Lexical Summary idios: own, private, personal, peculiar Original Word: ἴδιος Strong's Exhaustive Concordance one's own, apart, aside, dueOf uncertain affinity; pertaining to self, i.e. One's own; by implication, private or separate -- X his acquaintance, when they were alone, apart, aside, due, his (own, proper, several), home, (her, our, thine, your) own (business), private(-ly), proper, severally, their (own). HELPS Word-studies 2398 ídios (a primitive word, NAS dictionary) – properly, uniquely one's own, peculiar to the individual. 2398 /ídios ("uniquely one's own") is "stronger than the simple possessive pronoun ('own'). This emphatic adjective means 'private, personal' " (WS, 222). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. word Definition one's own, distinct NASB Translation due (1), friends (1), himself (4), home (1), individually (1), one's own (1), own (84), owner (1), private* (1), privately* (7), proper (4), themselves (3), themselves* (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2398: ἴδιοςἴδιος, ἰδίᾳ, ἴδιον (in secular authors (especially Attic) also of two term.) (from Homer down); 1. pertaining to oneself, one's own; used a. universally, of what is one's own as opposed to belonging to another: τά ἰδίᾳ πρόβατα, John 10:3ff,12; τά ἱμάτια τά ἰδίᾳ, Mark 15:20 R G Tr (for which T τά ἰδίᾳ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, L WH τά ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ); τό ἴδιον (for his own use) κτῆνος, Luke 10:34; διά τοῦ ἰδίου αἵματος, Hebrews 9:12; Hebrews 13:12 (ἰδίῳ αἵματι, 4 Macc. 7:8); τό ἴδιον μίσθωμα, which he had hired for himself (opposed to ἡ ξεναι (which see), 23), Acts 28:30; add, John 5:43; John 12:18; Acts 3:12; Acts 13:36; Romans 11:24; Romans 14:4; 1 Corinthians 3:8 (ἴδιον κόπον); b. of what pertains to one's property, family, dwelling, country, etc.; of property, οὐδέ εἰς τί τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ἔλεγεν ἴδιον εἶναι, Acts 4:32; τά ἰδίᾳ,resnostrae, our own things, i. e. house, family, property, Luke 18:28 L T Tr WH (cf. Buttmann, § 127, 24; Winer's Grammar, 592 (551)); τῇ ἰδίᾳ γενεά, in his own generation, i. e. in the age in which he lived, Acts 13:36; ἡ ἰδίᾳ πόλις, the city of which one is a citizen or inhabitant, Luke 2:3 (R G Tr marginal reading); Matthew 9:1; τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ, in their native tongue, Acts 1:19 (WH omits; Tr brackets ἰδίᾳ); Acts 2:6, 8; ἡ ἰδίᾳ δισιδαιμονια, their own (national) religion, Acts 25:19; οἱ ἴδιοι, one's own people (German dieAngehörigen), one's fellow-countrymen, associates, John 1:11, cf. 2 Macc. 12:22; one's household, persons belonging to the house, family, or company, John 13:1; Acts 4:23; Acts 24:23; 1 Timothy 5:8; εἰς τά ἰδίᾳ (German indieHeimat), to one's native land, home, John 1:11 (meaning here, the land of Israel); John 16:32; John 19:27 (3Macc. 6:27; 1 Esdr. 5:46 (47); for אֶל־בֵּיתו, Esther 5:10; Esther 6:12); ὁ ἴδιος ἀνήρ, a husband, 1 Corinthians 7:2 (Buttmann, 117 (102) note; cf. Winer's Grammar, 154 (146)); plural, Ephesians 5:22; Titus 2:5; 1 Peter 3:1, 5; Ephesians 5:24 R G; Colossians 3:18 R; οἱ ἴδιοι σεποται (of slaves), Titus 2:9. of a person who may be said to belong to one, above all others: υἱός, Romans 8:32; πατήρ, John 5:18; μαθηταί, Mark 4:34 T WH Tr marginal reading c. harmonizing with, or suitable or assigned to, one's nature, character, aims, acts; appropriate: τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσία, Acts 1:7; τόν ἴδιον, μισθόν, due reward, 1 Corinthians 3:8; τό ἴδιον σῶμα, 1 Corinthians 15:38; κατά τήν ἰδίαν δύναμιν, Matthew 25:15; ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ τάγματι, 1 Corinthians 15:23; τό ἴδιον οἰκητήριον, Jude 1:6; εἰς τόν τόπον τόν ἴδιον, to the abode after death assigned by God to one according to his deeds, Acts 1:25 (Ignatius ad Magnes. 5 [ET]; Baal Turim on Numbers 24:25 Balaam ivit in locum suum, i. e. in Gehennam; see τόπος, 1 a. at the end); καιρῷ ἰδίῳ, at a time suitable to the matter in hand (A. V. in due season), Galatians 6:9; plural, 1 Timothy 2:6; 1 Timothy 6:15; Titus 1:3. d. By a usage foreign to the earlier Greeks, but found in the church Fathers and the Byzantine writings (see Winers Grammar, § 22, 7; cf. Fritzsche on Romans, ii., p. 208f; (Buttmann, 117f (103))), it takes the place of the possessive pronoun αὐτοῦ: Matthew 22:5; Matthew 25:14; John 1:41 (42) (Wis. 10:1). 2. private (in classical Greek opposed to δημόσιος, κοινός): ἰδίᾳ (cf. Winers Grammar, 591 (549) note) adverb severally, separately, 1 Corinthians 12:11 (often in Greek writings). κατ' ἰδίαν (namely, χώραν), α. apart: Matthew 14:13; Matthew 17:19; Matthew 20:17; Matthew 24:3; Mark 6:31; Mark 7:33; Mark 9:2, 28; Mark 13:3; Luke 9:10; Luke 10:23; Acts 23:19 (Polybius 4, 84, 8); with μόνος added, Mark 9:2; β. in private, privately: Mark 4:34; Galatians 2:2 (Diodorus 1, 21, opposed to κοινῇ, 2 Macc. 4:5; Ignatius ad Smyrn. 7, 2 [ET]). The word is not found in the book of Revelation. STRONGS NT 2398: κατ' ἰδίανκατ' ἰδίαν, see ἴδιος, 2. ἴδιος and its cognates appear 114 times in the Greek New Testament and consistently mark what is “one’s own”—a sphere, possession, relationship, responsibility, time, or distinctive character. The word therefore traces a rich theology of ownership and identity that moves from ordinary human concerns to the eternal purposes of God in Christ. The Lord Jesus Christ and “His Own” John loves the word. In John 1:11, “He came to His own, but His own did not receive Him.” The phrase sets up the entire Gospel: the Creator enters the realm that rightly belongs to Him, yet is rejected. By contrast, John 10:3-4 portrays the Shepherd who “calls His own sheep by name” and “goes on ahead of them.” Near the Passion, “having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them to the end” (John 13:1). These occurrences show both Christ’s rightful claim over Israel and over the redeemed, as well as His covenantal, intimate care. Private Withdrawal and Instruction In the Synoptic Gospels ἰδίᾳ or ἰδίαν regularly describes Jesus drawing aside for prayer or for personal instruction of the disciples (Matthew 14:13; Mark 9:2; Luke 9:10). Such private moments underscore the rhythm of public ministry balanced with secluded communion and discipleship, providing a model for the Church’s pattern of service and retreat. Household Governance and Domestic Faithfulness Paul repeatedly links ἴδιος with the Christian home. A husband and wife owe each other conjugal faithfulness within “their own body” (1 Corinthians 7:2-4). A deacon must “manage his own household well” (1 Timothy 3:12), and anyone who “does not provide for his own, especially his own household, has denied the faith” (1 Timothy 5:8). Titus 2:5 urges wives to be “keepers of their own homes.” Scripture therefore grounds spiritual credibility in diligent stewardship of the family sphere. God’s Exclusive Claim and Costly Redemption Acts 20:28 speaks of “the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.” Romans 8:32 declares that the Father “did not spare His own Son.” Hebrews 13:12 shows Christ suffering “outside the gate to sanctify the people by His own blood.” Each passage applies ἴδιος to divine possession, affirming that the covenant people belong uniquely to God through the redemption accomplished at infinite cost. Individual Calling, Labor, and Reward 1 Corinthians 3:8 promises that “each will receive his own reward according to his own labor,” while 1 Corinthians 15:23 states that the resurrection unfolds “each in his own order.” Galatians 6:5 insists, “each one will bear his own load,” and Galatians 6:9 encourages perseverance because “in due time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up.” Here ἴδιος guards personal responsibility before God amid communal life. Distribution of Spiritual Gifts “The Spirit apportions them to each one individually as He wills” (1 Corinthians 12:11). Spiritual endowments are not generic; they are God’s particular gifts to particular believers for the common good, calling each to stewardship rather than comparison. Liberty of Conscience and Christian Freedom Romans 14:4-5 uses ἴδιος to protect conscience: “To his own master he stands or falls…Each must be fully convinced in his own mind.” The term secures liberty without license, placing every believer under the lordship of Christ while preventing judgmentalism. Self-Serving Error versus Apostolic Truth False teachers twist Scripture “to their own destruction” (2 Peter 3:16), follow “their own lusts” (2 Peter 3:3), and employ “their own tongues” deceitfully (1 Timothy 4:2). The same word that exalts proper ownership exposes selfish ambition and doctrinal distortion. Eschatological Security and Warning Jude 6 records angels who abandoned “their own domain,” while 2 Peter 2:22 describes apostate teachers returning to “their own vomit.” The loss of God-given place and privilege illustrates the danger of rejecting rightful boundaries. Pastoral Application 1. Steward the arenas God has entrusted—family, vocation, gifts—as “your own,” knowing you will give account. Conclusion ἴδιος binds together divine sovereignty and human responsibility. From the Father’s “own Son,” to Christ’s “own sheep,” to each believer’s “own gift,” the term celebrates rightful possession and relational intimacy, urging worship, faithfulness, and humble stewardship until each stands before his “own Master” and hears, “Well done.” Englishman's Concordance Matthew 9:1 Adj-AFSGRK: εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν NAS: [the sea] and came to His own city. KJV: came into his own city. INT: to [his] own city Matthew 14:13 Adj-AFS Matthew 14:23 Adj-AFS Matthew 17:1 Adj-AFS Matthew 17:19 Adj-AFS Matthew 20:17 Adj-AFS Matthew 22:5 Adj-AMS Matthew 24:3 Adj-AFS Matthew 25:14 Adj-AMP Matthew 25:15 Adj-AFS Mark 4:34 Adj-AFS Mark 4:34 Adj-DMP Mark 6:31 Adj-AFS Mark 6:32 Adj-AFS Mark 7:33 Adj-AFS Mark 9:2 Adj-AFS Mark 9:28 Adj-AFS Mark 13:3 Adj-AFS Luke 6:41 Adj-DMS Luke 6:44 Adj-GMS Luke 9:10 Adj-AFS Luke 10:23 Adj-AFS Luke 10:34 Adj-ANS Luke 18:28 Adj-ANP John 1:11 Adj-ANP Strong's Greek 2398 |
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