Lexical Summary chashab: To think, plan, reckon, account, consider, devise, esteem Original Word: חָשַׁב Strong's Exhaustive Concordance make account of, conceive, consider, count, cunning man, work, workman, devise, A primitive root; properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e. (literally) to weave or (gen.) To fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a malicious sense); hence (from the mental effort) to think, regard, value, compute -- (make) account (of), conceive, consider, count, cunning (man, work, workman), devise, esteem, find out, forecast, hold, imagine, impute, invent, be like, mean, purpose, reckon(-ing be made), regard, think. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to think, account NASB Translation accounting (1), calculate (5), composed (1), consider (3), considered (13), counted (1), counts (1), designer (1), determined (1), devise (13), devised (8), devises (1), devising (1), esteem (2), esteemed (2), execute (1), have (1), impute (1), intend (2), make (2), makers (1), meant (2), mindful (1), plan (2), planned (3), planning (5), plans (4), plotted (1), pondered (1), purposed (3), reckoned (10), regard (1), regarded (8), regards (1), require an accounting (1), scheme (1), schemed (1), seem (1), skillful (1), skillful workman (9), think (3), thought (2), value (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs חָשַׁב verb think, account (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic חֲשַׁב,  ; Arabic  ; Ethiopic  id.; Phoenician noun חשב meaning dubious see CISi. 86) — Qal Perfect ׳ח Isaiah 33:8 9t.; חָשַׁבְתָּה 2 Samuel 14:13 etc.; Imperfect יַחְשֹׁב Isaiah 10:7 4t.; יַחֲשָׁבֿ 2 Samuel 19:20; Psalm 40:18; suffix יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Job 19:11; Job 33:10; plural יַחְשְׁבוּ Psalm 41:8; Daniel 11:25; יַחְשֹׁ֑בוּ Isaiah 13:17; יַחֲשֹׁבוּן Psalm 35:20; נַחְשְׁבָה Jeremiah 18:18, etc. + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive construct לַחְשֹׁב Exodus 31:4 3t.; Participle חשֵׁב Exodus 26:1 15t., חוֺשֵׁב2Chronicles 26:15; חשְׁבִים Nehemiah 6:2 3t., חשְׁבֵי Micah 2:1 3t.; — I. of man: 1 think, account לבבו לא כן יחשׁב Isaiah 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֺ Malachi 3:16 those thinking of his name; followed by 2 accusative חשׁבנהו נגוע Isaiah 53:4 we thought him stricken; elsewhere with accusative + לְ Genesis 38:15 (J), 1 Samuel 1:13; Job 19:15; Job 35:2; Job 41:24; so, figurative, of crocodile Job 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw. 2 devise, plan, mean, with accusative מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Ezekiel 38:10, רעה Psalm 35:4; Psalm 140:3; Zechariah 7:10; Zechariah 8:17, תַּהְמֻּכ֑וֺת Proverbs 16:30, מְזִמּוֺת Psalm 10:2; Psalm 21:12, דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֺת Psalm 35:20, אָוֶן Micah 2:1; Ezekiel 11:2; Psalm 36:5, הַוּוֺת Psalm 52:4; רע(ה) על ׳ח devise evil against Genesis 50:20 (E), Jeremiah 48:2; Nahum 1:11, רעה לְ ׳ח Psalm 41:8, מַחֲשֶׁבֶת על ׳ח Jeremiah 11:19; Jeremiah 18:18; Jeremiah 49:30; Daniel 11:25; Esther 8:3; Esther 9:25, כזאת על ׳ח 2 Samuel 14:13; with infinitive 1 Samuel 18:25; Jeremiah 18:8; Jeremiah 23:27; Job 6:26; Nehemiah 6:2,6; Esther 9:24; Psalm 140:5; with לבלתי + Imperfect 2 Samuel 14:14 (where, however, Ew reads חוֺבֵ for וחשׁב compare We Dr; in this case לבלתי carries on לֹא יִשָּׂא). 3 charge, impute ׳עון ל ׳ח, 2 Samuel 19:20 impute iniquity to. 4 esteem, value, regard, silver Isaiah 13:17, a man Isaiah 33:8, the servant of ׳י Isaiah 53:3. 5 invent ingenious and artistic things, להם כלי שׁיר ׳ח Amos 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music; (כל) מחשׁבת ׳ח invent cunning work (of artistic devices in construction of tabernacle) Exodus 31:4; Exodus 35:32,35 (all P), so 2 Chron 2:13; מַעֲשֵׂה חשֵׁב work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in weaving; see especially VB and Di) Exodus 26:1,31; Exodus 28:6,15; Exodus 36:8,35; Exodus 39:3,8 (all P); מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֺשֵׁב2Chronicles 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war); חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman (in construction of tabernacle, see above) Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23 (P). II. of God: 1 think, with accusative pers + לְ indirect object account one לאויב, for an enemy Job 13:24; Job 33:10; לוֺ כצריו ׳ח Job 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries. 2 devise, plan, mean, with accusative + ל indirect object לטבה for good Genesis 50:20 (E); with ל person לִי devise for me Psalm 40:18; accusative of thing + עַל, devise something against a person Micah 2:3; Jeremiah 18:11; towards one Jeremiah 29:11, with אל against Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45; followed by infinitive Jeremiah 26:3; Jeremiah 36:3; Lamentations 2:8. 3 impute, reckon, with accusative of thing + ל person, the habit of believing in ׳י he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Genesis 15:6 (J E; compare Niph`al 3); not impute iniquity to one Psalm 32:2. Niph`al Perfect נֶחְשַׁב Numbers 18:27,30, נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי Psalm 88:5 etc. + 10 t. Perfect; Imperfect יֵחָשֵׁב Leviticus 7:18 7t., etc., + 6 t. Imperfect; Participle נֶחְשָׁב Isaiah 2:22; 1 Kings 10:21; 2Chronicles 9:20: — 1 be accounted, thought, esteemed, with כְּ as Hosea 8:12; Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 29:16; Isaiah 40:15; Psalm 44:23; Job 18:3; Job 41:21; with לְ Isaiah 29:17 = Isaiah 32:15, Lamentations 4:2; עִם with, among Psalm 88:5, בַּמֶּה Isaiah 2:22 at what (value) ? (see probably interpolated; omitted by ᵐ5); with accusative Deuteronomy 2:11,20; Proverbs 17:28; Nehemiah 13:13; נָכְרִיּוֺת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֺ Genesis 31:13 (E; ᵐ5 Sam ׳כְּנֶח) Isaiah 40:17. 2 be computed, reckoned, with לְ Joshua 13:3 (D), עַל Leviticus 25:31 (P), 2 Samuel 4:2: absolute כסף was not counted (so plentiful was it) 1 Kings 10:21 2Chronicles 9:20; 2 Kings 22:7. 3 be imputed to any one, with לְ Leviticus 7:18; Numbers 18:27,30 (all P), Leviticus 17:4 (H) Proverbs 27:14; the interposition of Phinehas לוֺ לצדקה ׳נח Psalm 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness (compare Qal II 3). Pi`el Perfect3masculine singular חִשַּׁב Leviticus 25:27 4t.; feminine חִשְּׁבָה Jonah 1:4; 1singular חִשַּׁבְתִּי Psalm 77:6; Psalm 119:59; Imperfect יְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 16:9; Daniel 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Nahum 1:9, etc., + 4 t. Imperfect; Participle מְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 24:8: — 1 think upon, consider, be mindful of, with accusative Psalm 77:6; Psalm 119:59, (מה) בֶּןאֱֿנוֺשׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ Psalm 144:3 what (is) man's son, and thou thinkest upon him ("" תֵּדָעֵהוּ). 2 think to do, devise, plan, with accusative Proverbs 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Hosea 7:15; Nahum 1:9, עַל Daniel 11:24; with infinitive Psalm 73:16; Proverbs 24:8; so of inanimate object הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up. 3 count, reckon, the years since a sale of land Leviticus 25:27 (H); with לְ person Leviticus 25:52 (H), Leviticus 27:18,23 (P); with עִם Leviticus 25:50 (P); with אֶת 2 Kings 12:16. Hithpa`el Imperfect בַּגּוֺיִם לֹא יִתְחַשָּׁ֑ב Numbers 23:9 (JE) among the nations it shall not reckon itself. [חֲשַׁב] verb think, account (see Biblical Hebrew); — Pe`al Participle pass plural כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִון Daniel 4:32 like those not accounted of, of no account, Bev Dr. Topical Lexicon Overview The verb חָשַׁב (chashab, Strong’s Hebrew 2803) gathers the ideas of thinking, accounting, reckoning, valuing, designing, inventing, or planning. When Scripture speaks of what people “count,” “deem,” “consider,” or “devise,” or of artistic “design,” the writer is usually employing this root. Its occurrences span every major section of the Old Testament and reveal the heart’s calculations—whether righteous or evil—and the Lord’s sovereign, saving plan. Frequency and Distribution Approximately 124 times, chashab appears in: Semantic Range and Functional Domains 1. Accounting and Legal Reckoning 2. Artistic Design and Skilled Workmanship 3. Strategic Planning, Counsel, and Policy 4. Plotting or Devising Evil 5. Estimating, Valuing, Considering Key Theological Themes Imputed Righteousness Genesis 15:6 establishes the pattern that faith is “credited” as righteousness, a truth elaborated in Romans 4. Psalm 32:2 celebrates the blessedness of non-imputation of sin, echoing the atoning provisions of Leviticus. The verb grounds the doctrine that God justly reckons sinners righteous through faith. Guilt and Atonement When improper sacrifices are offered (Leviticus 7:18; 17:4), guilt is “imputed” to the offender, showing the seriousness of approaching God on His terms and the necessity of substitutionary atonement. Sovereign Providence Joseph’s testimony (Genesis 50:20) exposes a crucial mystery: human evil designs are enfolded into God’s good design. Likewise Assyria’s boast in Isaiah 10:7 and Sennacherib’s claims in 2 Kings 19:25 confront divine pre-planning that overrules proud human calculation. Messianic Lens Isaiah 53:4 employs chashab to reveal Israel’s misjudgment of the Servant’s suffering. What they “considered” defeat, God designed as redemptive victory. The Servant bears sin not His own, so that believers’ sin will not be “reckoned” to them. Ethics of the Heart Proverbs and the prophets link chashab to moral responsibility: what is secretly planned will bear visible fruit. Hearts that “devise evil” incur judgment; those that “plan good” find “loving devotion and truth” (Proverbs 14:22). Selected Passages • Genesis 15:6; 50:20 Historical and Cultural Background In ancient Near-Eastern accounting, transactions were recorded and “reckoned” to individual parties; chashab reflects that backdrop. Artisans of the tabernacle period modeled inventive thought under the Spirit’s gifting. Royal courts, military strategists, and prophets alike “schemed” (positively or negatively) with chashab. The term therefore bridges practical craftsmanship and abstract theology. Ministry Significance 1. Assurance: As with Abram, faith is still “credited” as righteousness in Christ. Pastoral and Devotional Reflections • Examine what your heart is “planning” each day; align it with the Lord’s revealed will. See Also tsadaq (Strong’s 6663) – to justify kasah (Strong’s 3680) – to cover machashavah (Strong’s 4284) – plan, thought (noun of chashab) Forms and Transliterations הַחֹשְׁבִ֗ים הַחֹשְׁבִ֥ים החשבים וְחִשַּׁב֙ וְחִשַּׁב־ וְחָשַׁ֥ב וְחָשַׁב֙ וְחָשַׁבְתָּ֖ וְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י וְחֹשֵׁ֑ב וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב וְחֹשֵׁב֒ וְלַחְשֹׁ֖ב וְנֶחְשַׁ֥ב וְנֶחְשַׁב֙ וְנַחְשְׁבָ֣ה וְתַחְשְׁבֵ֖נִי וַֽיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ וַֽתְּחַשְּׁבֵֽהוּ׃ וַיַּחְשְׁבֵ֖נִי וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ וַתֵּחָ֣שֶׁב וָֽ֭אֲחַשְּׁבָה וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י ואחשבה וחשב וחשב־ וחשבי וחשבת ויחשבה ויחשבני ולחשב ולחשבי ונחשב ונחשבה ותחשב ותחשבהו׃ ותחשבני חֲשַׁבְנֻ֔הוּ חֲשַׁבְנֻֽהוּ׃ חֲשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם חֲשָׁבָ֣הּ חִשְּׁבָ֖ה חִשַּׁ֣בְתִּי חִשַּׁ֥בְתִּי חָ֝שְׁב֗וּ חָֽשְׁב֥וּ חָשְׁב֣וּ חָשְׁב֤וּ חָשְׁב֥וּ חָשַׁ֔ב חָשַׁ֖ב חָשַׁ֖בְתִּי חָשַׁ֛בְתָּה חָשַׁ֣בְתָּ חָשַׁ֥ב חָשַׁ֨ב חָשָֽׁבוּ׃ חֹ֝שְׁבֵ֗י חֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים חֹֽשְׁבֵי־ חֹשְׁבִ֣ים חֹשֵֽׁב׃ חֹשֵׁ֔ב חֹשֵׁ֖ב חֹשֵׁ֛ב חֹשֵׁ֥ב חֹשֵׁב֙ חוֹשֵׁ֗ב חושב חשב חשב׃ חשבה חשבו חשבו׃ חשבי חשבי־ חשבים חשבנהו חשבנהו׃ חשבת חשבתה חשבתי חשבתם יְחַשְּׁב֣וּ יְחַשְּׁבוּ־ יְחַשֵּׁ֣ב יְחַשֵּׁ֥ב יִתְחַשָּֽׁב׃ יֵֽחָשֵׁ֑ב יֵחָשְׁב֥וּ יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃ יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב יֵחָשֵׁ֞ב יֵחָשֵׁ֣ב יַחְשְׁב֖וּ יַחְשְׁב֥וּ יַחְשְׁבֵ֖נִי יַחְשֹׁ֑ב יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ יַחְשֹׁ֖ב יַחְשֹׁ֗ב יַחְשֹׁ֣ב יַחְשֹׁ֬ב יַחֲשָׁ֫ב יַחֲשָׁב־ יַחֲשֹׁבֽוּן׃ יחשב יחשב־ יחשב׃ יחשבו יחשבו־ יחשבון׃ יחשבני יתחשב׃ לַחְשֹׁ֖ב לַחְשֹׁ֣ב לחשב מְחַשֵּׁ֥ב מחשב נֶ֝חְשַׁ֗בְנוּ נֶ֭חְשַׁבְתִּי נֶחְשְׁב֣וּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ֙ נֶחְשְׁבוּ־ נֶחְשַׁ֣בְנוּ נֶחְשַׁ֥בְנוּ נֶחְשָֽׁבוּ׃ נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ נֶחְשָׁ֖ב נֶחְשָׁ֛ב נחשב נחשבו נחשבו־ נחשבו׃ נחשבנו נחשבתי תְּחַשְּׁבוּן֙ תֵּחָ֥שֶׁב תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב תַּחְשְׁב֖וּ תַּחְשְׁבֻ֑נִי תַּחְשְׁבוּ֙ תַּחְשֹׁ֑בוּ תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב תחשב תחשבו תחשבון תחשבני chaShav chashaVah chashavNuhu chaShavta chaShavtah chashavTem chaShavti chaShavu chasheVu chishShavti chishsheVah choShev chosheVei chosheVim ha·ḥō·šə·ḇîm ḥă·šā·ḇāh ḥā·šā·ḇū ḥā·šaḇ ḥă·šaḇ·nu·hū ḥā·šaḇ·tā ḥā·šaḇ·tāh ḥă·šaḇ·tem ḥā·šaḇ·tî ḥā·šə·ḇū hachosheVim haḥōšəḇîm ḥāšaḇ ḥăšāḇāh ḥăšaḇnuhū ḥāšaḇtā ḥāšaḇtāh ḥăšaḇtem ḥāšaḇtî ḥāšāḇū ḥāšəḇū ḥiš·šaḇ·tî ḥiš·šə·ḇāh ḥiššaḇtî ḥiššəḇāh ḥō·šə·ḇê ḥō·šə·ḇê- ḥō·šə·ḇîm ḥō·šêḇ ḥō·wō·šêḇ ḥōšêḇ ḥōšəḇê ḥōšəḇê- ḥōšəḇîm ḥōwōšêḇ lachSho laḥ·šōḇ laḥšōḇ mə·ḥaš·šêḇ mechashShev məḥaššêḇ nechShav nechShavnu Nechshavti nechShavu nechsheVu neḥ·šā·ḇū neḥ·šāḇ neḥ·šaḇ·nū neḥ·šaḇ·tî neḥ·šə·ḇū neḥ·šə·ḇū- neḥšāḇ neḥšaḇnū neḥšaḇtî neḥšāḇū neḥšəḇū neḥšəḇū- tachsheVu tachsheVuni tachSho tachShou taḥ·šə·ḇū taḥ·šə·ḇu·nî taḥ·šō·ḇū taḥ·šōḇ taḥšəḇū taḥšəḇunî taḥšōḇ taḥšōḇū tê·ḥā·šeḇ tê·ḥā·šêḇ tə·ḥaš·šə·ḇūn techaShev techashsheVun têḥāšeḇ têḥāšêḇ təḥaššəḇūn ū·lə·ḥō·šə·ḇê ulechosheVei ūləḥōšəḇê Vaachashshevah vaiyachsheVeha vaiyachsheVeni vatteChashev VattechashsheVehu vechaShav vechashavTa vechishShav vechoShev vechosheVei velachSho venachsheVah venechShav vetachsheVeni wā’ăḥaššəḇāh wā·’ă·ḥaš·šə·ḇāh wat·tê·ḥā·šeḇ wat·tə·ḥaš·šə·ḇê·hū wattêḥāšeḇ wattəḥaššəḇêhū way·yaḥ·šə·ḇe·hā way·yaḥ·šə·ḇê·nî wayyaḥšəḇehā wayyaḥšəḇênî wə·ḥā·šaḇ wə·ḥā·šaḇ·tā wə·ḥiš·šaḇ wə·ḥiš·šaḇ- wə·ḥō·šə·ḇê wə·ḥō·šêḇ wə·laḥ·šōḇ wə·naḥ·šə·ḇāh wə·neḥ·šaḇ wə·ṯaḥ·šə·ḇê·nî wəḥāšaḇ wəḥāšaḇtā wəḥiššaḇ wəḥiššaḇ- wəḥōšêḇ wəḥōšəḇê wəlaḥšōḇ wənaḥšəḇāh wəneḥšaḇ wəṯaḥšəḇênî ya·ḥă·šāḇ ya·ḥă·šāḇ- ya·ḥă·šō·ḇūn yachaShav yachashov yachashoVun yachsheVeni yachsheVu yachSho yachShou yaḥ·šə·ḇê·nî yaḥ·šə·ḇū yaḥ·šō·ḇū yaḥ·šōḇ yaḥăšāḇ yaḥăšāḇ- yaḥăšōḇūn yaḥšəḇênî yaḥšəḇū yaḥšōḇ yaḥšōḇū yê·ḥā·šə·ḇū yê·ḥā·šêḇ yə·ḥaš·šə·ḇū yə·ḥaš·šə·ḇū- yə·ḥaš·šêḇ yechaShev yechasheVu yechashShev yechashsheVu yêḥāšêḇ yêḥāšəḇū yəḥaššêḇ yəḥaššəḇū yəḥaššəḇū- yiṯ·ḥaš·šāḇ yitchashShav yiṯḥaššāḇLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 15:6 HEB: וְהֶאֱמִ֖ן בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ לּ֖וֹ צְדָקָֽה׃ NAS: in the LORD; and He reckoned it to him as righteousness. KJV: in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness. INT: believed the LORD reckoned righteousness Genesis 31:15 Genesis 38:15 Genesis 50:20 Genesis 50:20 Exodus 26:1 Exodus 26:31 Exodus 28:6 Exodus 28:15 Exodus 31:4 Exodus 35:32 Exodus 35:35 Exodus 35:35 Exodus 36:8 Exodus 36:35 Exodus 38:23 Exodus 39:3 Exodus 39:8 Leviticus 7:18 Leviticus 17:4 Leviticus 25:27 Leviticus 25:31 Leviticus 25:50 Leviticus 25:52 Leviticus 27:18 124 Occurrences |
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