Lexical Summary ur: To rouse, to awaken, to stir up, to incite Original Word: עוּר Strong's Exhaustive Concordance awaken, up, lift up self, master, raise up, stir up self A primitive root (rather identical with uwr through the idea of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or figuratively) -- (a-)wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master, raise (up), stir up (self). see HEBREW uwr NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to rouse oneself, awake NASB Translation arise (1), arouse (12), arouse or awaken (3), aroused (10), arouses (2), awake (15), awaken (2), awakened (2), awakens (2), awakes (1), exulted (1), lifted (1), raise (1), rouse (3), rouse yourself (2), roused (1), stir (7), stirred (7), stirs (2), swung (2). Brown-Driver-Briggs I. [עוּר] verb rouse oneself, awake (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic עוּר,  ; Arabic  ,  see עיר, עַיִר;  ,  , is be jealous, compare Syriac  hate, revenge); — Qal Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְעוּרֶנּוּ Job 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt יעירנו (Hiph`il), Babylonian Masora (see Baerp. 58), so Ginsbmargin van d. H.; read thus, or יְעוֺרְרֶנּוּ (Po`l.) Bu; > contracted form of Po`l. Ges§ 72cc Di; compare Sta§ 484 e; Imperative masculine singular ע֫וּרָה Psalm 7:7 +, feminine singular ע֫וּרִי Judges 5:12 (twice in verse) + 3t., עוּרִ֫י Judges 5:12 (twice in verse) + 5 t. (for rhythm); Participle עֵר Songs 5:2 + Malachi 2:12 (read probably עֵד We Now GASm, compare ᵐ5 ἕως = עַד); — rouse oneself to activity, of Deborah Judges 5:12 (4 t. in verse); of ׳י Psalm 7:7 ("" קוּמָה, הִנָּשֵׂא), Psalm 59:5 (followed by infinitive), Psalm 44:24 (opposed to יָשֵׁן), of ׳יs arm Isaiah 51:9 (3 t. in verse), of oneself Psalm 57:9, of Zion Isaiah 52:1 (twice in verse), of stone (idol) Habakkuk 2:19, sword Zechariah 13:7 (+ עַל against), wind Songs 4:16, harp and lyre Psalm 57:9 = Psalm 108:3; לִבִּי עֵר Songs 5:2 my heart waketh (opposed to יָשֵׁן). — Job 41:2; Malachi 2:12 see above Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נֵעוֺר Zechariah 2:17; Imperfect3masculine singularיֵעוֺר Jeremiah 6:22; Zechariah 4:1; 3masculine plural יֵעֹרוּ Jeremiah 50:41; Job 14:12, יֵעוֺרוּ Joel 4:12; — be roused Zechariah 4:1 (from [מִן] sleep, in simile), so Job 14:12 (sleep of death, "" יָקִיצוּ, יָקוּם); be incited to activity, with מִן local: of ׳י Zechariah 2:17, of nation Jeremiah 6:22, kings Jeremiah 50:41, whirlwind Jeremiah 25:32; absolute of nations Joel 4:12. Po`el. Perfect3masculine singular עוֺרֵר 2 Samuel 23:18 +, ׳וְע consecutive Isaiah 10:26, 1singular וְעוֺרַרְתִּ֫י Zechariah 9:13, suffix עוֺרַרְתִּיךָ Songs 8:5; Imperfect3feminine singular תְּעֹרֵר Proverbs 10:12, 2masculine plural תְּעוֺרְרוּ Songs 2:7; Songs 3:5, תְּעֹרְרוּ Songs 8:4 (feminine subject Ges§ 144a); Imperative masculine singular עוֺרְרָה Psalm 80:3; Infinitive עֹרֵר Job 3:8; — rouse, incite to activity, with accusative of person Zechariah 9:13 (+ עַל against), accusative רְפָאִים Isaiah 14:9 (subject שְׁאוֺל see Ges§ 145t); ׳ע אֶתגְּֿבוּרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 80:3 (of ׳י); הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר לִוְיָתָן Job 3:8; especially rouse, excite love Songs 2:7; Songs 3:5; Songs 8:4 (all "" תָּעִירוּ; feminine subject see Ges§ 144a); עוֺרַרְתִּיךָ Songs 8:5 is dubious, of exciting love De, arousing from slumber Bu, so, reading עוֺרַרְתִּיךְ, Siegf; מְדָנִים ׳שִׂנְאָה תְּע Proverbs 10:12 hatred stirreth up strifes; with accusative of weapon 2 Samuel 23:18 rouse, awaken, i.e. wield, brandish (+ עַל against), so read also 2 Samuel 23:8 (see חֲנִית 1) = 1 Chronicles 11:11,20, so Isaiah 10:26. — Isaiah 23:13 see ערר. Pilpel Imperfect3masculine plural זַעֲקַתשֶֿׁבֶר יְעֹעֵ֑רוּ Isaiah 15:5, usually explained as = יְעַרְעֵ֑רוּ (which some read), rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction, GesComm. Thes. De Di Du Ges§ 72cc Köi. 500; ii. 497; Pilpel not elsewhere, very dubious; read perhaps יְעוֺרֵ֑רוּ; LagProph. Chald. IL Che GuKau SS read יְרֹעָ֑עוּ shout, but improbable with זַעֲקַת. Hithpo`lel Perfect וְהִתְעֹרַ֫רְתִּי כִּי consecutive Job 31:29 and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant, that ("" אֶשְׂמַח), so perhaps Imperfect3masculine singular Job 17:8, reading וְחָנֵף עַלנָֿקִי יִתְעֹרָ֑ר Me Di Beer (ᵑ0 ׳וְנָקִי עַלחָֿנֵף יִתְע i.e. be excited with displeasure); rouse oneself to activity, Participle מִתְעוֺרֵר לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ Isaiah 64:6. Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵעִיר Isaiah 41:2 +; 1 singular הַעִיר֫וֺתִי Isaiah 41:25 (see Köi. 500 Ges§ 72x), suffix הַעִירֹתִהוּ Isaiah 45:13; Imperfect3masculine singular יָעִיר Deuteronomy 32:11 +, וְיָעֵר Daniel 11:25, וַיָּ֫עַר Haggai 1:14 +, suffix וַיְעִירֵנִי Zechariah 4:1, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָעִירָה Psalm 35:23; masculine plural הָעִירוּ Joel 4:9; Infinitive בָּעִיר (= בְּהָעִיר) Psalm 73:20 (Ges§ 53q); Participle מֵעִיר Isaiah 13:17 +, suffix מְעִירָם Joel 4:7; — 1 rouse, with suffix Zechariah 4:1 (as if from sleep, see Qal); rouse, stir up, to activity, כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֺ Deuteronomy 32:11; with accusative of person, or equivalent, expressed or implied, especially subject ׳י: Isaiah 45:13; with מִן local Isaiah 41:2,25; Joel 4:7; + עַל against Isaiah 13:17, compare Jeremiah 50:9; Jeremiah 51:1; Ezekiel 23:22; ׳הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ פ Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14; 1 Chronicles 5:26; 2Chronicles 21:16 (+ עַל against), 2 Chronicles 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, compare Ezra 1:5; ׳י subject also in following: יָעִיר קִנְאָה Isaiah 42:13, יָעִיר Isaiah 50:4 (twice in verse) (+ לִי אֹזֶן); יָעִיר כָּלחֲֿמָתוֺ <BIBLE:Psalm 78:39>; human subject, with accusative of person Joel 4:9, Daniel 11:2 (+ אֵת in conflict with, ᵑ9 de We Meinh Behrm, compare Bev who thinks יערך לקראת possibly); perhaps also, object crocodile Job 41:2 (reading יְעִירֶנּוּ see Qal); וְיָעֵר כֹּחוֺ וּלְבָבוֺ Daniel 11:25 (+ עַל against); especially of rousing love Songs 2:7; Songs 3:5; Songs 8:4 (all "" Po`l. q. v.); figurative אָעִירָה שָׁ֑חַר Psalm 57:9 I will arouse the dawn ("" Imperative Qal q. v.); participle absolute = stirring up (a fire) Hosea 7:4 (si vera 1.; compare Ges§ 120b; but text dubious compare We Now GASm). 2 declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake, הָעִירָה וְהָקִיצָה לְמִשְׁמָּטִי Psalm 35:23, compare Job 8:6 (+ עַל over = for; both subject ׳י); absolute Psalm 73:20. Topical Lexicon Overview of the Term The verb עוּר appears across the breadth of the Old Testament, describing the act of waking from sleep, rousing emotions, stirring human or divine activity, and summoning individuals and nations to action. Its contexts range from the intimate sphere of personal devotion to sweeping movements of redemptive history, illustrating how God sovereignly “awakens” both people and events in fulfillment of His purposes. Physical and Personal Awakening On its simplest level the word depicts literal waking from sleep (Judges 16:14; 1 Kings 3:15; Jonah 1:6), reminding the reader of daily dependence upon the Lord for renewed life and consciousness. These ordinary awakenings prepare the way for richer figurative uses, demonstrating how Scripture regularly moves from the natural to the spiritual. Stirring Emotions and Desires The Song of Songs features repeated warnings: “Do not stir up or awaken love until it pleases” (Song of Songs 2:7; 3:5; 8:4). The term warns against prematurely arousing passions outside God-ordained timing, underlining biblical ethics of love, marriage, and self-control. Conversely, the Psalms use the same verb to energize praise: “Awake, my glory! Awake, harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn” (Psalm 57:8; cf. Psalm 108:2). Personal devotion, like marital affection, must be roused in harmony with God’s design. Mobilization for Battle and Leadership In the era of the judges and monarchy, the word frequently summons warriors. Deborah cries, “Awake, awake, Deborah; awake, awake, sing a song! Arise, Barak, and take captive your captors” (Judges 5:12). Prophets foretell God’s stirring of foreign armies as instruments of chastisement: “I will stir up the Medes against them” (Isaiah 13:17) and “The LORD has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes” (Jeremiah 51:11). The same term can energize Israel’s own leaders; the Lord “stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia” (2 Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1) and later “stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel … and the spirit of Joshua … and the spirit of all the remnant of the people” to rebuild His house (Haggai 1:14). Thus the verb traces God’s sovereign hand in geopolitical shifts and covenantal restoration. Divine Stirring of Hearts and Spirits Exodus 35 records voluntary generosity for the tabernacle: “Everyone whose heart stirred him and everyone whose spirit moved him came and brought the LORD’s offering” (Exodus 35:21, 26). Here the inward impulse is neither coerced nor accidental; it is God's gracious work enabling joyful obedience. Similar internal awakenings launch revival movements under Asa (2 Chronicles 15:8) and Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 29:36). These occurrences encourage believers to pray that God would awaken willing hearts for every good work. Prophetic Calls to Zion and the Arm of the LORD Isaiah and Zechariah employ imperatives that ring with eschatological hope. These commands envision the Lord’s decisive intervention in salvation history. The climax in Zechariah 13:7, applied by Jesus to His impending arrest (Matthew 26:31), shows that the ultimate “awakening” of the sword falls upon the Messiah for the redemption of His flock. Judgment and National Upheaval Prophets warn that when the Lord rouses nations, upheaval follows. Habakkuk 2:7 predicts that creditors will suddenly “arise,” exacting retribution on Babylon. In Psalm 35:23 David appeals, “Awake and rise to my defense,” trusting that God’s awakened judgment will vindicate the righteous. The imagery assures believers that divine justice never sleeps, even when judgment is delayed. Worship, Lament, and Covenant Assurance At times the psalmist pleads for God Himself to awaken: “Awake! Why do You sleep, O Lord? Arise, do not reject us forever” (Psalm 44:23). Though the language is poetic, not literal, it gives voice to covenantal confidence—God will surely “awake” to uphold His promises. The tension between apparent divine silence and eventual intervention deepens the believer’s faith and patience. Resurrection and Renewal Motifs Isaiah links awakening with resurrection hope: “Your dead will live; their bodies will rise. Awake and sing, you who dwell in the dust!” (Isaiah 26:19). Daniel 12:2 echoes the theme: “Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake.” The verb here foreshadows New Testament revelation of bodily resurrection secured in Christ’s victory (1 Corinthians 15). Messianic and Eschatological Resonances Beyond Zechariah 13:7 and Isaiah’s Servant passages, the concept of God awakening His arm anticipates the incarnation and atonement. The New Testament presents Jesus as the One whom the Father awakened from the dead (Acts 3:15; Romans 4:24), sealing redemption and inaugurating the final age. Therefore, every Old Testament occurrence that pairs divine awakening with salvation prepares the reader for the gospel. Implications for Christian Life and Ministry 1. Personal Vigilance: Believers are to stay spiritually awake, echoing Psalm 57:8 and Paul’s later exhortation, “Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead” (Ephesians 5:14). From ordinary mornings to the dawning of the new creation, עוּר traces a theological arc that summons God’s people to wakefulness, holiness, and hope while magnifying the Lord who, in perfect wisdom, awakens all things at the appointed time. Forms and Transliterations אָעִ֥ירָה אעירה בָּעִ֤יר ׀ בעיר הִֽתְעוֹרְרִ֗י הִתְעוֹרְרִ֣י הֵעִ֣יר הֵעִ֤יר הֵעִיר֙ הַעִיר֤וֹתִי הַעִירֹתִ֣הֽוּ הָעִ֙ירוּ֙ הָעִ֣ירָה העיר העירה העירו העירותי העירתהו התעוררי וְ֝הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי וְיָעֵר֩ וְע֥וּרָה וְעוֹרֵ֨ר וְעוֹרַרְתִּ֤י וַיְעִירֵ֕נִי וַיָּ֣עַר וַיָּ֨עַר וַיָּעַר֩ והתעררתי ויעירני ויער ועורה ועורר ועוררתי יְעֹעֵֽרוּ׃ יְעוּרֶ֑נּוּ יִתְעֹרָֽר׃ יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ יֵע֖וֹר יֵע֙וֹרוּ֙ יֵע֥וֹר יֵעֹ֖רוּ יָ֝עִיר יָעִ֣יר יָעִ֣יר ׀ יָעִ֥יר יעור יעורו יעורנו יעיר יעערו׃ יערו יתערר׃ מְעִירָ֔ם מִתְעוֹרֵ֖ר מֵעִ֔יר מֵעִ֣יר מֵעִ֤יר מֵעִ֥יר מֵעִיר֩ מעיר מעירם מתעורר נֵע֖וֹר נעור ע֖וּרִי ע֖וּרָה ע֚וּרִי ע֤וּרִי ע֤וּרָה ע֤וּרָה ׀ ע֥וּרִי ע֭וּרָֽה עֵ֑ר עֵ֣ר עֹרֵ֥ר עֽוֹרַרְתִּ֔יךָ עוֹרְרָ֥ה עוֹרֵ֣ר עוֹרֵ֧ר עוֹרֵ֨ר עוּרִ֛י עוּרִ֤י עוּרִ֥י עוּרִ֨י עוּרִי֙ עורה עורי עורר עוררה עוררתיך ער ערר תְּעֹֽרְר֛וּ תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ תְּעוֹרֵ֣ר תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ תעורר תעוררו תעירו תעררו ‘êr ‘ō·rêr ‘ō·w·rar·tî·ḵā ‘ō·w·rêr ‘ō·wr·rāh ‘ōrêr ‘ōwrartîḵā ‘ōwrêr ‘ōwrrāh ‘ū·rāh ‘ū·rî ‘ūrāh ‘ūrî ’ā‘îrāh ’ā·‘î·rāh aIrah bā‘îr bā·‘îr baIr Er hā‘îrāh ha‘îrōṯihū ha‘îrōwṯî hā‘îrū hā·‘î·rāh ha·‘î·rō·ṯi·hū ha·‘î·rō·w·ṯî hā·‘î·rū haIrah haiRoti hairoTihu haIru hê‘îr hê·‘îr heIr hiṯ‘ōwrrî hiṯ·‘ō·wr·rî hitorRi mê‘îr mə‘îrām mə·‘î·rām mê·‘îr meIr meiRam miṯ‘ōwrêr miṯ·‘ō·w·rêr mitoRer nê‘ōwr nê·‘ō·wr neor orarTicha oRer orRah tā‘îrū tā·‘î·rū taIru tə‘ōrərū tə‘ōwrêr tə‘ōwrrū tə·‘ō·rə·rū tə·‘ō·w·rêr tə·‘ō·wr·rū teoRer teoreRu teorRu Urah uRi vaiyaAr vayiReni vehitoRarti veorarTi veoRer veUrah veyaEr way‘îrênî way·‘î·rê·nî way·yā·‘ar wayyā‘ar wə‘ōwrartî wə‘ōwrêr wə‘ūrāh wə·‘ō·w·rar·tî wə·‘ō·w·rêr wə·‘ū·rāh wə·hiṯ·‘ō·rar·tî wə·yā·‘êr wəhiṯ‘ōrartî wəyā‘êr yā‘îr yā·‘îr yaIr yə‘ō‘êrū yê‘ōrū yê‘ōwr yê‘ōwrū yə‘ūrennū yə·‘ō·‘ê·rū yê·‘ō·rū yê·‘ō·w·rū yê·‘ō·wr yə·‘ū·ren·nū yeoEru yeor yeOru yeuRennu yiṯ‘ōrār yiṯ·‘ō·rār yitoRarLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Deuteronomy 32:11 HEB: כְּנֶ֙שֶׁר֙ יָעִ֣יר קִנּ֔וֹ עַל־ NAS: Like an eagle that stirs up its nest, KJV: As an eagle stirreth up her nest, INT: an eagle stirs nest over Judges 5:12 Judges 5:12 Judges 5:12 Judges 5:12 2 Samuel 23:18 1 Chronicles 5:26 1 Chronicles 11:11 1 Chronicles 11:20 2 Chronicles 21:16 2 Chronicles 36:22 Ezra 1:1 Ezra 1:5 Job 3:8 Job 8:6 Job 14:12 Job 17:8 Job 31:29 Job 41:10 Psalm 7:6 Psalm 35:23 Psalm 44:23 Psalm 57:8 Psalm 57:8 Psalm 57:8 80 Occurrences |
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