughout His ministry, particularly in the Upper Room Discourse (John 13-16). Jesus prepares His followers for His impending departure and the coming challenges. This forewarning is an act of love and care, ensuring they are not caught off guard by future events.

so that in Me you may have peace.
The peace Jesus offers is not the absence of conflict but a deep, abiding sense of well-being and assurance found only in Him. This peace is rooted in the relationship with Christ and is a fulfillment of the promise of peace given in Isaiah 9:6, where the Messiah is called the "Prince of Peace." It contrasts with the temporary and often superficial peace the world offers.

In the world you will have tribulation.
Tribulation refers to the trials, persecutions, and hardships believers will face. This is a realistic acknowledgment of the Christian life, as seen in the early church's experiences in Acts and the epistles. The world, under the influence of sin and opposition to God, naturally brings challenges to those who follow Christ. This echoes the warnings found in Matthew 5:10-12 and 2 Timothy 3:12.

But take courage;
Jesus calls His followers to be courageous in the face of adversity. This courage is not self-derived but is empowered by faith in Christ and the Holy Spirit's presence. The call to courage is a recurring biblical theme, seen in God's exhortations to Joshua (Joshua 1:9) and throughout the Psalms.

I have overcome the world!”
This declaration of victory is central to Christian hope. Jesus' overcoming the world refers to His triumph over sin, death, and Satan through His death and resurrection. This victory is prophesied in Genesis 3:15 and fulfilled in the resurrection accounts. Believers share in this victory, as seen in Romans 8:37, where Paul states that we are "more than conquerors" through Christ.