Now Korah son of Izhar, the son of Kohath son of Levi
Korah is identified as a Levite, specifically from the Kohathite clan. The Kohathites were responsible for the care of the sanctuary's most sacred objects (Numbers 4:4-15). This lineage is significant because it highlights Korah's privileged position within the Israelite community, yet he still sought more power. The Levites were set apart for religious duties, and Korah's rebellion can be seen as a challenge to the divinely appointed leadership of Moses and Aaron. This reflects a recurring biblical theme of pride and ambition leading to downfall, reminiscent of Lucifer's rebellion in Isaiah 14:12-15.

along with some Reubenites—Dathan and Abiram, sons of Eliab, and On son of Peleth—
The mention of Reubenites, specifically Dathan, Abiram, and On, indicates a coalition of discontent. Reuben was the firstborn of Jacob, and his descendants might have felt entitled to leadership roles. This alliance between Levites and Reubenites suggests a broader dissatisfaction with Moses' leadership. Historically, tribal affiliations were strong, and such alliances could threaten the unity of the Israelite camp. The Reubenites' involvement underscores the theme of rebellion against God’s chosen order, as seen in other biblical narratives like Absalom's rebellion against David (2 Samuel 15).

conducted
The term "conducted" implies an organized and deliberate action. This was not a spontaneous uprising but a calculated challenge to Moses' authority. The rebellion can be seen as a type of Christ's rejection by the religious leaders of His time, who also questioned His authority and sought to undermine His mission (Matthew 21:23-27). This phrase sets the stage for the ensuing conflict and divine judgment, emphasizing the seriousness of rebelling against God's appointed leaders.

a rebellion against Moses
This phrase highlights a significant moment of dissent within the Israelite community. Moses, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt, faced opposition from within his own people. This rebellion is a direct challenge to the authority God had established. Historically, such rebellions were not uncommon in ancient societies, where leadership was often contested. Biblically, this rebellion can be seen as a test of faith and obedience to God's chosen leader, paralleling other instances of rebellion against divine authority, such as the rebellion of Lucifer in heaven (Isaiah 14:12-15).

along with 250 men of Israel
The number 250 signifies a substantial group, indicating that this was not a minor disagreement but a significant uprising. These men were not ordinary members of the community; they were influential and respected. The involvement of such a large group suggests widespread discontent and a serious threat to Moses' leadership. This mirrors other biblical accounts where large groups opposed God's plans, such as the spies who discouraged the Israelites from entering the Promised Land (Numbers 13-14).

renowned as leaders of the congregation
These men were not just followers; they were leaders, suggesting that the rebellion had the potential to sway the entire community. Their renown implies that they had a history of leadership and were trusted by the people. This adds weight to the rebellion, as it was not led by outsiders or unknown figures but by those who had previously held positions of authority. This can be compared to the Pharisees and Sadducees in the New Testament, who were respected leaders yet opposed Jesus (Matthew 23).

and representatives in the assembly
As representatives, these men held positions of responsibility and were likely involved in decision-making processes. Their participation in the rebellion indicates a breakdown in the established order and a challenge to the divinely appointed leadership structure. This reflects the broader biblical theme of human resistance to God's order, seen in the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9) and the rejection of Jesus by the religious leaders of His time (John 1:11).

They came together against Moses and Aaron
This phrase indicates a rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, along with 250 leaders of the community. This opposition highlights a significant challenge to the God-ordained leadership of Moses and Aaron. The gathering against them suggests a coordinated effort, reflecting a deep-seated discontent among certain factions within Israel. Historically, this rebellion occurs during the Israelites' wilderness journey, a time marked by frequent complaints and challenges to leadership (Exodus 16:2, Numbers 14:2).

and told them, “You have taken too much upon yourselves!
The accusation implies that Moses and Aaron have overstepped their roles, suggesting an abuse of power or authority. This reflects a misunderstanding or rejection of the divine appointment of Moses and Aaron as leaders. The phrase echoes the human tendency to resist divinely established authority, a theme seen throughout Scripture (Romans 13:1-2).

For everyone in the entire congregation is holy,
This claim references the idea that all Israelites are set apart as God's chosen people (Exodus 19:6). However, it overlooks the specific roles and responsibilities assigned by God, particularly the unique priestly duties given to Aaron and his descendants. The assertion of universal holiness is a distortion of the covenant relationship, ignoring the structure God established for worship and leadership.

and the LORD is in their midst.
This acknowledges God's presence among the Israelites, a truth evidenced by the tabernacle and the cloud of glory (Exodus 40:34-38). However, the rebels use this truth to justify their challenge, failing to recognize that God's presence does not negate the need for appointed leaders. The presence of the LORD is a central theme in Israel's journey, emphasizing both privilege and responsibility.

Why then do you exalt yourselves above the assembly of the LORD?”
The question challenges the perceived elevation of Moses and Aaron, accusing them of self-promotion. This reflects a misunderstanding of their roles as servants of God, chosen to lead and intercede for the people (Exodus 32:11-14). The accusation of self-exaltation is ironic, as it is the rebels who seek to elevate themselves. This mirrors the pride and rebellion seen in other biblical figures who resist God's order (Isaiah 14:12-15).

When Moses heard this
Moses, as the leader of the Israelites, was often the recipient of complaints and challenges. In this context, "this" refers to the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. This rebellion is significant as it represents a direct challenge to God's appointed leaders. The Israelites were in the wilderness, a time of testing and reliance on God's guidance. Moses' role as a mediator between God and the people is crucial, and this rebellion threatens the order established by God.

he fell facedown
Falling facedown is a posture of humility, submission, and prayer. It indicates Moses' immediate response to seek God's guidance and intervention. This act is consistent with Moses' character as a humble leader who often intercedes for the people (Exodus 32:11-14, Numbers 14:13-19). In the ancient Near Eastern culture, prostration was a common expression of reverence and supplication, especially in the presence of a deity or a king. Moses' action here can be seen as an appeal to God for wisdom and judgment in dealing with the rebellion. This posture also prefigures Christ's humility and submission to the Father's will, as seen in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26:39).

Then he said to Korah and all his followers
Moses addresses Korah and his followers, who are challenging the leadership and priesthood established by God. This rebellion is significant as it represents a direct challenge to God's appointed order. Korah, a Levite, sought the priesthood, which was reserved for Aaron and his descendants. This reflects a broader theme of rebellion against divine authority, seen throughout Scripture, such as in the rebellion of Satan and the fall of man in Genesis 3.

Tomorrow morning the LORD will reveal who belongs to Him and who is holy
The timing of "tomorrow morning" indicates a period of waiting and reflection, allowing the rebels to consider their actions. The phrase "the LORD will reveal" underscores God's sovereignty and His role as the ultimate judge. The concept of holiness is central, as it denotes being set apart for God's purposes. This echoes the separation of Israel as God's chosen people (Exodus 19:5-6) and foreshadows the New Testament teaching of the Church as a holy nation (1 Peter 2:9).

and He will bring that person near to Himself
This phrase highlights the privilege of being in God's presence, a theme prevalent in the Old Testament, where only the high priest could enter the Holy of Holies once a year (Leviticus 16). It points to the intimacy and favor associated with being chosen by God. This anticipates the New Covenant, where believers are brought near to God through Christ (Ephesians 2:13).

The one He chooses He will bring near to Himself
God's choice is based on His divine will and purpose, not human merit. This principle is seen in God's selection of David over his brothers (1 Samuel 16:7) and is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing God's sovereignty in election. It also prefigures Christ, the chosen one, who brings believers near to God through His sacrificial death and resurrection (John 15:16, Hebrews 10:19-22).

You, Korah, and all your followers are to do as follows:
This phrase addresses Korah, a Levite, and his followers who challenged the leadership of Moses and Aaron. The rebellion is significant as it represents a direct challenge to God's appointed leaders. Korah's followers included 250 leaders of the congregation, indicating a substantial faction within the Israelite community. This rebellion is a pivotal moment in Israel's wilderness journey, highlighting issues of authority and divine appointment. The context is crucial, as it occurs after the Israelites' refusal to enter the Promised Land, reflecting a period of unrest and dissatisfaction among the people.

Take censers,
Censers were vessels used for burning incense, a practice integral to Israelite worship and priestly duties. The instruction to take censers is significant because it symbolizes the priestly role, which Korah and his followers sought to usurp. In the broader biblical context, censers are associated with the priesthood and the tabernacle, emphasizing the sacredness of the task. The use of censers by Korah and his followers is a direct challenge to the Aaronic priesthood, as only those appointed by God were permitted to perform such duties. This act foreshadows the judgment that will follow, as it is a test of divine approval. The censers also serve as a type of Christ, who is our ultimate High Priest, mediating between God and humanity.

and tomorrow you are to place fire and incense in them in the presence of the LORD.
This phrase refers to the test that Moses proposed to Korah and his followers, who were challenging the leadership of Moses and Aaron. The use of fire and incense in censers was a priestly duty, signifying worship and intercession before God. The act of placing fire and incense is reminiscent of the duties of the priests as outlined in Leviticus 16:12-13, where Aaron is instructed to take a censer full of burning coals and incense to create a cloud of smoke, symbolizing the prayers of the people rising to God. The presence of the LORD indicates the sacredness of the act and the seriousness of the challenge. This test was to be conducted the next day, emphasizing the immediacy and urgency of resolving the rebellion.

Then the man the LORD chooses will be the one who is holy.
This statement underscores the belief that God alone has the authority to appoint His servants. The term "holy" here refers to being set apart for God's service. In the context of the Old Testament, holiness is often associated with being chosen by God for a specific purpose, as seen in the consecration of Aaron and his sons in Exodus 28:1. The selection by God is a recurring theme, as seen in the anointing of David in 1 Samuel 16:12-13, where God chooses based on His criteria, not human judgment. This phrase also foreshadows the New Testament concept of Jesus Christ as the chosen one, the ultimate High Priest, as described in Hebrews 5:4-5.

It is you sons of Levi who have taken too much upon yourselves!”
This rebuke is directed at the Levites, specifically Korah and his followers, who were overstepping their God-given roles. The Levites were set apart for service in the tabernacle, but only the descendants of Aaron were permitted to serve as priests (Numbers 3:10). By seeking the priesthood, Korah and his followers were challenging God's established order. This echoes the warning against pride and presumption found in Proverbs 16:18, "Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall." The phrase highlights the importance of recognizing and respecting the roles and responsibilities assigned by God, a principle that is reiterated in the New Testament in passages like 1 Corinthians 12:18, where Paul speaks of God arranging the members of the body, each with its own function.

Moses also said to Korah
Moses, the leader appointed by God to guide the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness, addresses Korah directly. Korah, a Levite, led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron, challenging their leadership and the priesthood's exclusivity. This confrontation highlights the tension between divine appointment and human ambition. The rebellion is a significant event, illustrating the dangers of pride and disobedience against God's established order. Korah's challenge is not just against Moses but against God's authority, as Moses was chosen by God to lead His people.

Now listen
This phrase is a call to attention, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation. Moses is about to deliver a message of great importance, and it is crucial for Korah and his followers to heed his words. The imperative "listen" suggests that what follows is not merely advice but a divine warning. In biblical narratives, listening often implies obedience, and failure to listen can lead to dire consequences, as seen in the outcome of Korah's rebellion.

you sons of Levi!
The Levites were set apart for religious duties and service in the tabernacle. By addressing them as "sons of Levi," Moses reminds them of their privileged position and responsibilities. This designation underscores the gravity of their rebellion, as they were already chosen for a special role in God's service. The Levites' dissatisfaction and desire for more power reflect a deeper issue of ingratitude and rebellion against God's provision. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical theme of God's chosen people and the responsibilities that come with divine election. The rebellion of the Levites serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of coveting roles and positions not assigned by God.

Is it not enough for you
This phrase addresses the dissatisfaction and rebellion of Korah and his followers. It highlights the human tendency to desire more than what God has provided, reflecting a lack of contentment and gratitude. This echoes the broader biblical theme of contentment found in passages like Philippians 4:11-13, where Paul speaks of being content in all circumstances.

that the God of Israel
This emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and Israel. The title "God of Israel" underscores His role as the divine protector and leader of the nation, a theme that runs throughout the Old Testament. It also serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the special status of Israel as His chosen people, as seen in Deuteronomy 7:6.

has separated you from the congregation of Israel
The concept of separation here refers to the Levites being set apart for special service to God. This separation is a form of sanctification, a theme that is prevalent throughout Scripture. The Levites were chosen to serve in the tabernacle, highlighting the importance of holiness and dedication to God's service, as seen in Leviticus 20:26.

and brought you near to Himself
This phrase indicates a privileged position of closeness to God, which was a significant honor. The Levites had the unique role of serving in the tabernacle, symbolizing a closer relationship with God. This foreshadows the New Testament concept of believers being brought near to God through Christ, as seen in Ephesians 2:13.

to perform the work at the LORD’s tabernacle
The work at the tabernacle involved various duties, including maintenance, sacrifices, and rituals, which were essential for the spiritual life of Israel. This service was a precursor to the priestly work of Christ, who serves as our High Priest, as described in Hebrews 4:14-16. The tabernacle itself is a type of Christ, representing God's dwelling among His people.

and to stand before the congregation to minister to them
This highlights the role of the Levites as intermediaries between God and the people, a role that required both service and leadership. The Levites' ministry is a type of Christ's ministry, who stands as the ultimate mediator between God and humanity, as seen in 1 Timothy 2:5. The Levites' service also points to the New Testament teaching that all believers are called to minister to one another, as seen in 1 Peter 4:10.

He has brought you near
This phrase highlights God's selection and consecration of the Levites for special service. In the context of Numbers 16, God had chosen the tribe of Levi to assist the priests in the tabernacle, signifying a privileged position of nearness to God. This nearness is a recurring theme in Scripture, where God draws certain individuals or groups closer for specific purposes, as seen with figures like Moses (Exodus 3:4) and the nation of Israel (Deuteronomy 4:7). The Levites' role was to maintain the holiness of the tabernacle, a precursor to the New Testament concept of believers being a royal priesthood (1 Peter 2:9).

you and all your fellow Levites
This phrase emphasizes the collective calling of the Levites, not just an individual appointment. The Levites were set apart from the other tribes of Israel to perform duties related to the tabernacle (Numbers 3:5-10). This collective calling reflects the communal nature of worship and service in ancient Israel, where the community played a central role in religious life. It also prefigures the New Testament church, where believers are called to serve together as one body (1 Corinthians 12:12-27).

but you are seeking the priesthood as well
This phrase addresses the rebellion of Korah and his followers, who were Levites but not priests. They challenged the exclusive priesthood of Aaron and his descendants, seeking a role that God had not assigned to them. This rebellion is a significant event in Israel's history, illustrating the dangers of pride and discontent with God's ordained order. It serves as a warning against coveting positions of authority and highlights the importance of respecting God's appointments. The desire for the priesthood can be seen as a type of the broader human tendency to seek positions of power and recognition, contrasting with the humility exemplified by Jesus Christ, who did not grasp at equality with God but took on the form of a servant (Philippians 2:6-7).

Therefore, it is you and all your followers who have conspired against the LORD!
This phrase addresses the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses and Aaron. The context is the Israelites' journey through the wilderness after the Exodus from Egypt. The rebellion is not merely against human leaders but against God Himself, as Moses was appointed by God to lead His people. This highlights the seriousness of the rebellion, as it challenges divine authority. The use of "conspired" indicates a deliberate and organized effort to undermine God's chosen leadership. This rebellion can be seen as a type of the ultimate rebellion against God, which is sin. The phrase also echoes the theme of authority and submission found throughout Scripture, such as in Romans 13:1-2, where believers are instructed to submit to governing authorities as they are established by God.

As for Aaron, who is he that you should grumble against him?”
Aaron, the brother of Moses, was appointed by God as the first high priest of Israel. The question posed here emphasizes Aaron's role as a servant of God, not someone who sought power for himself. The grumbling against Aaron reflects a deeper issue of discontent and lack of trust in God's provision and plan. This mirrors the Israelites' frequent complaints during their wilderness journey, as seen in Exodus 16:2-3 and Numbers 14:2. Aaron's role as high priest is a type of Christ, who is our ultimate High Priest, as explained in Hebrews 4:14-16. The grumbling against Aaron can be seen as a foreshadowing of the rejection and opposition Jesus faced during His earthly ministry.

Then Moses summoned Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab
Moses, as the leader appointed by God, exercises his authority by summoning Dathan and Abiram. These men are identified as the sons of Eliab, who belonged to the tribe of Reuben. The tribe of Reuben, being the firstborn of Jacob, might have felt entitled to leadership, which could contribute to their rebellious attitude. This context is crucial as it highlights the ongoing tension and challenges to Moses' leadership. The summoning indicates a formal call to address grievances, reflecting the judicial and leadership practices of ancient Israel.

but they said, “We will not come!”
Dathan and Abiram's refusal to come is a direct act of rebellion against Moses' authority. This defiance is significant as it not only challenges Moses but also the divine order established by God. Their response reflects a deeper issue of discontent and rebellion among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. This act of insubordination is reminiscent of other biblical instances where God's chosen leaders faced opposition, such as the rebellion against King David by Absalom. The refusal to heed Moses' summons can be seen as a type of rejection of Christ, who is the ultimate leader and mediator between God and humanity. This phrase underscores the theme of rebellion and the consequences of rejecting divinely appointed authority.

Is it not enough that you have brought us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey
This phrase is spoken by Dathan and Abiram, who are part of the rebellion against Moses led by Korah. Ironically, they refer to Egypt as a "land flowing with milk and honey," a description typically reserved for Canaan, the Promised Land (Exodus 3:8). This reflects a distorted memory of Egypt, where the Israelites were enslaved. It highlights the human tendency to romanticize the past when faced with present difficulties. The phrase also underscores the rebellion's lack of faith in God's promises, as they fail to see the true land of abundance that God has prepared for them.

to kill us in the wilderness?
This accusation against Moses and, by extension, God, reveals a deep mistrust and fear among the Israelites. The wilderness represents a place of testing and dependence on God (Deuteronomy 8:2). Historically, the wilderness journey was a consequence of the Israelites' disobedience and lack of faith (Numbers 14:29-35). This complaint echoes earlier grumblings (Exodus 16:3), showing a recurring pattern of doubt and rebellion. It also foreshadows the ultimate judgment on this generation, who would not enter the Promised Land due to their unbelief.

Must you also appoint yourself as ruler over us?
This challenge to Moses' leadership questions his authority and God's choice of him as leader. Moses' leadership was divinely appointed (Exodus 3:10), and his role as mediator between God and the people prefigures Christ's mediatorial role (Hebrews 3:1-6). The rebellion against Moses can be seen as a rebellion against God's order and plan. This phrase reflects a broader theme of human resistance to divinely established authority, which is addressed throughout Scripture (Romans 13:1-2). The challenge also highlights the Israelites' desire for autonomy and their struggle with submission to God's will.

Moreover, you have not brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey
This phrase reflects the Israelites' disappointment and frustration with Moses' leadership. The "land flowing with milk and honey" is a reference to the Promised Land, Canaan, which God had promised to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Exodus 3:8). This description emphasizes the fertility and abundance of the land. The Israelites' complaint highlights their lack of faith and impatience, as they were still in the wilderness and had not yet entered Canaan due to their own disobedience and lack of trust in God's promises (Numbers 14:22-23).

or given us an inheritance of fields and vineyards
The expectation of receiving "fields and vineyards" underscores the Israelites' desire for a settled, prosperous life in the Promised Land. In ancient Near Eastern culture, land ownership was a sign of stability and blessing. The promise of an inheritance was significant, as it was tied to the covenant God made with the patriarchs (Genesis 15:18-21). The complaint here reflects a misunderstanding or impatience with God's timing and plan, as the journey to the Promised Land was delayed due to the Israelites' rebellion and lack of faith (Numbers 14:34).

Will you gouge out the eyes of these men?
This rhetorical question is an expression of anger and accusation against Moses. It suggests that the leaders felt deceived or misled, as if Moses was trying to blind them to the truth. The phrase "gouge out the eyes" is a hyperbolic expression indicating severe mistreatment or deception. In the cultural context, sight was often associated with understanding and perception, so this accusation implies that Moses was trying to lead them astray or keep them in ignorance.

No, we will not come!
This statement of defiance and refusal to obey Moses' summons is indicative of the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses' authority (Numbers 16:1-3). It reflects a broader theme of rebellion and disobedience among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. This refusal to submit to God-appointed leadership is a recurring issue in the narrative of the Exodus and wilderness wanderings, highlighting the tension between divine authority and human resistance. The rebellion ultimately leads to severe consequences, as God reaffirms Moses' leadership and punishes the rebels (Numbers 16:31-35).

Then Moses became very angry
Moses' anger here is significant as it reflects righteous indignation rather than personal vendetta. In the biblical context, anger is often seen as a response to injustice or rebellion against God. Moses, as a leader chosen by God, is reacting to the rebellion of Korah and his followers, who challenge his God-given authority. This anger aligns with other instances in Scripture where leaders express anger in defense of God's honor, such as Jesus cleansing the temple (John 2:13-17).

and said to the LORD
Moses' immediate response is to turn to God in prayer, demonstrating his reliance on divine guidance and justice. This reflects a pattern seen throughout Moses' leadership, where he consistently seeks God's counsel in times of crisis. It underscores the importance of prayer and communication with God, especially when facing opposition or conflict.

“Do not regard their offering.
Moses requests that God not accept the offerings of the rebellious group. In the cultural and religious context of ancient Israel, offerings were a means of seeking favor or forgiveness from God. By asking God to disregard their offerings, Moses is essentially asking God to reject their attempt to legitimize their rebellion. This highlights the principle that God values obedience and a right heart over ritualistic offerings (1 Samuel 15:22).

I have not taken one donkey from them
Moses defends his integrity by stating he has not taken anything from the people, not even a donkey, which was a valuable asset in that time. This assertion of honesty and fairness is crucial in establishing his credibility as a leader. It echoes Samuel's similar defense of his integrity in 1 Samuel 12:3-5, emphasizing the importance of leaders being above reproach.

or mistreated a single one of them.”
Moses further asserts that he has not wronged any of the people, highlighting his just and fair treatment of them. This is important in the context of the accusations against him, as it demonstrates that the rebellion is unfounded. It also reflects the biblical principle that leaders should be shepherds who care for their flock, as seen in the example of Jesus, the Good Shepherd (John 10:11-14).

And Moses said to Korah
Moses, the leader of the Israelites, addresses Korah, a Levite who has instigated a rebellion against Moses and Aaron's leadership. This confrontation highlights the tension between the established leadership and those who challenge it. Korah's rebellion is significant as it represents a direct challenge to God's appointed leaders, reflecting a broader theme of rebellion against divine authority seen throughout the Bible.

You and all your followers
Korah is not alone in his rebellion; he has gathered a group of followers, including 250 leaders of the congregation, who are influential and respected men. This collective dissent underscores the seriousness of the challenge to Moses and Aaron's leadership. It also reflects the human tendency to seek power and question authority, a recurring theme in the narrative of the Israelites.

are to appear before the LORD tomorrow
Moses sets a specific time for Korah and his followers to present themselves before God, indicating that the matter will be settled by divine judgment. This phrase emphasizes the importance of God's direct involvement in resolving disputes among His people. The concept of appearing before the LORD is significant, as it implies a formal and solemn occasion where God's presence will be manifest, reminiscent of other biblical instances where God intervenes directly in human affairs.

you and they and Aaron
Moses includes Aaron in the group that is to appear before the LORD, highlighting Aaron's role as the high priest and God's chosen representative. This inclusion serves to reaffirm Aaron's divinely appointed position, contrasting with Korah's unauthorized claim to priestly authority. The mention of Aaron alongside Korah and his followers sets the stage for a divine demonstration of who truly holds God's favor and authority, a theme that resonates with the broader biblical narrative of God's sovereign choice and the validation of His appointed leaders.

Each man is to take his censer
In the context of Numbers 16, the instruction for each man to take his censer is directed towards Korah and his followers, who were challenging the leadership of Moses and Aaron. The censer, a vessel used for burning incense, symbolizes the priestly duties and the sacredness of approaching God. This act was a test to determine whom God had chosen as His true priests. The use of censers highlights the seriousness of the rebellion, as it involved sacred rituals reserved for the priesthood.

place incense in it
Incense in the Old Testament is often associated with prayer and worship, as seen in Psalm 141:2, where prayer is likened to incense. The act of placing incense in the censer signifies an attempt to offer worship and seek divine approval. However, in this context, it underscores the presumption of Korah's group in assuming a role not appointed to them by God. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the importance of obedience to God's established order.

and present it before the LORD
Presenting the censers before the LORD indicates coming into God's presence, a privilege and responsibility given to the priests. This phrase emphasizes the direct challenge to God's authority, as Korah and his followers sought to present themselves as equals to Aaron. The presence of the LORD is a recurring theme in the Pentateuch, where God's holiness and the proper way to approach Him are central. This act of presenting the censers was a direct confrontation with God's chosen leadership.

250 censers
The number 250 signifies the large following Korah had amassed, indicating a significant rebellion against Moses and Aaron. This number also highlights the widespread discontent among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The collective action of these men with their censers represents a unified front in their challenge, yet it also sets the stage for God's decisive judgment, as seen later in the chapter.

You and Aaron are to present your censers as well.
Moses' instruction for Aaron to present his censer alongside the rebels serves to contrast the divinely appointed priesthood with the presumptuous claims of Korah's group. Aaron's participation underscores his legitimate role as high priest, chosen by God. This act foreshadows the ultimate vindication of Aaron's priesthood, as God demonstrates His choice through the miraculous events that follow. The inclusion of Aaron in this test points to the theme of divine election and the importance of adhering to God's established order, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

So each man took his censer
In the context of Numbers 16, the men referred to are Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and their followers, who challenged the leadership of Moses and Aaron. The censer, a vessel for burning incense, symbolizes the priestly duties they sought to usurp. The use of censers highlights their attempt to claim a role reserved for the Aaronic priesthood, as outlined in Exodus 30:7-10. This act of taking censers is a direct challenge to God's established order.

put fire and incense in it
Fire and incense were integral to the worship practices in the Tabernacle, representing prayers and offerings to God (Psalm 141:2, Revelation 8:3-4). The act of putting fire and incense in the censers signifies an attempt to present themselves as legitimate priests. However, their unauthorized offering contrasts with the prescribed rituals in Leviticus 16:12-13, underscoring their rebellion against divine instructions.

and stood with Moses and Aaron
Standing with Moses and Aaron at this moment is symbolic of their confrontation and defiance. Moses and Aaron, chosen by God to lead Israel, represent divine authority. The rebels' stance is not just physical but also ideological, challenging the God-ordained leadership. This scene echoes earlier instances of rebellion, such as Miriam and Aaron's challenge in Numbers 12, highlighting a recurring theme of opposition to God's chosen leaders.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and God's dwelling among His people (Exodus 25:8-9). Standing at its entrance signifies a critical moment of decision and judgment. This location is significant as it is where God often communicated with Moses (Exodus 33:9-11). The rebels' presence here is a direct affront to God's holiness and order, setting the stage for divine intervention and judgment, as seen in the subsequent verses.

When Korah had gathered his whole assembly against them
Korah, a Levite, led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron, challenging their leadership. This act of defiance is rooted in pride and a desire for power, reflecting a broader theme of rebellion against God's appointed leaders. The assembly included 250 leaders, indicating significant support and influence. This event highlights the dangers of dissent and the importance of respecting divinely established authority. The rebellion is a reminder of the consequences of challenging God's order, as seen in other biblical accounts such as the rebellion of Absalom against David.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. It was a sacred space where God communicated with Moses. The choice of this location for the confrontation underscores the gravity of Korah's rebellion, as it was not just a challenge to Moses and Aaron but an affront to God Himself. The Tent of Meeting symbolizes God's covenant and His desire to dwell with His people, making this rebellion a direct challenge to God's authority and presence.

the glory of the LORD appeared
The glory of the LORD, often associated with a visible manifestation of God's presence, signifies divine intervention. In the Old Testament, God's glory is frequently depicted as a cloud or fire, representing His holiness and power. This appearance serves as a divine response to the rebellion, emphasizing that God Himself will address the challenge to His appointed leaders. The glory of the LORD is a recurring theme, seen in the Exodus narrative and the dedication of Solomon's Temple, symbolizing God's approval and presence.

to the whole congregation
The entire congregation of Israel witnessed the appearance of God's glory, underscoring the public nature of this divine intervention. This event served as a powerful reminder to the Israelites of God's sovereignty and the seriousness of rebellion against His chosen leaders. The collective witness of the congregation reinforces the lesson that God's authority is supreme and that His presence is both a source of guidance and judgment. This public demonstration parallels other instances where God acts decisively in the sight of His people, such as the giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai.

And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
This phrase indicates direct communication from God, emphasizing His active role in guiding the Israelites. The use of "LORD" in all caps signifies the Hebrew name Yahweh, highlighting God's covenant relationship with Israel. This divine communication underscores the authority and leadership of Moses and Aaron, chosen by God to lead His people. In the context of Numbers 16, this follows the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, who challenged the leadership of Moses and Aaron. This rebellion is a significant event, illustrating the consequences of opposing God's appointed leaders. The phrase also connects to other instances where God speaks directly to His prophets, such as in Exodus 3:4 with Moses at the burning bush, reinforcing the theme of divine guidance and authority. This moment foreshadows the ultimate leadership and mediation of Jesus Christ, who is the final and perfect mediator between God and humanity, as seen in 1 Timothy 2:5. Separate yourselves from this congregation
This command is given by God to Moses and Aaron during the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. The term "separate" indicates a divine call for holiness and distinction from sin. In biblical context, separation often signifies God's desire for His people to be set apart from unrighteousness (Leviticus 20:26). The congregation here refers to the Israelites who have aligned themselves with the rebels. This moment echoes the call for separation seen in Genesis 12:1, where God calls Abram to leave his country and people to form a new nation. It also foreshadows the New Testament call for believers to be distinct from the world (2 Corinthians 6:17).

so that I may consume them
The phrase "consume them" reflects God's judgment and wrath against sin and rebellion. In the Old Testament, God's consuming fire is a symbol of His holiness and justice (Deuteronomy 4:24). This is not the first instance of divine judgment by consumption; similar language is used in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24-25). The severity of this judgment underscores the seriousness of rebellion against God's appointed leaders, Moses and Aaron, and ultimately against God Himself. It serves as a warning to the Israelites and future generations about the consequences of disobedience.

in an instant
The immediacy of the judgment highlights God's sovereign power and the urgency of repentance. The phrase "in an instant" suggests that God's judgment can be swift and unexpected, emphasizing the need for constant vigilance and faithfulness among His people. This immediacy is mirrored in other biblical accounts, such as the sudden judgment on Ananias and Sapphira in Acts 5:1-11. It also points to the eschatological theme of the sudden return of Christ, where judgment will come unexpectedly (1 Thessalonians 5:2-3).

But Moses and Aaron fell facedown
This act of falling facedown is a posture of humility and submission before God, often seen in the Old Testament as a response to divine presence or judgment (e.g., Genesis 17:3, Joshua 5:14). It signifies reverence and an earnest plea for mercy. Moses and Aaron, as leaders, demonstrate their recognition of God's authority and their dependence on Him in times of crisis. This act also reflects the seriousness of the situation, as they intercede for the people of Israel.

and said, “O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh,
This phrase acknowledges God's sovereignty over all creation, emphasizing His role as the Creator and Sustainer of life. The term "spirits of all flesh" highlights God's intimate knowledge and authority over every human being. This recognition of God's omnipotence and omniscience is crucial in understanding His ability to judge rightly and justly. It also connects to the broader biblical theme of God as the giver of life (Genesis 2:7) and the one who knows the hearts of all people (1 Samuel 16:7).

when one man sins,
The context here refers to the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses and Aaron's leadership (Numbers 16:1-3). The phrase underscores the biblical principle that sin often has communal consequences, affecting not just the individual but the wider community. This is seen throughout Scripture, such as in the sin of Achan (Joshua 7) and its impact on Israel. It also points to the need for communal responsibility and accountability within the covenant community.

will You be angry with the whole congregation?”
Moses and Aaron's question reflects a concern for collective punishment, a theme present in the Old Testament where the sin of a few can bring consequences upon many (e.g., the plagues in Egypt, the exile of Israel). This plea for mercy highlights the leaders' role as intercessors, akin to Abraham's intercession for Sodom (Genesis 18:22-33). It also foreshadows the ultimate intercessor, Jesus Christ, who stands in the gap for humanity (Hebrews 7:25). The question implies a hope for God's justice to be tempered with mercy, a recurring theme in the narrative of God's dealings with His people.

Then the LORD said to Moses,
This phrase indicates direct communication from God to Moses, a common occurrence in the Pentateuch, highlighting Moses' unique role as a prophet and leader of Israel. The context here is the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses' leadership, which is a significant event in Israel's wilderness journey. This divine communication underscores God's authority and His direct involvement in guiding and correcting His people. It also reflects the theocratic nature of Israel's governance, where God Himself is the ultimate leader. This moment is pivotal as it precedes God's judgment on the rebels, demonstrating His holiness and the seriousness of rebellion against His appointed leaders. The phrase also connects to other instances where God speaks directly to Moses, such as at the burning bush (Exodus 3) and on Mount Sinai (Exodus 19), reinforcing Moses' role as a mediator between God and the Israelites. Tell the congregation
This directive is given by God to Moses, emphasizing the importance of divine communication through chosen leaders. The congregation refers to the assembly of the Israelites, highlighting the communal nature of their journey and worship. This moment underscores the need for obedience to God's commands, a recurring theme throughout the Pentateuch. The congregation's role is pivotal, as they are witnesses to God's power and justice.

to move away
This phrase indicates a physical and spiritual separation. It serves as a warning to avoid association with sin and rebellion. The act of moving away symbolizes repentance and the need to distance oneself from those who oppose God's will. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are urged to flee from sin and pursue righteousness (2 Timothy 2:22).

from the dwellings
The dwellings represent the physical space occupied by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, but also symbolize their influence and rebellion. In ancient Israel, one's dwelling was not just a home but a representation of one's household and legacy. The call to move away from these dwellings is a call to reject the rebellion and its consequences.

of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram
Korah, Dathan, and Abiram were leaders of a rebellion against Moses and Aaron, challenging their God-given authority. This rebellion is detailed in Numbers 16, where Korah, a Levite, sought priestly power, while Dathan and Abiram, from the tribe of Reuben, questioned Moses' leadership. Their actions reflect a broader theme of rebellion against God's appointed leaders, which is a recurring issue in Israel's history. The judgment against them serves as a warning against pride and disobedience. This event foreshadows the ultimate judgment against sin and rebellion, pointing to the need for a mediator, fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who intercedes on behalf of humanity.

So Moses got up and went to Dathan and Abiram
Moses' action of getting up signifies his readiness to confront the rebellion led by Dathan and Abiram, who were part of the Levite tribe but opposed Moses' leadership. This event occurs during a period of significant unrest among the Israelites in the wilderness, as recorded in the Book of Numbers. The rebellion is a direct challenge to the authority God has given Moses, and Moses' response is one of obedience to God's direction. This phrase highlights Moses' role as a mediator between God and the people, a type of Christ who intercedes on behalf of humanity. The act of going to Dathan and Abiram also demonstrates Moses' willingness to address conflict directly, a leadership quality that is emphasized throughout the Pentateuch.

and the elders of Israel followed him
The elders of Israel represent the leadership structure established by Moses under God's guidance, as seen in Exodus 18 when Jethro advises Moses to appoint leaders to help govern the people. Their following Moses indicates their support and recognition of his God-given authority. This unity among the leaders contrasts with the rebellion of Dathan and Abiram, underscoring the importance of following divinely appointed leadership. The elders' presence also serves as witnesses to the events that unfold, ensuring that the account of God's judgment and Moses' leadership is accurately recorded and remembered. This moment foreshadows the New Testament concept of church leadership and the importance of unity within the body of Christ.

And he warned the congregation
Moses, as the leader appointed by God, often acted as a mediator between God and the Israelites. His warning to the congregation highlights his role as a prophet and leader who communicates God's will. This moment reflects the seriousness of rebellion against God's appointed leaders, as seen earlier in the murmuring of the Israelites against Moses and Aaron (Numbers 14:2-4). The warning serves as a call to obedience and discernment, urging the people to separate themselves from those who oppose God's authority.

Move away now from the tents of these wicked men
The command to "move away" underscores the urgency and necessity of distancing oneself from sin and rebellion. The "tents" symbolize the dwelling places and personal domains of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, who led the rebellion against Moses and Aaron. This separation is not just physical but also spiritual, emphasizing the need to avoid association with those who defy God's order. The term "wicked men" identifies the rebels as those who have turned against God's covenant, echoing the biblical theme of separating from evil (Psalm 1:1).

Do not touch anything that belongs to them
This instruction reflects the concept of ritual purity and the danger of being contaminated by association with sin. In the ancient Near Eastern context, touching objects associated with rebellion could render one unclean or complicit in the sin. This idea is paralleled in the New Testament, where believers are urged to avoid even the appearance of evil (1 Thessalonians 5:22). The command also foreshadows the destruction that will come upon the rebels, indicating that everything associated with them is under judgment.

or you will be swept away because of all their sins
The phrase "swept away" conveys the totality of the impending judgment, reminiscent of the flood narrative where the wicked were destroyed (Genesis 6-7). The warning implies that sin has communal consequences, and those who align themselves with sinners risk sharing in their fate. This principle is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are warned about the leaven of sin spreading through the community (1 Corinthians 5:6). The phrase "all their sins" suggests a cumulative effect of rebellion, emphasizing the gravity of turning away from God's commands.

So they moved away from the dwellings of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram.
This phrase refers to the Israelites obeying Moses' warning to distance themselves from the rebellious leaders Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. The context is a rebellion against Moses and Aaron's leadership, which is seen as a challenge to God's appointed order. The act of moving away signifies a separation from sin and rebellion, a theme echoed in other scriptures such as 2 Corinthians 6:17, which calls believers to separate from unrighteousness. The dwellings of these men were likely tents, as the Israelites were still in the wilderness, emphasizing the transient nature of their rebellion against God's eternal plan.

Meanwhile, Dathan and Abiram had come out and stood at the entrances to their tents
Dathan and Abiram's action of standing at the entrances of their tents can be seen as a defiant posture, symbolizing their open rebellion and lack of repentance. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the entrance of a tent or house was a place of significance, often used for judgment or important announcements. Their presence at the entrance indicates their readiness to confront Moses and their unwillingness to submit to God's authority. This defiance is reminiscent of other biblical figures who stood against God's chosen leaders, such as Saul's rebellion against David.

with their wives and children and infants.
The inclusion of their families highlights the communal aspect of sin and its consequences. In the ancient world, the actions of the head of a household often affected the entire family, as seen in the story of Achan in Joshua 7. This phrase underscores the seriousness of rebellion against God, as it not only impacts the individual but also those around them. It serves as a sobering reminder of the generational impact of sin and the importance of leading one's family in righteousness, as emphasized in Deuteronomy 6:6-7.

Then Moses said,
Moses, the leader of the Israelites, is speaking to the congregation. This moment occurs during a rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses' leadership. Moses, as a prophet and leader, often communicated God's will to the people, and his words here are meant to affirm his divine appointment.

“This is how you will know
Moses is about to provide evidence of his divine commission. In biblical narratives, signs and wonders often serve as confirmation of God's presence and authority. This phrase sets the stage for a divine act that will validate Moses' leadership and God's choice.

that the LORD has sent me
Moses emphasizes that his authority comes from the LORD, the covenant name of God, indicating a personal and relational deity who is actively involved in the affairs of His people. This assertion is crucial in distinguishing Moses' leadership from self-appointed authority.

to do all these things,
Refers to the leadership tasks and decisions Moses has undertaken, including leading the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness. This phrase underscores that Moses' actions are not self-motivated but are in obedience to God's commands.

for it was not my own doing:
Moses clarifies that his leadership and the miraculous events surrounding the Israelites are not due to his own power or ambition. This humility is a key characteristic of biblical leaders, who often attribute their success to God's intervention. This statement also preempts any claims that Moses is acting out of personal interest, reinforcing the divine origin of his mission.

If these men die a natural death
This phrase refers to the typical end of life that all humans experience, which is death due to natural causes or old age. In the context of Numbers 16, Moses is addressing the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against his leadership. The implication here is that if these men die in a common way, it would indicate that their rebellion is not divinely judged. This sets the stage for a divine intervention that would confirm Moses' leadership. The natural death mentioned contrasts with the extraordinary judgment that God is about to execute, highlighting the seriousness of their rebellion.

or if they suffer the fate of all men
The "fate of all men" refers to the universal experience of death, emphasizing the commonality of human mortality. In ancient Israelite culture, death was seen as the ultimate equalizer, affecting both the righteous and the wicked. By using this phrase, Moses is underscoring that if these rebels meet a typical end, it would suggest that their actions were not particularly offensive to God. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical theme of divine justice, where God often distinguishes between the righteous and the wicked through extraordinary means.

then the LORD has not sent me
Moses is asserting his divine appointment as the leader of Israel. The phrase implies that his leadership is directly sanctioned by God, and any challenge to it is a challenge to God's authority. In the historical context, Moses' leadership was often questioned, and this statement serves as a test of his divine mission. Theologically, this reflects the biblical principle that true prophets and leaders are validated by God's actions. This phrase also foreshadows the New Testament, where Jesus' authority is confirmed through His resurrection and miracles, serving as divine validation of His mission.

But if the LORD brings about something unprecedented
This phrase introduces the concept of divine intervention in a manner that is unique and unparalleled. In the biblical narrative, God often demonstrates His power through miraculous events that defy natural explanation. This sets the stage for a supernatural act that confirms His authority and judgment. The use of "unprecedented" highlights the extraordinary nature of what is about to occur, emphasizing that it is a direct act of God rather than a natural phenomenon.

and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them
The imagery of the earth opening its mouth is a vivid depiction of divine judgment. This phrase recalls other instances in Scripture where the earth acts as an agent of God's will, such as the splitting of the Red Sea (Exodus 14:21) or the earthquake at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:18). The swallowing of Korah and his followers serves as a physical manifestation of God's wrath against rebellion and sin, reinforcing the seriousness of their transgression.

and all that belongs to them
This indicates the totality of the judgment, extending beyond the individuals to their possessions and households. In ancient Near Eastern culture, one's family and possessions were considered extensions of oneself. The comprehensive nature of this judgment underscores the complete eradication of the rebellion and serves as a warning to others about the consequences of opposing God's appointed leaders.

so that they go down alive into Sheol
Sheol, in the Hebrew Bible, is often understood as the realm of the dead, a place of darkness and silence. The phrase "alive into Sheol" is particularly striking, as it suggests an immediate and living descent into the grave, bypassing the natural process of death. This emphasizes the severity and immediacy of God's judgment. Theologically, it serves as a stark reminder of the reality of divine justice and the fate of those who oppose God.

then you will know that these men have treated the LORD with contempt.
The conclusion of this verse ties the miraculous event directly to the recognition of the sin committed. Treating the LORD with contempt involves a deliberate rejection of His authority and commands. This phrase serves as a divine vindication of Moses' leadership and a clear demonstration of the consequences of rebellion against God. It echoes the broader biblical theme that God will not be mocked and that His holiness demands respect and obedience.

As soon as Moses had finished saying all this
This phrase indicates the immediacy of God's response to Moses' words. Moses had just declared that if the rebels died a natural death, then the Lord had not sent him. This highlights the authority and prophetic role of Moses as God's chosen leader. The immediacy also underscores the seriousness of the rebellion against God's appointed leadership. In the broader biblical context, this reflects the pattern of God confirming His messengers through signs and wonders, as seen with Elijah and Elisha.

the ground beneath them
The ground is often symbolic in Scripture, representing stability and foundation. In this context, it becomes an instrument of divine judgment. The earth itself responds to God's command, demonstrating His sovereignty over creation. This event is reminiscent of other instances where God uses natural elements to execute judgment, such as the plagues in Egypt. It also foreshadows the ultimate judgment where creation will again play a role, as seen in Revelation.

split open
The splitting of the ground is a miraculous event, signifying a direct act of God. This act of judgment is unique in its execution, emphasizing the severity of the rebellion. It serves as a warning to the Israelites and future generations about the consequences of opposing God's ordained leadership. The imagery of the earth opening is also found in prophetic literature, symbolizing destruction and divine wrath. This event can be seen as a type of final judgment, where those who oppose God face ultimate separation from His presence.

and the earth opened its mouth
This phrase signifies a miraculous event orchestrated by God as a direct response to rebellion. In biblical context, the earth opening is a rare occurrence, symbolizing divine judgment. It reflects God's sovereignty over creation, as seen in other instances where nature responds to His command, such as the parting of the Red Sea (Exodus 14:21). The imagery of the earth opening is also reminiscent of the final judgment, where the earth will give up its dead (Revelation 20:13).

and swallowed them
The act of the earth swallowing the rebels is a vivid demonstration of God's immediate and severe judgment against sin and rebellion. This event serves as a warning to the Israelites and future generations about the consequences of defying God's appointed leaders. It parallels other instances of divine retribution, such as the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24-25). The swallowing is both literal and symbolic, indicating total and irreversible judgment.

and their households
The inclusion of households in the judgment highlights the communal nature of sin and its consequences. In ancient Near Eastern culture, families were often seen as a single unit, and the actions of one member could affect the entire household. This reflects the biblical principle that sin can have far-reaching effects beyond the individual, as seen in the story of Achan (Joshua 7:24-25). It underscores the importance of collective responsibility and obedience to God.

all Korah’s men
Korah's men were part of the rebellion against Moses and Aaron, challenging their God-given authority. This rebellion is a significant event in Israel's history, illustrating the dangers of pride and ambition. Korah, a Levite, sought the priesthood, which was not his appointed role. This mirrors the broader biblical theme of respecting God's established order, as seen in the New Testament with the roles within the church (1 Corinthians 12:28).

and all their possessions
The destruction of their possessions signifies the totality of God's judgment. In biblical times, possessions were often seen as a sign of God's blessing, and their loss indicated divine disfavor. This complete eradication serves as a stark reminder of the futility of earthly wealth and status when opposed to God's will. It echoes the teaching of Jesus about storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth (Matthew 6:19-20).

They went down alive into Sheol with all they owned.
This phrase describes the judgment of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, who led a rebellion against Moses and Aaron. "Sheol" in the Hebrew context refers to the realm of the dead, a place of darkness and separation from the living. The fact that they went down "alive" emphasizes the immediacy and severity of God's judgment. This event is unique in that it was a direct and supernatural act of God, demonstrating His authority and the seriousness of rebellion against His appointed leaders. The inclusion of "with all they owned" signifies the totality of their judgment, affecting not just the individuals but their entire households and possessions, highlighting the communal nature of sin and its consequences in the ancient Near Eastern context.

The earth closed over them,
This imagery of the earth closing over the rebels is reminiscent of the finality of burial, symbolizing complete and irreversible judgment. It also serves as a stark reminder of God's power over creation, as the earth itself acts as an instrument of divine justice. This event is unparalleled in the Old Testament, underscoring the gravity of the rebellion. The closing of the earth can be seen as a type of final judgment, foreshadowing the ultimate separation of the righteous and the wicked, as seen in eschatological passages like Revelation 20:11-15.

and they vanished from the assembly.
The disappearance of the rebels from the assembly signifies their removal from the community of God's people. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, being cut off from the assembly was a severe punishment, indicating both physical death and spiritual separation. This serves as a warning to the Israelites about the consequences of challenging God's ordained order. Theologically, it points to the importance of obedience and submission to God's will, as well as the concept of divine retribution. This event also prefigures the ultimate separation of believers and unbelievers, as seen in the parables of Jesus, such as the wheat and the tares (Matthew 13:24-30).

At their cries
This phrase refers to the cries of Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and their followers as the earth opened up to swallow them. The cries signify a moment of divine judgment and terror. In the broader biblical context, cries often symbolize distress and a call for help, as seen in Exodus 2:23 when the Israelites cried out under Egyptian oppression. Here, the cries are a result of rebellion against God's appointed leadership, echoing the seriousness of defying divine authority.

all the people of Israel who were around them fled
The reaction of the Israelites highlights the fear and recognition of God's power and judgment. Historically, the Israelites had witnessed numerous miracles and judgments, such as the plagues in Egypt and the parting of the Red Sea. This event reinforces the idea that God is holy and just, and His judgments are to be feared. The fleeing of the people can be seen as an instinctive response to avoid being caught in the same judgment, similar to Lot fleeing Sodom in Genesis 19.

saying, “The earth may swallow us too!”
This statement reflects the fear and realization among the Israelites that they could also face judgment if they align themselves with rebellion. It serves as a warning to the community about the consequences of sin and disobedience. The imagery of the earth swallowing is reminiscent of the grave and Sheol, often depicted as consuming the wicked (Psalm 55:15). This event foreshadows the ultimate judgment and separation of the righteous from the wicked, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture, culminating in the final judgment described in Revelation.

And fire came forth from the LORD
This phrase indicates a direct act of divine judgment. In the context of Numbers 16, this event occurs during the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses and Aaron. The fire symbolizes God's holiness and His intolerance of sin and rebellion. Similar divine fire appears in Leviticus 10:1-2, where Nadab and Abihu are consumed for offering unauthorized fire. This demonstrates God's consistent standard of holiness and the seriousness of approaching Him improperly.

and consumed the 250 men
The consumption of the 250 men highlights the severity of their rebellion. These men were leaders within the community, chosen representatives who sided with Korah against God's appointed leaders. Their destruction serves as a warning against challenging God's established order. The use of fire as a consuming force is a recurring biblical theme, representing God's purifying and judgmental power, as seen in passages like 2 Kings 1:10-12 and Hebrews 12:29.

who were offering the incense
Offering incense was a priestly duty, reserved for those whom God had specifically appointed. The 250 men, by offering incense, were attempting to usurp the priestly role given to Aaron and his descendants. This act of presumption parallels the sin of Uzziah in 2 Chronicles 26:16-21, where he is struck with leprosy for unlawfully burning incense. The incense offering symbolizes prayer and worship (Psalm 141:2; Revelation 8:3-4), and unauthorized offerings represent false worship and self-exaltation against God's commands.

Then the LORD said to Moses,
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to Moses, a common occurrence in the Pentateuch where Moses serves as the primary mediator between God and the Israelites. This divine communication underscores Moses' unique role as a prophet and leader chosen by God. In the context of Numbers 16, this follows the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, where God reaffirms Moses' leadership. The phrase highlights the theocratic nature of Israel's governance, where God directly guides His people through chosen leaders. This direct communication is also seen in other instances, such as Exodus 3:4, where God speaks to Moses from the burning bush, establishing the pattern of divine instruction and guidance. Moses' role as a mediator can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate mediator between God and humanity, as noted in 1 Timothy 2:5. Tell Eleazar son of Aaron the priest
Eleazar, the son of Aaron, was a prominent figure in the priestly lineage, serving as a high priest after Aaron. His role signifies the continuation of the priestly duties and the importance of maintaining holiness and order in worship. This command to Eleazar highlights the responsibility of the priesthood to uphold God's instructions and the sanctity of sacred objects.

to remove the censers from the flames
The censers were used by Korah and his followers in their rebellion against Moses and Aaron. The act of removing them from the flames signifies the end of the rebellion and God's judgment upon those who opposed His chosen leaders. The censers, though used improperly, were still considered holy due to their intended purpose in worship.

and to scatter the coals far away
Scattering the coals symbolizes the dispersal of the rebellion and the cleansing of the camp from the impurity associated with the insurrection. It serves as a physical act of purification, ensuring that the remnants of the rebellion do not defile the community. This action reflects the broader biblical theme of separating the holy from the profane.

because the censers are holy
Despite being used in a sinful act, the censers themselves were consecrated for worship. This underscores the principle that objects dedicated to God retain their sanctity, regardless of human misuse. It also serves as a reminder of the seriousness with which God views the instruments of worship and the need for reverence in handling them. This concept is echoed in other scriptures where items dedicated to God are treated with utmost respect.

As for the censers of those who sinned at the cost of their own lives
This phrase refers to the censers used by Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and their followers in their rebellion against Moses and Aaron. The rebellion is detailed in Numbers 16, where these men challenged the God-ordained leadership. Their sin was not just against Moses and Aaron but against God Himself, resulting in their death as divine judgment. The phrase "at the cost of their own lives" underscores the severity of their rebellion and the holiness of God, who does not tolerate insubordination against His established order.

hammer them into sheets to overlay the altar
The censers, made of bronze, were to be hammered into sheets to overlay the altar. This act served a dual purpose: it was a practical use of the metal and a symbolic act of redemption. The altar, central to Israelite worship, was a place of sacrifice and atonement. By overlaying it with the censers, the Israelites were reminded of the consequences of rebellion and the need for atonement. This transformation from instruments of sin to a covering for the altar signifies God's ability to redeem and repurpose even the results of sin for His glory.

for these were presented before the LORD, and so have become holy
The censers, though used in rebellion, were presented before the LORD, which consecrated them. In biblical terms, anything presented to God becomes holy, set apart for His purposes. This reflects the principle that God can sanctify what is offered to Him, even if initially used in sin. The holiness of the censers after being presented to God serves as a reminder of His sovereignty and the sanctity of worship.

They will serve as a sign to the Israelites.
The transformed censers were to serve as a perpetual sign to the Israelites. This sign was a warning against rebellion and a reminder of the consequences of challenging God's appointed leaders. It also pointed to the importance of obedience and reverence in worship. In a broader biblical context, signs often serve to remind God's people of His laws and covenants, as seen with the rainbow in Genesis 9:13 and the Passover in Exodus 12:13. This sign, like others, was meant to instruct and guide the Israelites in their relationship with God.

So Eleazar the priest took the bronze censers
Eleazar, the son of Aaron, served as a priest, highlighting the hereditary nature of the priesthood in Israel. The bronze censers were used by Korah and his followers in their rebellion against Moses and Aaron, as recorded earlier in Numbers 16. The use of censers, typically associated with the burning of incense, signifies an attempt to usurp the priestly duties reserved for Aaron's lineage. This act of taking the censers by Eleazar underscores the restoration of proper priestly authority.

brought by those who had been burned up
The phrase refers to the followers of Korah who were consumed by fire as a divine judgment for their rebellion. This event serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of challenging God's appointed leaders and the sanctity of the priesthood. The burning up of the rebels is a literal fulfillment of God's judgment, emphasizing His holiness and the seriousness of maintaining His ordained order.

and he had them hammered out to overlay the altar
The censers, once instruments of rebellion, were repurposed to serve as a covering for the altar. This transformation symbolizes redemption and the idea that what was once used for sin can be consecrated for holy purposes. The overlaying of the altar with bronze from the censers serves as a perpetual reminder to the Israelites of the consequences of rebellion and the importance of obedience to God's commands. The altar, central to Israelite worship, now bore a physical reminder of God's judgment and mercy, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who redeems and transforms what is broken.

just as the LORD commanded him through Moses.
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority and the role of Moses as God's chosen leader and mediator. The LORD's commands through Moses highlight the importance of obedience to God's instructions. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's covenant with Israel, where Moses serves as the intermediary. The phrase underscores the necessity of following God's directives precisely, as seen in other instances such as the construction of the Tabernacle (Exodus 25-31).

This was to be a reminder to the Israelites
The purpose of the command is to serve as a perpetual reminder to the Israelites. Reminders are a common biblical motif, used to reinforce God's laws and the consequences of disobedience. This is similar to the use of memorial stones in Joshua 4:7, which served to remind future generations of God's faithfulness and mighty acts.

that no outsider who is not a descendant of Aaron
This phrase establishes the exclusive role of the Aaronic priesthood in performing certain sacred duties. The descendants of Aaron were set apart for the priestly service, as outlined in Exodus 28-29. This exclusivity underscores the holiness required to approach God, a theme that is echoed in the New Testament with the priesthood of all believers through Christ (1 Peter 2:9).

should approach to offer incense before the LORD,
Offering incense was a priestly duty, symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God (Psalm 141:2, Revelation 8:3-4). The restriction against outsiders offering incense highlights the sanctity of worship and the need for proper mediation, which in the New Testament is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, our High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16).

lest he become like Korah and his followers.
This reference to Korah's rebellion (Numbers 16:1-35) serves as a warning against challenging God's ordained leadership and order. Korah and his followers were punished for attempting to usurp the priestly role, illustrating the severe consequences of disobedience and pride. This incident is a cautionary tale about the dangers of rebellion against God's established authority, a theme reiterated in Jude 1:11.

The next day
This phrase indicates the events occur immediately following a significant incident. In the context of Numbers 16, it follows the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, where God demonstrated His judgment by causing the earth to swallow the rebels. The immediacy suggests the people's short memory and quickness to return to discontent, highlighting a recurring theme of Israel's rebellion and lack of faith throughout their wilderness journey.

the whole congregation of Israel
This refers to the entire assembly of the Israelites, emphasizing the widespread nature of the discontent. The term "congregation" is often used in the Pentateuch to describe the collective body of the Israelites, who were bound by covenant to God. This collective grumbling reflects a communal failure to trust in God's appointed leaders and His divine plan.

grumbled against Moses and Aaron
Grumbling against leadership is a recurring theme in the wilderness narratives. Moses and Aaron, as God's appointed leaders, often bore the brunt of the people's dissatisfaction. This grumbling is not just against human leaders but is seen as a direct challenge to God's authority, as Moses and Aaron were His chosen representatives. This reflects a deeper spiritual issue of rebellion against God Himself.

saying, “You have killed the LORD’s people!”
The accusation that Moses and Aaron have killed "the LORD’s people" is both ironic and tragic. The rebels who perished were judged by God for their insurrection, yet the congregation blames Moses and Aaron. This reflects a misunderstanding or willful ignorance of God's justice and the seriousness of rebellion against Him. The phrase "the LORD’s people" underscores the covenant relationship between God and Israel, yet the people fail to recognize that their rebellion jeopardizes this relationship. This incident foreshadows the ultimate rejection of God's chosen leaders, culminating in the rejection of Jesus Christ, who was also accused unjustly by His own people.

But when the congregation gathered against them
This phrase indicates a moment of rebellion and dissent among the Israelites. The congregation refers to the assembly of the Israelites, who were often quick to complain and challenge Moses and Aaron's leadership. This gathering against Moses and Aaron follows the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, highlighting the ongoing struggle for authority and the people's lack of faith. Historically, this reflects the Israelites' frequent resistance to divine leadership during their wilderness journey.

Moses and Aaron turned toward the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. Moses and Aaron turning toward it signifies seeking divine guidance and intervention. This act demonstrates their reliance on God in times of crisis and their role as mediators between God and the people. The Tent of Meeting was a portable sanctuary, emphasizing God's presence with His people during their journey.

and suddenly the cloud covered it
The cloud represents the Shekinah glory, a visible manifestation of God's presence. This cloud had guided the Israelites through the wilderness, symbolizing God's guidance and protection. Its sudden appearance here underscores the immediacy of God's response to the crisis and His readiness to defend His chosen leaders. The cloud covering the Tent of Meeting signifies God's approval of Moses and Aaron and His disapproval of the congregation's rebellion.

and the glory of the LORD appeared
The glory of the LORD is a powerful expression of God's holiness and majesty. In the Old Testament, God's glory often appeared in the form of a cloud or fire, signifying His presence and power. This appearance serves as a divine endorsement of Moses and Aaron's leadership and a warning to the rebellious congregation. It also foreshadows the ultimate revelation of God's glory in Jesus Christ, who is described in the New Testament as the radiance of God's glory and the exact representation of His being.

Then Moses and Aaron
Moses and Aaron are central figures in the narrative of the Israelites' journey from Egypt to the Promised Land. Moses, as the leader and prophet, and Aaron, as the high priest, represent both the civil and religious leadership of Israel. Their partnership is crucial in guiding the people according to God's commands. This moment highlights their roles as intercessors between God and the people, a theme that runs throughout the Pentateuch.

went to the front
The act of going to the front signifies taking a position of leadership and responsibility. In the context of Numbers 16, this movement is significant as it demonstrates their willingness to confront the rebellion and seek God's guidance. It is a physical manifestation of their spiritual leadership, stepping forward to address the crisis at hand.

of the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, is the sacred place where God dwells among His people and where Moses and Aaron communicate with Him. It serves as the central place of worship and divine revelation during the Israelites' wilderness journey. The Tent of Meeting is a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem and symbolizes God's presence and covenant with Israel. In this context, approaching the Tent of Meeting indicates seeking divine intervention and guidance in the face of rebellion. The Tent also foreshadows the coming of Jesus Christ, who is described in the New Testament as the ultimate meeting place between God and humanity (John 1:14).

and the LORD said to Moses,
This phrase indicates direct communication from God to Moses, a common occurrence in the Pentateuch, highlighting Moses' unique role as a prophet and leader of Israel. The context here is the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, which challenges Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. This divine communication underscores God's authority and His choice of Moses as the mediator between Himself and the Israelites.

In the broader biblical narrative, Moses is often seen as a type of Christ, serving as a mediator and intercessor for the people. Just as Moses intercedes for Israel, Jesus intercedes for humanity (Hebrews 7:25). The phrase also reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God speaks to His chosen leaders to guide His people.

Historically, this event occurs during the Israelites' wilderness journey, a period marked by testing and rebellion. The wilderness setting serves as a backdrop for God's provision and judgment, teaching the Israelites reliance on Him. This communication from God is part of a pattern where God addresses issues of sin and rebellion directly, emphasizing His holiness and justice.

Geographically, the wilderness represents a place of trial and transformation, where the Israelites are being prepared to enter the Promised Land. This setting is significant as it symbolizes the spiritual journey of believers, moving from bondage to freedom, from sin to salvation.

In terms of prophecy, Moses' role as a leader and prophet foreshadows the coming of a greater prophet, Jesus Christ, who would lead His people into spiritual freedom. The direct communication from God to Moses also prefigures the New Covenant, where believers have direct access to God through Christ (Hebrews 1:1-2).

Overall, this phrase encapsulates the themes of divine authority, leadership, intercession, and the unfolding plan of redemption that runs throughout Scripture. Get away from this congregation
This phrase indicates a divine command for separation. The congregation refers to the Israelites, who were in rebellion against Moses and Aaron. This command echoes previous instances where God instructed separation to avoid the consequences of divine judgment, such as in Genesis 19:12-13 with Lot and Sodom. It underscores the holiness of God and the necessity for His people to be set apart from sin.

so that I may consume them in an instant.
This reflects God's righteous anger and the immediacy of His judgment. The language of consuming suggests total destruction, reminiscent of the fate of Nadab and Abihu in Leviticus 10:2. It highlights the seriousness of rebellion against God's appointed leaders and His covenant. The phrase also serves as a warning of the consequences of sin, aligning with the broader biblical theme of divine retribution.

And Moses and Aaron fell facedown.
This act of falling facedown is a posture of intercession and humility before God. It demonstrates Moses and Aaron's role as mediators for the people, akin to Christ's intercessory role as described in Hebrews 7:25. Their immediate response shows their deep concern for the people and their understanding of God's character, balancing justice with mercy. This act of intercession is a recurring theme in Moses' leadership, as seen in Exodus 32:11-14, where he pleads for the Israelites after the golden calf incident.

Moses said to Aaron
Moses, as the leader appointed by God, often communicated God's instructions to the people. Aaron, his brother, served as the high priest, a role that involved mediating between God and the Israelites. This relationship highlights the importance of obedience and the chain of command established by God.

Take your censer
A censer was a vessel used to burn incense, a common practice in ancient religious rituals. In the tabernacle, incense symbolized the prayers of the people rising to God. The censer here represents a tool for intercession, emphasizing the priestly role of mediating between God and humanity.

Place fire from the altar in it
The altar fire was considered holy, as it was initially kindled by God Himself (Leviticus 9:24). Using fire from the altar signifies the need for divine purity and sanctification in the act of atonement. This act underscores the necessity of approaching God with reverence and according to His instructions.

And add incense
Incense, often associated with prayer and worship, was a key element in the tabernacle service. It symbolizes the intercessory prayers of the priest on behalf of the people. The addition of incense signifies the need for a pleasing aroma to God, representing the sincere prayers and repentance of the people.

Go quickly to the congregation
The urgency in Moses' command reflects the immediate danger facing the Israelites. The congregation, or assembly, refers to the entire community of Israel. This phrase highlights the communal aspect of sin and the need for collective atonement.

And make atonement for them
Atonement involves reconciliation between God and humanity, often through a sacrificial act. In the Old Testament, atonement was achieved through rituals prescribed by God, pointing to the ultimate atonement through Jesus Christ. This act by Aaron prefigures Christ's role as the ultimate high priest who makes atonement for humanity's sins.

Because wrath has come out from the LORD
The wrath of God in the Old Testament often manifested as a response to sin and rebellion. It serves as a reminder of God's holiness and justice. This phrase underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for divine intervention to avert disaster.

The plague has begun
Plagues were a common form of divine judgment in the Bible, often used to bring about repentance or demonstrate God's power. The beginning of the plague signifies the immediate consequences of disobedience and the urgent need for atonement to stop its spread. This event foreshadows the ultimate deliverance from sin and death through Christ.

So Aaron took the censer as Moses had ordered
Aaron's obedience to Moses' command highlights the importance of following God's appointed leadership. The censer, a vessel for burning incense, symbolizes prayer and intercession (Psalm 141:2, Revelation 8:3-4). This act of taking the censer signifies Aaron's role as high priest, mediating between God and the Israelites. The use of incense in worship was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures, representing the prayers of the people rising to God.

and ran into the midst of the assembly
Aaron's urgency in running into the assembly underscores the severity of the situation. The assembly refers to the congregation of Israel, who were gathered and affected by the plague. This action demonstrates Aaron's compassion and dedication to his priestly duties, risking his own life to save others. It also reflects the immediacy required in addressing sin and its consequences.

And seeing that the plague had begun among the people
The plague was a direct result of the rebellion against Moses and Aaron, as described earlier in Numbers 16. This divine judgment served as a warning against disobedience and rebellion against God's chosen leaders. Plagues were often used in the Bible as instruments of God's judgment (Exodus 7-12). The beginning of the plague signifies the swift and serious nature of God's response to sin.

he offered the incense and made atonement for the people
Offering incense was an act of intercession, symbolizing the prayers for mercy and forgiveness. Atonement involves reconciliation between God and humanity, often through a sacrificial act. Aaron's actions prefigure the ultimate atonement made by Jesus Christ, who intercedes on behalf of humanity (Hebrews 7:25). This act of atonement highlights the necessity of a mediator to bridge the gap caused by sin, pointing to the sacrificial system that culminates in Christ's sacrifice.

He stood between the living and the dead
This phrase highlights the critical role of Aaron, the high priest, during a moment of divine judgment. In the context of Numbers 16, a rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses and Aaron had resulted in God's wrath manifesting as a deadly plague. Aaron's act of standing between the living and the dead symbolizes intercession, a priestly duty to mediate between God and the people. This act can be seen as a type of Christ, who stands as the ultimate mediator between God and humanity (1 Timothy 2:5). The imagery of standing between life and death also echoes the role of a priest as a bridge, emphasizing the importance of intercession and atonement in the biblical narrative.

and the plague was halted
The halting of the plague signifies God's mercy and the power of intercession. Aaron's action, by offering incense and making atonement for the people, appeased God's wrath, demonstrating the effectiveness of priestly intercession. This event underscores the importance of obedience and reverence towards God's appointed leaders, as the rebellion was against God's chosen representatives. Theologically, this can be connected to the concept of atonement, where a mediator intervenes to restore the relationship between God and humanity. The cessation of the plague also prefigures the ultimate atonement through Jesus Christ, whose sacrifice halts the spiritual death caused by sin (Hebrews 9:11-14). This narrative reinforces the theme of divine justice tempered by mercy, a recurring motif throughout the Scriptures.

But those who died from the plague numbered 14,700
This phrase refers to the divine judgment that followed the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram against Moses and Aaron. The plague was a direct consequence of the people's grumbling and rebellion against God's appointed leaders. The number 14,700 signifies the severity of the judgment and serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of disobedience to God. In biblical numerology, the number 7 often represents completeness or perfection, which may imply the completeness of God's judgment in this instance. This event underscores the holiness of God and His intolerance for rebellion, echoing the broader biblical theme that sin leads to death (Romans 6:23).

in addition to those who had died on account of Korah
This phrase highlights that the 14,700 who died from the plague were separate from those who perished directly due to Korah's rebellion. Earlier in Numbers 16, the earth opened up and swallowed Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and their households, while fire consumed 250 men offering incense. This distinction emphasizes the widespread impact of the rebellion and the seriousness with which God dealt with it. The rebellion of Korah is a significant event in Israel's history, illustrating the dangers of challenging God's established order. It serves as a warning against pride and self-exaltation, themes that are echoed in the New Testament, such as in Jude 1:11, which warns against following the way of Cain, Balaam, and Korah.

Then Aaron returned to Moses
Aaron, the brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel, plays a crucial role in mediating between God and the people. His return to Moses signifies the completion of his priestly duty in interceding for the Israelites. This reflects the biblical theme of intercession, where a mediator stands between God and humanity, a role ultimately fulfilled by Jesus Christ as the High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16).

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, was the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites during their wilderness journey. It symbolizes God's desire to dwell with His people and foreshadows the incarnation of Christ, who "tabernacled" among us (John 1:14). The entrance signifies a place of access to God, where Moses and Aaron often received divine instructions.

since the plague had been halted
The halting of the plague demonstrates God's mercy and the effectiveness of Aaron's intercession. In the broader context of Numbers 16, the plague was a divine response to the rebellion led by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. This event underscores the seriousness of rebellion against God's appointed leaders and the necessity of atonement. The cessation of the plague prefigures the ultimate atonement made by Christ, who halts the plague of sin and death through His sacrifice (Romans 5:8-11).