Lexical Summary apothnéskó: To die, to perish Original Word: ἀποθνῄσκω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance be dead, death, die, lie dying, be slain. From apo and thnesko; to die off (literally or figuratively) -- be dead, death, die, lie a-dying, be slain (X with). see GREEK apo see GREEK thnesko HELPS Word-studies 599 apothnḗskō (from 575 /apó, "away from," which intensifies 2348 /thnḗskō, "to die") – properly, die off (away from), focusing on the separation that goes with the "dying off (away from)." 599 /apothnḗskō ("die off, from") occurs 111 times in the NT. It stresses the significance of the separation that always comes with divine closure. 599 (apothnḗskō) stresses the ending of what is "former" – to bring what (naturally) follows. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom apo and thnéskó Definition to die NASB Translation dead (5), death (1), death* (1), die (34), died (53), dies (12), dying (4), mortal (1), perished (1), put (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 599: ἀποθνῄσκωἀποθνῄσκω, imperfect ἀπέθνῃσκον (Luke 8:42); 2 aorist ἀπέθανον; future ἀποθανοῦμαι, Romans 5:7; John 8:21, 24 (see θνῄσκω); found in Greek writings from Homer down; to die (ἀπό, so as to be no more; (cf. Latinemorior; English die off or out, pass away); German absterben,versterben); I. used properly 1. of the natural death of men: Matthew 9:24; Matthew 22:24; Luke 16:22; John 4:47; Romans 7:2, and very often; ἀποθνῄσκοντες ἀποθνῄσκοντες subject to death, mortal, Hebrews 7:8 (Buttmann, 206 (178)). 2. of the violent death — both of animals, Matthew 8:32, and of men, Matthew 26:35; Acts 21:13 etc.; 1 Peter 3:18 L T Tr WH text; ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας, Hebrews 11:37; of the punishment of death, Hebrews 10:28; often of the violent death which Christ suffered, as John 12:33; Romans 5:6, etc. 3. Phrases: ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τίνος, to perish by means of something, (cf. English to die of), Revelation 8:11; ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτία, ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις, fixed in sin, hence, to die unreformed, John 8:21, 24; ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ by connection with Adam, 1 Corinthians 15:22; ἐν κυρίῳ in fellowship with, and trusting in, the Lord, Revelation 14:13; ἀποθνῄσκειν τί, to die a certain death, Romans 6:10 (θάνατον μακρόν, Chariton, p. 12, D'Orville edition (l. i. c. 8, p. 17, 6, Beck edition; cf. Winers Grammar, 227 (213); Buttmann, 149 (130))); τῇ ἁμαρτία, used of Christ, 'that he might not have to busy himself more with the sin of men,' Romans 6:10; ἑαυτῷ to become one's own master, independent, by dying, Romans 14:7 (cf. Meyer); τῷ κυρίῳ to become subject to the Lord's will by dying, Romans 14:8 (cf. Meyer); διά τινα i. e. to save one, 1 Corinthians 8:11; on the phrases ἀποθνῄσκειν περί and ὑπέρ τίνος, see περί, the passage cited δ. and ὑπέρ I. 2 and 3. Oratorically, although the proper signification of the verb is retained, καθ' ἡμέραν ἀποθνῄσκω I meet death daily, live daily in danger of death, 1 Corinthians 15:31, cf. 2 Corinthians 6:9. 4. of trees which dry up, Jude 1:12; of seeds, which while being resolved into their elements in the ground seem to perish by rotting, John 12:24; 1 Corinthians 15:36. II. tropically, in various senses; 1. of eternal death, as it is called, i. e. to be subject to eternal misery, and that, too, already beginning on earth: Romans 8:13; John 6:50; John 11:26. 2. of moral death, in various senses; a. to be deprived of real life, i. e. especially of the power of doing right, of confidence in God and the hope of future blessedness, Romans 7:10; of the spiritual torpor of those who have fallen from the fellowship of Christ, the fountain of true life, Revelation 3:2. b. with the dative of the thing (cf. Winers Grammar, 210 (197); 428 (398); Buttmann, 178 (155)), to become wholly alienated from a thing, and freed from all connection with it: τῷ νόμῳ, Galatians 2:19, which must also be supplied with ἀποθανόντες (for so we must read for Rec.elz ἀποθανόντος) in Romans 7:6 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 159 (150)); τῇ ἁμαρτία, Romans 6:2 (in another sense in Romans 6:10; see I. 3 above); ἀπό τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου so that your relation to etc. has passed away, Colossians 2:20 (ἀπό τῶν παθῶν, Porphyry, de abst. animal. 1, 41 (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277); Winer's Grammar, 370 (347))); true Christians are said simply ἀποθανεῖν, as having put off all sensibility to worldly things that draw them away from God, Colossians 3:3; since they owe this habit of mind to the death of Christ, they are said also ἀποθανεῖν σύν Χριστῷ, Romans 6:8; Colossians 2:20. (Compare: συναποθνῄσκω.) Topical Lexicon Overview of Meaning The verb ἀποθνῄσκω (Strong’s 599) designates the event or condition of dying. In the New Testament it appears in narratives of literal physical death, in theological discussions of Christ’s redemptive death, in exhortations about the believer’s death to sin, and in eschatological statements about final judgment or eternal life. Range of Usage 1. Literal physical death of humans (Matthew 9:24; Acts 9:37) and animals (Matthew 8:32; Revelation 8:9). Key Passages • “But God proves His love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” (Romans 5:8) The Death of Jesus Christ All four Gospels record that Jesus “died” (ἀποθνῄσκω) on the cross (Mark 15:44; John 19:33). Pauline epistles interpret that death as atoning and substitutionary (Romans 5:6-10; 2 Corinthians 5:14-15). Christ’s death is once-for-all (Romans 6:10), voluntarily embraced (John 10:17-18, implicit), and climactic in salvation history (Hebrews 9:26-28). Union with Christ in Death Believers are said to have died with Christ (Romans 6:8; Colossians 3:3). This union is: Baptism dramatizes this co-death and co-resurrection (Romans 6:3-4). Death to Sin and the Old Order The verb describes liberation from the Mosaic law’s condemning power (Romans 7:6), from worldly elements (Colossians 2:20), and from human approval (Galatians 2:19). Such “death” is not annihilation of personality but transfer of allegiance, enabling service “in newness of the Spirit.” Spiritual Death of the Unbeliever Jesus warns, “If you do not believe that I am He, you will die in your sins” (John 8:24). Paul affirms that “in Adam all die” (1 Corinthians 15:22). This usage underscores the gravity of unbelief and the necessity of new birth (John 3:3-5). Martyrdom and Christian Witness Revelation blesses those who “die in the Lord” (Revelation 14:13) and portrays saints who were “beheaded for their testimony” (Revelation 20:4). Hebrews 11 lists men and women who “died in faith” (Hebrews 11:13, 37), presenting martyrdom as the ultimate witness to the truth of the Gospel. Death in Eschatological Perspective Physical death is universal—“it is appointed to man to die once, and after that to face judgment” (Hebrews 9:27). Yet believers anticipate resurrection (1 Thessalonians 4:14) and the abolition of death itself (Revelation 21:4). Unbelievers face the “second death” (Revelation 20:14), highlighting eternal consequences. Pastoral and Practical Applications • Comfort at funerals: assurance of resurrection (John 11:25-26; 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18). Historical Consequences in Church Teaching Early creeds (Apostles’, Nicene) enshrine the confession that Christ “died and was buried.” Church fathers linked baptismal liturgies to Romans 6. Patristic and Reformation catecheses used ἀποθνῄσκω texts to explain atonement and sanctification. Funeral rites adopted John 11:25 and Revelation 14:13 as standard readings. Related Terms and Concepts • θάνατος (death) – the noun form, often paired with ἀποθνῄσκω. Forms and Transliterations απέθανε απέθανέ απεθανεν απέθανεν ἀπέθανεν απεθανετε απεθάνετε ἀπεθάνετε απεθανομεν απεθάνομεν ἀπεθάνομεν απεθανον απεθάνον απέθανον ἀπέθανον απεθάνωμεν απέθνησκε απεθνησκεν απέθνησκεν ἀπέθνησκεν ἀπέθνῃσκεν αποθανειν αποθανείν ἀποθανεῖν αποθανείς αποθανεισθε αποθανείσθε ἀποθανεῖσθε αποθανειται αποθανείται ἀποθανεῖται αποθανέτω αποθανη αποθανή αποθάνη ἀποθάνῃ αποθάνης αποθάνητε αποθάνοι αποθανοντα αποθανόντα ἀποθανόντα αποθανόντας αποθανοντες αποθανόντες ἀποθανόντες αποθανοντι αποθανόντι ἀποθανόντι αποθανοντος αποθανόντος ἀποθανόντος αποθανόντων αποθανούμαι αποθανούμεθα αποθανούνται αποθάνω αποθανωμεν αποθάνωμεν ἀποθάνωμεν αποθανων αποθανών ἀποθανών ἀποθανὼν αποθάνωσι αποθάνωσιν αποθνήξεσθε αποθνησκει αποθνήσκει ἀποθνήσκει ἀποθνῄσκει αποθνησκειν αποθνήσκειν ἀποθνήσκειν ἀποθνῄσκειν αποθνήσκεις αποθνήσκετε αποθνησκέτω αποθνησκομεν αποθνήσκομεν ἀποθνήσκομεν ἀποθνῄσκομεν αποθνήσκον αποθνήσκοντας αποθνησκοντες αποθνήσκοντες ἀποθνήσκοντες ἀποθνῄσκοντες αποθνήσκοντος αποθνησκουσιν αποθνήσκουσιν ἀποθνήσκουσιν ἀποθνῄσκουσιν αποθνησκω αποθνήσκω ἀποθνήσκω ἀποθνῄσκω αποθνησκωμεν αποθνήσκωμεν ἀποθνήσκωμεν ἀποθνῄσκωμεν αποθνησκων αποθνήσκων ἀποθνήσκων ἀποθνῄσκων αποικεσίαν αποικεσίας αποικεσιών αποικία αποικίαν αποικίας αποικιεί αποικίσαι αποικισθέντας αποικισθέντος αποικίσθη αποικίσθησαν αποικισμόν αποικισμού αποκαθαίρονται αποκαθαρθέν αποκαθαρίσαι αποκαθάρωμαι αποκαθημένην αποκαθημένης απώκισα απώκισαν απώκισας απώκισε απώκισεν απωκίσθη απώκισται απώχοντο ἔπαθεν apethanen apéthanen apethanete apethánete apethanomen apethánomen apethanon apéthanon apethnesken apethnēsken apéthnesken apéthnēsken apothane apothanē apothánei apothánēi apothanein apothaneîn apothaneisthe apothaneîsthe apothaneitai apothaneîtai apothanomen apothanōmen apothánomen apothánōmen apothanon apothanōn apothanṓn apothanṑn apothanonta apothanónta apothanontes apothanóntes apothanonti apothanónti apothanontos apothanóntos apothneskei apothnēskei apothnḗskei apothneskein apothnēskein apothnḗskein apothnesko apothnēskō apothnḗsko apothnḗskō apothneskomen apothnēskomen apothnēskōmen apothnḗskomen apothnḗskōmen apothneskon apothnēskōn apothnḗskon apothnḗskōn apothneskontes apothnēskontes apothnḗskontes apothneskousin apothnēskousin apothnḗskousin epathen épathenLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Matthew 8:32 V-AIA-3PGRK: θάλασσαν καὶ ἀπέθανον ἐν τοῖς NAS: into the sea and perished in the waters. KJV: the sea, and perished in the waters. INT: sea and perished in the Matthew 9:24 V-AIA-3S Matthew 22:24 V-ASA-3S Matthew 22:27 V-AIA-3S Matthew 26:35 V-ANA Mark 5:35 V-AIA-3S Mark 5:39 V-AIA-3S Mark 9:26 V-AIA-3S Mark 12:19 V-ASA-3S Mark 12:20 V-PPA-NMS Mark 12:21 V-AIA-3S Mark 12:22 V-AIA-3S Mark 15:44 V-AIA-3S Luke 8:42 V-IIA-3S Luke 8:52 V-AIA-3S Luke 8:53 V-AIA-3S Luke 16:22 V-ANA Luke 16:22 V-AIA-3S Luke 20:28 V-ASA-3S Luke 20:29 V-AIA-3S Luke 20:30 V-AIA-3S Luke 20:31 V-AIA-3P Luke 20:32 V-AIA-3S Luke 20:36 V-ANA John 4:47 V-PNA Strong's Greek 599 |
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