Then Jesus
This phrase marks the transition from Jesus' baptism to the beginning of His public ministry. It emphasizes the continuity of His mission and the divine approval He received at His baptism. Jesus is the central figure in the Gospel, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah.

full of the Holy Spirit
This indicates that Jesus was completely empowered and guided by the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit descended upon Him at His baptism (Luke 3:22), signifying His anointing for ministry. This fullness is essential for His role as the Messiah and reflects the prophecy in Isaiah 61:1, which Jesus later reads in the synagogue (Luke 4:18).

returned from the Jordan
The Jordan River is significant in biblical history as a place of transition and new beginnings. It was where the Israelites crossed into the Promised Land (Joshua 3-4) and where John the Baptist was baptizing. Jesus' return from the Jordan signifies the start of His mission to bring spiritual deliverance.

and was led by the Spirit
This phrase underscores the divine guidance in Jesus' life. The Holy Spirit's leading is crucial for His mission, showing His obedience to the Father's will. It parallels the Israelites' journey in the wilderness, where they were led by God (Exodus 13:21).

into the wilderness
The wilderness is a place of testing and preparation in biblical narratives. It recalls the 40 years the Israelites spent in the desert, a time of trial and reliance on God (Deuteronomy 8:2-3). Jesus' time in the wilderness foreshadows His role as the new Israel, succeeding where they failed, and prepares Him for His public ministry.

where for forty days He was tempted by the devil.
The number forty is significant in biblical history, often associated with periods of testing, trial, and preparation. For example, the Israelites wandered in the desert for forty years (Numbers 14:33-34), and Moses spent forty days on Mount Sinai (Exodus 24:18). This period of temptation in the wilderness serves as a parallel to Israel's own testing and failure, highlighting Jesus as the true and faithful Israelite. The wilderness itself is a place of desolation and danger, symbolizing spiritual barrenness and the need for reliance on God. The devil, or Satan, is depicted as the adversary, whose role is to challenge and attempt to derail God's redemptive plan. This encounter emphasizes Jesus' role as the second Adam, who succeeds where the first Adam failed (Romans 5:12-19).

He ate nothing during those days,
Fasting is a spiritual discipline seen throughout Scripture, often associated with seeking God's guidance, repentance, or preparation for a significant task. Jesus' fasting for forty days mirrors Moses' fast on Mount Sinai (Exodus 34:28) and Elijah's journey to Horeb (1 Kings 19:8), both of which were times of divine encounter and revelation. This act of fasting underscores Jesus' dependence on the Father and His commitment to His mission. It also highlights His humanity, as He experiences physical hunger and weakness, yet remains spiritually strong.

and when they had ended, He was hungry.
This statement affirms the true humanity of Jesus, who experienced physical needs and limitations. His hunger after the fast emphasizes the reality of His incarnation, as He fully participates in the human condition (Philippians 2:7-8). This moment of vulnerability sets the stage for the devil's temptations, which aim to exploit Jesus' physical weakness. However, it also demonstrates Jesus' perfect obedience and reliance on God's provision, contrasting with Israel's complaints and lack of faith during their wilderness journey (Exodus 16:2-3). Jesus' victory over temptation foreshadows His ultimate triumph over sin and death, affirming His identity as the Son of God and the Savior of humanity.

The devil said to Him
This encounter occurs immediately after Jesus' baptism and His time in the wilderness, where He fasted for forty days. The devil, also known as Satan, is a fallen angel who opposes God and His purposes. This confrontation is significant as it mirrors the temptation of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3, highlighting the devil's role as the tempter. The wilderness setting is reminiscent of Israel's 40 years of testing in the desert, drawing a parallel between Jesus and Israel as God's chosen.

“If You are the Son of God
The phrase "If You are the Son of God" is a direct challenge to Jesus' identity and mission. At His baptism, God declared Jesus as His beloved Son (Luke 3:22). The devil's use of "if" is an attempt to sow doubt and provoke Jesus to prove His divine sonship. This temptation is similar to the serpent's questioning of God's word in the Garden of Eden. The title "Son of God" is messianic, affirming Jesus' divine nature and His role as the promised Savior.

tell this stone to become bread.”
This temptation targets Jesus' physical hunger after His prolonged fast, appealing to the natural human desire for sustenance. The act of turning stone into bread would demonstrate Jesus' divine power but would also signify a misuse of His abilities for personal gain, contrary to His mission of self-sacrifice and reliance on God. This echoes Israel's reliance on God for manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16), emphasizing trust in God's provision. Jesus' response, quoting Deuteronomy 8:3, underscores the importance of spiritual nourishment over physical needs, aligning with His teaching that man does not live by bread alone.

But Jesus answered
In this passage, Jesus is responding to the devil's temptation in the wilderness. This encounter occurs after Jesus has fasted for forty days and nights, a period that mirrors the 40 years the Israelites spent in the desert. Jesus' response is significant as it demonstrates His reliance on Scripture to counter temptation, setting an example for believers. His use of Scripture highlights the authority and sufficiency of God's Word in spiritual warfare.

It is written
This phrase indicates that Jesus is quoting from the Old Testament, specifically Deuteronomy 8:3. By saying "It is written," Jesus affirms the authority and enduring relevance of the Scriptures. This reflects the Jewish tradition of using Scripture as a foundation for teaching and decision-making. It also underscores the belief that the Word of God is inspired and authoritative, a principle that is central to Christian doctrine.

‘Man shall not live on bread alone.’
This quote from Deuteronomy 8:3 was originally spoken by Moses to the Israelites, reminding them that their survival in the wilderness was not solely dependent on physical sustenance but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. In the context of Jesus' temptation, it emphasizes the importance of spiritual nourishment over physical needs. This teaching is consistent with the broader biblical theme that true life and fulfillment come from a relationship with God and obedience to His Word. It also foreshadows Jesus' teaching in John 6:35, where He declares Himself to be the "bread of life," indicating that He is the ultimate source of spiritual sustenance.

Then the devil led Him up to a high place
This phrase indicates a physical movement initiated by the devil, suggesting a temporary allowance by Jesus for the purpose of the temptation narrative. The "high place" is symbolic of a vantage point, possibly a mountain, which in biblical times was often associated with divine encounters or significant events (e.g., Moses on Mount Sinai). This setting underscores the gravity of the temptation and the devil's attempt to assert authority over Jesus. Theologically, it reflects the devil's role as the "prince of this world" (John 12:31), temporarily permitted to wield influence.

and showed Him in an instant
The phrase "in an instant" suggests a supernatural vision rather than a physical journey. This momentary revelation implies the devil's attempt to overwhelm Jesus with the grandeur and allure of worldly power. The immediacy of the vision contrasts with the eternal nature of God's kingdom, highlighting the fleeting and deceptive nature of earthly power. This aligns with the devil's character as a deceiver, as seen in Genesis 3:1-5, where he uses half-truths to tempt Eve.

all the kingdoms of the world
This phrase encompasses the entirety of human political and cultural power structures. The kingdoms represent not just geographical territories but also the systems and authorities that govern them. Historically, this would include the Roman Empire, which dominated the known world at the time. Theologically, it reflects the devil's claim to authority over earthly realms, a claim that Jesus later refutes through His death and resurrection (Matthew 28:18). This temptation echoes the promise of dominion given to Adam, which was marred by sin, and foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment of God's kingdom through Christ (Revelation 11:15).

I will give You authority over all these kingdoms and all their glory,
This phrase is part of the temptation of Jesus by Satan in the wilderness. The offer of authority over the kingdoms and their glory reflects Satan's attempt to entice Jesus with power and dominion, which are significant themes throughout the Bible. The kingdoms represent earthly powers and political entities, which are often seen as temporary and inferior to the eternal kingdom of God. The glory of these kingdoms can be understood as their wealth, splendor, and influence. This temptation echoes the human desire for power and control, contrasting with Jesus' mission of humility and service. Theologically, this moment highlights the spiritual battle between the kingdom of God and the kingdom of darkness.

he said.
The speaker here is Satan, who is often referred to as the adversary or accuser in Scripture. His role in this passage is to test Jesus' obedience and faithfulness to God. This encounter is reminiscent of the testing of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, where Satan also used deception and temptation. The dialogue between Jesus and Satan underscores the reality of spiritual warfare and the need for discernment and reliance on God's Word.

For it has been relinquished to me,
Satan claims that authority over the kingdoms has been given to him. This statement reflects the biblical understanding that, due to humanity's fall into sin, the world is under the influence of evil. Passages such as 2 Corinthians 4:4 refer to Satan as the "god of this age," indicating his temporary dominion over earthly matters. However, this authority is limited and ultimately subject to God's sovereign control. The relinquishment of authority can be seen as a result of human sinfulness and the consequences of the fall.

and I can give it to anyone I wish.
Satan's claim to distribute authority suggests a level of autonomy in his operations, yet it is important to recognize that his power is not absolute. Throughout Scripture, it is clear that God remains the ultimate authority, and any power Satan possesses is permitted by God for a time. This phrase also serves as a reminder of the deceptive nature of Satan, who often promises what he cannot truly deliver. The temptation to seek power apart from God's will is a recurring theme in the Bible, warning believers to trust in God's provision and timing.

So if You worship me
This phrase is part of the temptation of Jesus by Satan in the wilderness. The context is significant as it occurs right after Jesus' baptism and the Holy Spirit's descent upon Him, marking the beginning of His public ministry. The devil's challenge here is a direct attack on Jesus' mission and identity. Worship, in biblical terms, involves reverence and submission, and Satan is attempting to divert Jesus from His divine purpose by offering Him a shortcut to power and glory without the suffering of the cross. This temptation echoes the Israelites' struggles with idolatry in the Old Testament, where they often turned to false gods for immediate gratification and security.

it will all be Yours.
Satan's offer of "all the kingdoms of the world" is a deceitful promise, as he claims authority over them. This reflects the biblical understanding of Satan as the "prince of this world" (John 12:31), who has temporary influence but not ultimate ownership. The promise of worldly power contrasts with the nature of Christ's kingdom, which is not of this world (John 18:36). Jesus' mission was to establish a spiritual kingdom through obedience to the Father, culminating in His sacrificial death and resurrection. This temptation also parallels the promise of dominion given to Adam, which was lost through sin, and highlights Jesus as the second Adam who would reclaim and fulfill God's original intent for humanity.

But Jesus answered
In this passage, Jesus is responding to the devil's temptation in the wilderness. This encounter occurs after Jesus has fasted for forty days and nights, a period of testing and preparation for His public ministry. The phrase "Jesus answered" indicates His authoritative response, rooted in Scripture, to the devil's challenge. This moment highlights Jesus' role as the obedient Son of God, contrasting with Adam's failure in the Garden of Eden.

It is written
Jesus frequently uses this phrase to introduce quotations from Scripture, emphasizing the authority and permanence of God's Word. By saying "It is written," Jesus affirms the divine inspiration and reliability of the Scriptures. This phrase underscores the importance of knowing and applying God's Word in spiritual warfare and daily life.

‘Worship the Lord your God
This command is a direct quotation from Deuteronomy 6:13, part of the Shema, a central declaration of faith in Judaism. The context of Deuteronomy involves Moses instructing the Israelites on how to live faithfully in the Promised Land. Worshiping God alone was crucial for maintaining their covenant relationship. Jesus' use of this command highlights the exclusivity of worship due to God, rejecting any form of idolatry or allegiance to other powers.

and serve Him only.’
The call to serve God alone reinforces the first commandment given to the Israelites: "You shall have no other gods before Me" (Exodus 20:3). Serving God involves obedience, loyalty, and devotion, reflecting a life wholly dedicated to His purposes. This statement by Jesus not only rebukes the devil's temptation to idolatry but also sets a precedent for His followers to prioritize God's kingdom above all else. The phrase echoes the prophetic call to faithfulness found throughout the Old Testament and is exemplified in Jesus' own life and ministry.

Then the devil led Him to Jerusalem
This phrase indicates the devil's active role in the temptation of Jesus, showcasing his audacity in confronting the Son of God. Jerusalem, the spiritual and religious center of Israel, holds significant importance as the city of David and the location of the temple. It is a place where God's presence was believed to dwell, making it a fitting setting for a test of Jesus' divine mission. The devil's choice of Jerusalem underscores the gravity of the temptation, as it is a city associated with God's covenant and promises.

and set Him on the pinnacle of the temple.
The pinnacle of the temple refers to the highest point of the temple complex, possibly the southeastern corner overlooking the Kidron Valley. This location would have been a dramatic and public place, emphasizing the spectacle of the temptation. The temple itself was the center of Jewish worship and a symbol of God's presence among His people. By setting Jesus here, the devil is challenging Him in a place of profound religious significance, testing His identity and mission in the heart of Jewish faith.

“If You are the Son of God,” he said,
The devil's challenge begins with a conditional statement, "If You are the Son of God," questioning Jesus' divine identity. This echoes the temptation in the Garden of Eden, where the serpent cast doubt on God's word. The title "Son of God" affirms Jesus' unique relationship with the Father, as seen in His baptism (Luke 3:22). The devil's words aim to provoke doubt and pride, tempting Jesus to prove His divine sonship through a miraculous act.

“throw Yourself down from here.”
The devil's temptation involves a call for Jesus to demonstrate His divine power by throwing Himself from the temple's pinnacle. This act would require divine intervention to prevent harm, thus proving His identity. The devil's challenge is a misuse of Scripture, as he later quotes Psalm 91:11-12, twisting its meaning to suit his purpose. This temptation tests Jesus' trust in the Father and His commitment to His mission, contrasting with the faithful obedience expected of the Messiah. Jesus' refusal to succumb highlights His reliance on God's word and His rejection of using divine power for self-serving purposes.

For it is written:
This phrase indicates the use of Scripture to support a point or argument. In this context, it is part of the temptation of Jesus by Satan, who quotes Scripture to persuade Jesus. The phrase underscores the authority and importance of Scripture in Jewish and early Christian thought. It reflects the practice of using the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) as a foundation for teaching and decision-making.

‘He will command His angels concerning You
This part of the verse is a quotation from Psalm 91:11, which speaks of God's protection over His faithful. The use of angels signifies divine intervention and care, a common theme in Jewish theology. Angels are often seen as messengers and protectors, acting on God's behalf. This reflects the belief in a spiritual realm actively involved in the affairs of humanity.

to guard You carefully,
The promise of protection is emphasized here, suggesting a vigilant and attentive safeguarding by the angels. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's providence and care for His people. The careful guarding implies not just physical protection but also spiritual and moral guidance. This connects to the broader narrative of Jesus' mission, where divine protection is assured but not to be tested presumptuously.

and they will lift You up in their hands
This phrase is part of the temptation narrative where Satan quotes Psalm 91:11-12 to Jesus. The psalm is a promise of God's protection for those who trust in Him. The imagery of being lifted up in hands suggests divine intervention and care, akin to how a parent might protect a child from harm. In the context of Jesus' temptation, it highlights the misuse of Scripture by Satan, who attempts to manipulate God's promises for his own purposes. The phrase also foreshadows the angelic support Jesus receives throughout His ministry, such as in the Garden of Gethsemane (Luke 22:43).

so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”
This part of the verse emphasizes God's protection from harm. In the wilderness temptation, Satan uses this to challenge Jesus to test God's faithfulness. The cultural context of the time saw stones as common obstacles in the rugged terrain of Judea, making the metaphor relatable. Theologically, it underscores the theme of trust in God's providence without putting Him to the test. Jesus' response to this temptation (Luke 4:12) reflects Deuteronomy 6:16, teaching reliance on God without demanding signs. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical narrative of Jesus as the true Israel, who succeeds where Israel failed in the wilderness.

But Jesus answered
In this passage, Jesus is responding to the devil during His temptation in the wilderness. This encounter occurs after Jesus has fasted for forty days and nights, a period that mirrors the 40 years the Israelites spent in the desert. Jesus' response is significant as it demonstrates His reliance on Scripture to counter temptation, setting an example for believers. His use of Scripture highlights the importance of knowing and applying God's Word in spiritual battles.

It also says
Jesus refers to the written Word of God, emphasizing the authority and sufficiency of Scripture. By saying "it also says," He acknowledges the comprehensive nature of God's Word, which provides guidance for all aspects of life. This phrase underscores the importance of interpreting Scripture with Scripture, ensuring a balanced understanding of God's commands and promises.

‘Do not put the Lord your God to the test.’
This quote is from Deuteronomy 6:16, where Moses warns the Israelites not to test God as they did at Massah. At Massah, the Israelites doubted God's provision and presence, demanding water and questioning His care for them. Jesus uses this command to reject the devil's challenge to throw Himself from the temple pinnacle, which would have been a presumptuous act demanding a miraculous sign from God. This highlights the principle of trusting God's faithfulness without requiring Him to prove Himself through extraordinary means. It also reflects Jesus' role as the obedient Son, fulfilling the law and succeeding where Israel failed.

When the devil had finished every temptation
This phrase indicates the completion of a series of temptations that Jesus faced in the wilderness. The temptations are detailed earlier in Luke 4, where Satan challenges Jesus to turn stones into bread, to worship him in exchange for the kingdoms of the world, and to test God by jumping from the temple. These temptations correspond to the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, as outlined in 1 John 2:16. The number three often signifies completeness in biblical terms, suggesting that Jesus faced a full spectrum of temptations. This event echoes the temptation of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3, but unlike the first Adam, Jesus, the second Adam, remains sinless and victorious.

he left Him
This part of the verse shows that the devil's temptations were not continuous but had a definitive end at this point. The departure of Satan signifies Jesus' triumph over the immediate trials. This victory is significant as it sets the stage for Jesus' public ministry, demonstrating His authority and sinlessness. The departure also fulfills the prophecy of Genesis 3:15, where the seed of the woman would crush the serpent's head, symbolizing Jesus' ultimate victory over sin and Satan.

until an opportune time
This phrase suggests that the devil's departure was temporary and that he would return at a more favorable moment. This foreshadows future encounters with demonic forces and opposition throughout Jesus' ministry, culminating in the events leading to His crucifixion. The "opportune time" can be seen in moments like Peter's denial (Luke 22:31-34) and Judas' betrayal (Luke 22:3-6), where Satan's influence is evident. This ongoing spiritual battle highlights the persistent nature of temptation and the need for vigilance and reliance on God's strength, as emphasized in Ephesians 6:10-18.

Jesus returned to Galilee
This phrase marks the beginning of Jesus' public ministry in Galilee, a region in northern Israel. Galilee was a significant area for Jesus' ministry, as it was home to many Gentiles and Jews, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy about a great light shining in Galilee (Isaiah 9:1-2). Jesus' return to Galilee follows His baptism and temptation in the wilderness, indicating a transition from preparation to active ministry. Galilee was known for its fertile land and diverse population, making it a strategic location for spreading His message.

in the power of the Spirit
This emphasizes the divine empowerment Jesus received from the Holy Spirit, which was evident after His baptism (Luke 3:21-22). The Holy Spirit's presence signifies God's approval and anointing for His mission. This empowerment is crucial for understanding Jesus' authority in teaching, healing, and performing miracles. It also connects to the Old Testament concept of the Spirit of the Lord coming upon individuals for specific tasks (e.g., Judges 6:34, 1 Samuel 16:13).

and the news about Him spread
The rapid spread of news about Jesus highlights the impact of His teachings and miracles. In a time without modern communication, word of mouth was the primary means of spreading information. Jesus' actions and teachings were so compelling that they quickly became the talk of the region. This phrase underscores the growing interest and curiosity about Jesus, setting the stage for both acceptance and opposition.

throughout the surrounding region
This indicates the geographical reach of Jesus' early ministry. The surrounding region includes not only Galilee but also areas like Judea and beyond. The spread of news throughout these regions fulfills the anticipation of a coming Messiah and prepares the way for Jesus' broader ministry. It also reflects the interconnectedness of communities in the ancient Near East, where news could travel quickly despite the lack of modern technology.

He taught in their synagogues
In the first-century Jewish context, synagogues were central places for worship, teaching, and community gatherings. Jesus teaching in synagogues highlights His role as a rabbi or teacher, a respected position within Jewish society. This setting allowed Him to reach a broad audience, including both devout Jews and those curious about His message. The synagogues provided a platform for Jesus to interpret the Scriptures, often leading to discussions and debates. This practice of teaching in synagogues is consistent with His mission to fulfill the Law and the Prophets, as seen in Matthew 5:17. It also aligns with the prophecy in Isaiah 61:1-2, which Jesus later reads in a synagogue, declaring His mission to bring good news to the poor.

and was glorified by everyone
The phrase indicates that Jesus was well-received and respected by those who heard Him. This initial acceptance contrasts with later opposition He faced, illustrating the varied responses to His ministry. The glorification by everyone suggests that His teachings resonated with the people, possibly due to His authority and the fulfillment of messianic expectations. This acceptance can be seen as a fulfillment of the prophecy in Isaiah 9:1-2, where the people who walked in darkness have seen a great light. The widespread glorification also prefigures the universal recognition of Jesus' authority and divinity, as later affirmed in Philippians 2:9-11, where every knee will bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord.

Then Jesus came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up.
Nazareth was a small town in the region of Galilee, known for its humble and unremarkable status. It was here that Jesus spent His formative years, growing up in a typical Jewish family. This phrase emphasizes Jesus' humanity and His connection to a specific community. The mention of Nazareth fulfills the prophecy that the Messiah would be called a Nazarene (Matthew 2:23). The town's reputation is highlighted in John 1:46, where Nathanael questions, "Can anything good come out of Nazareth?" This skepticism underscores the unexpected nature of Jesus' messianic role.

As was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath.
This phrase indicates Jesus' adherence to Jewish customs and laws, demonstrating His respect for the traditions and practices of His people. The synagogue was a central place for teaching, worship, and community gatherings. Jesus' regular attendance at the synagogue shows His commitment to communal worship and the study of Scripture. The Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, was instituted in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11) and was a vital aspect of Jewish life. Jesus' participation in synagogue services highlights His role as a teacher and His authority in interpreting the Scriptures.

And when He stood up to read,
In the synagogue, it was customary for a man to stand while reading from the Scriptures, signifying respect and reverence for God's Word. Jesus' action of standing to read indicates His active role in the service and His authority as a teacher. The reading of Scripture was a central part of synagogue worship, often followed by teaching or exposition. This moment foreshadows Jesus' public ministry, where He would frequently teach and interpret the Scriptures, revealing His identity and mission. The act of reading from the Scriptures also connects to the prophetic role of the Messiah, who would proclaim God's truth to His people.

the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him.
In the synagogue, it was customary to read from the Torah and the Prophets. The scroll of Isaiah, a significant prophetic book, was given to Jesus, indicating the high regard for Isaiah's writings. Isaiah is often quoted in the New Testament, highlighting its messianic prophecies. The act of handing the scroll to Jesus signifies His authority and the fulfillment of prophecy. Isaiah's prophecies, written around 700 years before Christ, contain numerous references to the coming Messiah, which Jesus fulfills.

Unrolling it,
Scrolls were the primary form of written scripture in the first century, made from papyrus or parchment. Unrolling the scroll was a deliberate act, showing Jesus' intention to read a specific passage. This action demonstrates His familiarity with the scriptures and His role as a teacher. The physical act of unrolling also symbolizes the revelation of God's word and the unfolding of His divine plan through Jesus.

He found the place where it was written:
Jesus intentionally selects a passage, showing His purpose and mission. This indicates His deep knowledge of scripture and His understanding of its fulfillment in His ministry. The passage He chooses is Isaiah 61:1-2, which speaks of the anointed one bringing good news, freedom, and healing. This choice underscores Jesus' identity as the Messiah and His mission to bring spiritual and physical restoration. The fulfillment of this prophecy is a central theme in the Gospels, as Jesus embodies the hope and salvation foretold by Isaiah.

The Spirit of the Lord is on Me
This phrase signifies the divine empowerment and presence of God upon Jesus. In the Old Testament, the Spirit of the Lord coming upon someone often indicated a special calling or mission (e.g., Judges 6:34, 1 Samuel 16:13). This anointing is a fulfillment of Isaiah 61:1-2, which prophesied the coming of the Messiah who would be empowered by the Spirit. The presence of the Holy Spirit marks Jesus as the chosen one, set apart for a divine purpose.

because He has anointed Me
Anointing in biblical times was a symbolic act of consecration, often involving oil, signifying being set apart for a specific role or task (e.g., priests, kings). Jesus is the Anointed One, the Messiah (Hebrew: Mashiach, Greek: Christos), fulfilling the messianic prophecies. This anointing is not with oil but with the Holy Spirit, indicating a spiritual mission and authority.

to preach good news to the poor
The "good news" or "gospel" is the message of salvation and the coming of God's kingdom. The poor, in this context, can refer to those who are economically disadvantaged, but also to the spiritually poor or humble (Matthew 5:3). Jesus' ministry focused on those marginalized by society, offering hope and redemption. This aligns with the prophetic tradition of caring for the poor and oppressed (Isaiah 58:6-7).

He has sent Me to proclaim liberty to the captives
This phrase echoes the Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25), a time when debts were forgiven, and slaves were freed. Jesus' mission includes spiritual liberation from sin and bondage (John 8:34-36). The captives can be seen as those bound by sin, demonic oppression, or societal injustices. This proclamation is a central theme of Jesus' ministry, offering freedom and restoration.

and recovery of sight to the blind
While Jesus performed physical healings, restoring sight to the blind (e.g., John 9:1-7), this phrase also symbolizes spiritual enlightenment. Blindness in scripture often represents a lack of understanding or spiritual insight (Isaiah 42:7, John 9:39-41). Jesus brings light to those in darkness, revealing truth and guiding them to salvation.

to release the oppressed
The oppressed are those burdened by sin, societal structures, or spiritual forces. Jesus' mission is to bring relief and deliverance, fulfilling the messianic prophecy of setting the oppressed free (Isaiah 58:6). This release is both physical and spiritual, offering a holistic salvation that addresses the needs of the whole person. Jesus' ministry consistently challenged oppressive systems and offered hope to those suffering.

to proclaim
This phrase indicates a public announcement or declaration. In the context of Jesus' ministry, it signifies the beginning of His public work and the fulfillment of His mission. The act of proclaiming is central to the role of a prophet, and Jesus, as the ultimate prophet, fulfills this role by announcing the coming of God's kingdom. This proclamation is not just verbal but is demonstrated through His actions and miracles, which authenticate His message.

the year of the Lord’s favor.
This phrase refers to the Jubilee year described in Leviticus 25:10, a time when debts were forgiven, slaves were freed, and land was returned to its original owners. It symbolizes a period of divine grace and mercy. In the context of Jesus' ministry, it signifies the inauguration of a new era of salvation and grace through Him. This is a fulfillment of Isaiah 61:1-2, where the prophet speaks of the coming Messiah who will bring good news to the poor and freedom to the captives. Jesus' use of this phrase in the synagogue at Nazareth (Luke 4:16-21) indicates that He is the fulfillment of this prophecy, ushering in a spiritual Jubilee where humanity is offered freedom from sin and reconciliation with God.

Then He rolled up the scroll
In the synagogue, the reading of Scripture was a central part of worship. Jesus, having read from the scroll of Isaiah, demonstrates His respect for the Jewish tradition by rolling it up carefully. This act signifies the completion of the reading and the transition to teaching. The scroll, likely made of parchment or papyrus, was a precious and sacred object, emphasizing the importance of the Scriptures in Jewish life. The passage He read (Isaiah 61:1-2) is a messianic prophecy, highlighting His role as the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets.

returned it to the attendant
The attendant, or "chazzan," was responsible for the care of the synagogue's scrolls. By returning the scroll, Jesus shows adherence to the synagogue's customs and respect for the established order. This act also signifies the end of the public reading and the beginning of His teaching, which was customary for a rabbi or teacher after reading the Scriptures. The role of the attendant underscores the organized structure of synagogue worship and the reverence for the Word of God.

and sat down
In Jewish tradition, teachers would sit to teach, a position of authority and respect. By sitting down, Jesus assumes the role of a rabbi, ready to expound on the Scriptures. This posture indicates that He is about to deliver an important message, inviting the congregation to listen attentively. Sitting to teach was a common practice, as seen in other parts of the Gospels, where Jesus often sits to deliver His teachings, such as the Sermon on the Mount.

The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fixed on Him
The congregation's focus on Jesus highlights the anticipation and expectation of His teaching. Having read a significant messianic prophecy, the people are eager to hear His interpretation and application. This moment captures the tension and curiosity surrounding Jesus' ministry, as He often spoke with authority and insight that challenged traditional understandings. The phrase also foreshadows the impact of His words and actions, which would captivate and sometimes divide His audience throughout His ministry.

and He began by saying
This phrase marks the beginning of Jesus' public declaration in the synagogue at Nazareth. It signifies the start of His teaching ministry, which is a pivotal moment in the Gospel narrative. Jesus, having read from the scroll of Isaiah, now transitions from reading to teaching, a common practice in Jewish synagogues where the reader would often expound on the text. This moment is significant as it sets the tone for His ministry, emphasizing His role as a teacher and prophet.

“Today this Scripture is fulfilled
The word "Today" emphasizes the immediacy and present reality of the fulfillment of prophecy. Jesus is referring to the passage He just read from Isaiah 61:1-2, which speaks of the anointed one bringing good news to the poor, freedom for the captives, and sight for the blind. By declaring its fulfillment, Jesus is identifying Himself as the Messiah, the anointed one sent by God. This claim is profound, as it asserts that the long-awaited promises of God are being realized in Him. The concept of fulfillment is central to the Gospel message, as it ties the Old Testament prophecies to the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ.

in your hearing.”
The phrase "in your hearing" indicates that the fulfillment of the prophecy is not just a distant or abstract concept but is happening in the presence of those listening. It underscores the personal and immediate nature of Jesus' ministry. The audience in the synagogue, familiar with the messianic expectations, would have understood the gravity of His claim. This statement challenges the listeners to recognize and respond to the revelation of God's plan unfolding before them. It also highlights the importance of faith and perception, as the fulfillment of God's promises requires acknowledgment and acceptance by those who hear.

All spoke well of Him
This phrase indicates the initial positive reception Jesus received from those in the synagogue. The people of Nazareth, His hometown, were impressed by His teaching. This reflects the common practice of Jewish synagogues where visiting teachers would be invited to read and expound on the Scriptures. The favorable response suggests that Jesus' reputation as a teacher and miracle worker had preceded Him, aligning with the accounts of His early ministry in Galilee.

and marveled at the gracious words that came from His lips.
The term "gracious words" highlights the wisdom and authority with which Jesus spoke. His teaching was characterized by grace, a hallmark of His ministry, as seen in John 1:14, where Jesus is described as "full of grace and truth." The marveling of the people suggests that His words were not only eloquent but also carried a depth and insight that was unexpected from someone they knew as a local carpenter. This reaction is consistent with other instances in the Gospels where Jesus' teaching astonished listeners (e.g., Matthew 7:28-29).

“Isn’t this the son of Joseph?” they asked.
This question reflects the skepticism and familiarity of the people of Nazareth. They knew Jesus as the son of Joseph, a carpenter, which made it difficult for them to reconcile His humble origins with the authority and wisdom He displayed. This skepticism is a recurring theme in the Gospels, where Jesus' identity and authority are questioned by those who knew Him before His public ministry. The reference to Joseph also underscores Jesus' humanity and His fulfillment of the prophecy of the Messiah coming from humble beginnings, as seen in Isaiah 53:2-3. This question foreshadows the rejection Jesus would face, as familiarity bred contempt among those who could not see beyond His earthly family ties.

Jesus said to them,
This phrase indicates that Jesus is addressing a specific audience, likely the people in the synagogue of Nazareth, His hometown. This setting is significant as it highlights the familiarity and skepticism of those who knew Him from His youth. Jesus often used direct speech to convey important teachings and to challenge prevailing attitudes.

“Surely you will quote this proverb to Me:
The use of the word "surely" suggests Jesus' awareness of the thoughts and expectations of His listeners. The mention of a proverb indicates a common saying or wisdom that would have been familiar to His audience. Proverbs were often used in Jewish culture to convey deeper truths or to challenge behavior.

‘Physician, heal yourself!
This proverb implies a demand for proof or validation. In the context of Jesus' ministry, it reflects the skepticism of the people of Nazareth who doubted His authority and power. The phrase suggests that they expected Jesus to demonstrate His miraculous abilities for their benefit, similar to how a physician would first heal his own ailments before treating others.

Do here in Your hometown
The reference to "Your hometown" emphasizes the setting of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. This phrase underscores the challenge Jesus faced in being accepted as a prophet in His own community. It reflects the broader biblical theme of a prophet not being honored in his own country, as seen in other scriptures like John 4:44.

what we have heard that You did in Capernaum.’”
Capernaum was a significant location in Jesus' ministry, often serving as His base of operations. The people of Nazareth had heard of the miracles and teachings Jesus performed there, such as healing the centurion's servant and the paralytic. This phrase highlights the expectation for Jesus to replicate those miracles in Nazareth, revealing a lack of faith and understanding of His mission. The demand for signs and wonders is a recurring theme in the Gospels, often contrasted with the call for genuine faith.

Then He added
This phrase indicates that Jesus is continuing a discourse, building upon what He has previously said. In the context of Luke 4, Jesus is speaking in the synagogue in Nazareth, His hometown, after reading from the scroll of Isaiah. This setting is significant as it marks the beginning of His public ministry. The addition of this statement serves to emphasize the point He is making about the reception of prophets.

Truly I tell you
This phrase is a solemn declaration, often used by Jesus to introduce a statement of great importance and truth. It underscores the authority with which Jesus speaks, akin to the Old Testament prophets who would declare, "Thus says the Lord." It is a call for the listeners to pay close attention to the truth being revealed.

no prophet is accepted
The rejection of prophets is a recurring theme in the Bible. Prophets like Jeremiah and Elijah faced significant opposition and were often not accepted by their own people. This statement highlights the pattern of resistance to God's messengers throughout Israel's history. It also foreshadows the rejection Jesus Himself will face, culminating in His crucifixion.

in his hometown
Nazareth, where Jesus grew up, is the specific hometown referenced here. The cultural context of the time placed great emphasis on familial and community ties, yet familiarity often bred contempt. This reflects a broader human tendency to undervalue what is familiar. The rejection in Nazareth is symbolic of the broader rejection Jesus would face from the Jewish people, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 53:3, which speaks of the Messiah being despised and rejected.

But I tell you truthfully
This phrase emphasizes the authority and certainty of Jesus' statement. In the Gospels, Jesus often uses such expressions to underscore the importance and veracity of His teachings. It reflects His role as a prophet and teacher, speaking with divine authority.

that there were many widows in Israel
Widows in ancient Israel were often among the most vulnerable members of society, lacking a husband's protection and provision. The mention of "many widows" highlights the widespread suffering and need during this period. This sets the stage for understanding the significance of God's intervention through Elijah.

in the time of Elijah
Elijah was a prominent prophet in Israel during the 9th century BC, known for his powerful miracles and confrontation with the idolatrous practices of King Ahab and Queen Jezebel. His ministry is recorded in 1 Kings 17-19. Elijah's time was marked by spiritual decline and apostasy in Israel, making his prophetic role crucial.

when the sky was shut for three and a half years
This refers to the drought that Elijah prophesied as a judgment from God due to Israel's idolatry and sin (1 Kings 17:1). The "three and a half years" is a specific period also mentioned in James 5:17, symbolizing a time of divine testing and judgment. The drought was a direct challenge to Baal, the Canaanite storm god, demonstrating the LORD's supremacy.

and great famine swept over all the land
The famine was a natural consequence of the prolonged drought, affecting not only Israel but surrounding regions. This severe famine underscores the seriousness of God's judgment and the dire circumstances faced by the people. It also sets the stage for God's miraculous provision through Elijah, as seen in the story of the widow of Zarephath (1 Kings 17:8-16).

This passage, as a whole, serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the importance of faithfulness to Him. It also foreshadows the inclusion of Gentiles in God's plan, as Elijah was sent to a Gentile widow, prefiguring the broader mission of Jesus.

Yet Elijah was not sent to any of them
This phrase highlights the sovereignty of God in choosing whom He sends His prophets to. Elijah, a prominent prophet in Israel, was not sent to the many widows in Israel during the severe famine. This underscores the theme of divine election and God's purposes that transcend human expectations. It also serves as a reminder of Israel's spiritual state at the time, which was marked by idolatry and rebellion against God, leading to a lack of receptivity to His prophets.

but to the widow of Zarephath
Zarephath was a town located in the region of Sidon, outside of Israel's borders. The choice of a Gentile widow as the recipient of God's miraculous provision through Elijah is significant. It prefigures the inclusion of Gentiles in God's redemptive plan, a theme that is further developed in the New Testament. This act of sending Elijah to a non-Israelite widow demonstrates God's compassion and willingness to extend His grace beyond the boundaries of Israel, challenging the prevailing Jewish exclusivism of the time.

in Sidon
Sidon was a major Phoenician city, known for its wealth and commerce. It was also a center of Baal worship, which was in direct opposition to the worship of Yahweh. The fact that Elijah was sent to a widow in this region highlights the contrast between the faith of a Gentile woman and the unbelief of many in Israel. This geographical detail emphasizes the reach of God's mercy and the breaking down of barriers between Jews and Gentiles, a theme that is echoed in the ministry of Jesus Christ, who often ministered to and praised the faith of Gentiles.

And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet.
This phrase highlights the prevalence of leprosy in ancient Israel, a disease that rendered individuals ceremonially unclean and socially ostracized according to Levitical law (Leviticus 13-14). Elisha, a successor of Elijah, was a prominent prophet in Israel during the 9th century BC, known for performing miracles and serving as a conduit of God's power. The mention of lepers underscores the physical and spiritual plight of Israel at the time, reflecting a nation in need of divine intervention. The historical context suggests a period of spiritual decline, where despite the presence of a powerful prophet, the people often turned away from God.

Yet not one of them was cleansed—
This part of the verse emphasizes the lack of healing among the Israelite lepers, which can be seen as a reflection of Israel's spiritual state. Despite the presence of a prophet like Elisha, who had the power to perform miracles, the Israelites' lack of faith and obedience to God resulted in their continued suffering. This serves as a reminder of the importance of faith and obedience in receiving God's blessings and healing. Theologically, it points to the idea that God's grace and mercy are not limited by ethnicity or nationality but are extended to those who demonstrate faith.

only Naaman the Syrian.
Naaman was a commander of the army of the king of Aram (modern-day Syria), a nation often at odds with Israel. His healing is recorded in 2 Kings 5, where he is cleansed of leprosy after following Elisha's instructions to wash in the Jordan River seven times. Naaman's healing signifies God's willingness to extend grace beyond the boundaries of Israel, foreshadowing the inclusion of Gentiles in God's redemptive plan. This act of cleansing a foreigner highlights the theme of God's sovereignty and the universality of His salvation. Naaman's faith and obedience, despite his initial reluctance, serve as a type of Christ's future ministry to the Gentiles, illustrating that faith, not heritage, is the key to receiving God's grace.

On hearing this
This phrase refers to the reaction of the people in the synagogue to Jesus' words. In the preceding verses, Jesus reads from the scroll of Isaiah and declares that the prophecy is fulfilled in their hearing. This bold claim, asserting His messianic identity, challenges the expectations of His audience. The synagogue was a central place for teaching and community gatherings, making Jesus' declaration particularly impactful.

all the people in the synagogue
The synagogue in Nazareth was likely a modest structure, typical of first-century Jewish places of worship. The audience would have been familiar with Jesus, as Nazareth was His hometown. This familiarity may have contributed to their skepticism and eventual anger, as they struggled to reconcile the Jesus they knew with the claims He made.

were enraged
The anger of the people can be understood in the context of Jewish expectations of the Messiah. Many anticipated a political liberator who would free them from Roman oppression. Jesus' message, emphasizing spiritual liberation and inclusion of Gentiles, was radical and offensive to their nationalistic hopes. This reaction also foreshadows the broader rejection Jesus would face, culminating in His crucifixion. The response of the synagogue attendees is reminiscent of the rejection faced by prophets in the Old Testament, highlighting a recurring theme of resistance to God's messengers.

They got up
This phrase indicates a collective action by the people present. In the context of Luke 4, Jesus was in the synagogue in Nazareth, His hometown, where He had just read from the scroll of Isaiah and declared its fulfillment. The reaction of the people was one of anger and disbelief, leading to this unified movement against Him. This reflects the common biblical theme of rejection of prophets by their own people, as seen in the experiences of prophets like Jeremiah and Elijah.

drove Him out of the town
The act of driving Jesus out of the town signifies a forceful rejection. Nazareth, being a small and close-knit community, would have been familiar with Jesus and His family, which may have contributed to their inability to accept His messianic claims. This rejection prefigures the broader rejection Jesus would face from the Jewish leaders and people, culminating in His crucifixion. It also fulfills the prophetic theme of the suffering servant found in Isaiah 53.

and led Him to the brow of the hill
Nazareth is situated in a hilly region, and the mention of the "brow of the hill" suggests a specific geographical feature. This location would have been known to the inhabitants and used here as a place of intended execution. The act of leading Jesus to this spot shows premeditated intent to harm, reflecting the hostility He faced throughout His ministry.

on which the town was built
This detail emphasizes the precarious position of Nazareth, both physically and spiritually. The town's location on a hill is symbolic of its elevated status in the minds of its inhabitants, who were unable to see beyond their preconceived notions of the Messiah. This setting also highlights the irony of their attempt to cast out the one who is the true foundation, as referenced in Psalm 118:22, "The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone."

in order to throw Him over the cliff
The intention to throw Jesus over the cliff is a stark representation of the ultimate rejection and desire to eliminate Him. This act of violence foreshadows the crucifixion, where Jesus would be rejected and killed outside the city. It also echoes the scapegoat ritual in Leviticus 16, where the sins of the people are placed on a goat and sent away, symbolizing Jesus as the one who bears the sins of the world. Despite their intentions, Jesus' time had not yet come, and He miraculously passed through the crowd unharmed, demonstrating His divine authority and control over His destiny.

But Jesus passed through the crowd
This phrase highlights the miraculous nature of Jesus' escape from a hostile situation. In the context of Luke 4, Jesus had just declared His messianic mission in the synagogue at Nazareth, which led to the crowd's anger. The ability to pass through the crowd unharmed suggests divine protection and authority. This moment can be seen as a fulfillment of the prophecy in Isaiah 61:1-2, which Jesus read earlier in the chapter, emphasizing His anointed mission. The crowd's inability to harm Him underscores His divine nature and the fact that His time had not yet come, as seen in other instances like John 7:30 and John 8:59, where Jesus eludes capture because His hour had not yet arrived.

and went on His way
This phrase indicates Jesus' determination and purpose in His ministry. Despite the rejection in Nazareth, He continues His mission, undeterred by opposition. This reflects the broader theme of Jesus' ministry, where He consistently moves forward with His divine purpose, as seen throughout the Gospels. The phrase also connects to the idea of Jesus as the Good Shepherd, who leads and guides with authority and purpose, as seen in John 10:11-18. His journey is not just a physical movement but a spiritual mission to bring salvation, as prophesied in the Old Testament and fulfilled in the New Testament.

Then He went down to Capernaum
Capernaum was a significant location in Jesus' ministry, often referred to as His "own city" (Matthew 9:1). Situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, it was a bustling fishing village and a center for trade and commerce. Archaeological excavations have uncovered a synagogue and other structures from the time of Jesus, providing insight into the daily life and religious practices of the inhabitants. The phrase "went down" indicates a descent in elevation from Nazareth to Capernaum, reflecting the geographical reality of the region.

a town in Galilee
Galilee was a fertile region in northern Israel, known for its diverse population and cultural influences due to its proximity to Gentile territories. This area was often looked down upon by Judeans, yet it played a crucial role in Jesus' ministry. Galilee's mixed population fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah 9:1-2, which speaks of a great light shining in Galilee of the Gentiles, pointing to the Messiah's outreach to all nations.

and on the Sabbath He began to teach the people
The Sabbath was a day of rest and worship, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening, as commanded in the Mosaic Law (Exodus 20:8-11). Synagogues served as places for teaching and community gatherings, where the Scriptures were read and expounded. Jesus' teaching on the Sabbath highlights His role as a rabbi and His authority in interpreting the Scriptures. His practice of teaching on the Sabbath is consistent with His mission to fulfill the Law and the Prophets (Matthew 5:17), and it often led to confrontations with religious leaders, as He challenged their interpretations and traditions.

They were astonished at His teaching
The reaction of astonishment indicates that Jesus' teaching was unlike anything the people had heard before. In the context of first-century Judaism, teaching was often based on the traditions of the elders and the interpretations of the scribes and Pharisees. Jesus, however, taught with a directness and clarity that was both new and compelling. This astonishment is echoed in other parts of the Gospels, such as Matthew 7:28-29, where the crowds are amazed because He taught as one having authority, not as their teachers of the law. The Greek word for "astonished" suggests a deep, overwhelming amazement, indicating that His teaching had a profound impact on His listeners.

because His message had authority
The authority of Jesus' message is a central theme in the Gospels. Unlike the scribes, who relied on quoting other authorities, Jesus spoke with inherent authority. This authority is rooted in His identity as the Son of God, fulfilling the prophecies of the Old Testament. In Isaiah 61:1-2, the Messiah is described as being anointed to preach good news, which Jesus explicitly claims in Luke 4:18-21. His authority is also demonstrated through His command over unclean spirits and His ability to perform miracles, as seen in the surrounding passages of Luke 4. This authority is not just in His words but in His actions, confirming His divine nature and mission. The authority of Jesus is a type of the ultimate authority He will exercise in His second coming, as prophesied in Revelation 19:15-16.

In the synagogue
The synagogue was a central place of worship and community gathering for Jewish people, especially during the time of Jesus. It served as a place for teaching, prayer, and reading of the Scriptures. Jesus often taught in synagogues, which highlights His role as a teacher and His engagement with Jewish religious life. The presence of a demon-possessed man in the synagogue underscores the spiritual battle taking place even in places of worship.

there was a man possessed by the spirit of an unclean demon.
Demon possession in the New Testament is often characterized by the presence of an "unclean spirit," indicating a spiritual impurity and opposition to God. The term "unclean" reflects Jewish purity laws, where anything unclean was considered unfit for worship or community life. This possession demonstrates the reality of spiritual warfare and the presence of evil even among God's people. The man's condition also sets the stage for Jesus' authority over demonic forces, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 61:1, which speaks of liberation for the captives.

He cried out in a loud voice,
The loud cry of the demon-possessed man signifies the demon's recognition of Jesus' authority and power. Throughout the Gospels, demons often react to Jesus' presence with fear and agitation, acknowledging His divine authority. This reaction is consistent with James 2:19, which states that even demons believe in God and shudder. The loud voice also serves to draw attention to the confrontation between Jesus and the forces of evil, highlighting the power struggle and the ultimate victory of Christ over demonic powers.

Ha!
This exclamation reflects a sudden and intense reaction, often associated with fear or surprise. In the context of the synagogue, it indicates the demon's recognition of Jesus' authority and presence, which is a common reaction of evil spirits when confronted by the divine.

What do You want with us, Jesus of Nazareth?
The demon's question reveals an awareness of Jesus' identity and mission. "Jesus of Nazareth" emphasizes His human origin, connecting Him to the town where He was raised. This phrase also highlights the tension between the spiritual realm and Jesus' earthly ministry, as demons recognize His authority over them. The question implies a confrontation between the forces of evil and the divine purpose of Jesus.

Have You come to destroy us?
This reflects the demon's fear of judgment and destruction, acknowledging Jesus' power over evil. The question suggests an awareness of the ultimate fate of demonic forces, as prophesied in scriptures like Genesis 3:15, where the seed of the woman will crush the serpent's head. It also foreshadows the eschatological defeat of evil, as seen in Revelation 20:10.

I know who You are—
The demon's declaration of knowledge indicates a spiritual recognition of Jesus' true identity, which contrasts with the lack of understanding among many of the people present. This acknowledgment underscores the spiritual insight that even demons possess regarding Jesus' divine nature.

the Holy One of God!
This title affirms Jesus' divine nature and His unique relationship with God. "Holy One" is a term used in the Old Testament to describe God's purity and separateness from sin (e.g., Psalm 16:10, Isaiah 43:3). By using this title, the demon acknowledges Jesus' sanctity and His role as the Messiah, the anointed one sent by God to fulfill His redemptive plan. This recognition aligns with other New Testament affirmations of Jesus' divinity, such as Peter's confession in John 6:69.

But Jesus rebuked the demon.
In the context of first-century Judea, demon possession was a recognized phenomenon, and exorcisms were not uncommon. However, Jesus' authority in rebuking the demon highlights His divine power and authority over the spiritual realm, distinguishing Him from other exorcists of the time. This act fulfills prophecies such as Isaiah 61:1, which speaks of the Messiah setting captives free. The term "rebuked" is significant, as it is often used in the Gospels to describe Jesus' authoritative command over nature and evil forces (e.g., Mark 4:39).

“Be silent!” He said.
Jesus' command for silence is a demonstration of His authority over the demon, preventing it from speaking further. This command may also reflect Jesus' desire to control the revelation of His identity and mission, as seen in other instances where He instructs demons or healed individuals not to disclose His identity (e.g., Mark 1:34, Mark 8:30). This reflects the Messianic Secret, a theme in the Gospels where Jesus gradually reveals His identity and mission.

“Come out of him!”
The command for the demon to come out is direct and effective, showcasing Jesus' power to liberate individuals from demonic oppression. This act of deliverance is a sign of the in-breaking Kingdom of God, as Jesus demonstrates His authority over evil. It also prefigures the ultimate victory over Satan and evil that will be accomplished through His death and resurrection. This command is reminiscent of the authority given to the disciples in Matthew 10:1, where they are empowered to cast out demons in Jesus' name.

At this, the demon threw the man down before them all
The demon's reaction of throwing the man down is a final act of defiance, yet it ultimately submits to Jesus' authority. This public display underscores the reality of spiritual warfare and the visible impact of Jesus' power over evil. The act of throwing down may also symbolize the demon's defeat and the liberation of the man, aligning with the biblical theme of God's power triumphing over chaos and disorder.

and came out without harming him.
The fact that the demon came out without harming the man is significant, as it demonstrates Jesus' compassionate authority and the completeness of His deliverance. Unlike other exorcisms of the time, which might have involved harm or prolonged struggle, Jesus' deliverance is immediate and complete. This reflects the nature of Jesus' ministry, which is characterized by healing and restoration. It also connects to the broader biblical narrative of God's protection and care for His people, as seen in passages like Psalm 91:11-12.

All the people were overcome with amazement
The reaction of the people highlights the extraordinary nature of Jesus' actions. In the context of first-century Judea, exorcisms were not uncommon, but the manner in which Jesus performed them was unprecedented. Unlike other exorcists of the time, who relied on lengthy rituals or incantations, Jesus simply spoke, and the spirits obeyed. This amazement reflects the fulfillment of prophecies such as Isaiah 61:1, where the Messiah is anointed to proclaim liberty to the captives, which includes spiritual liberation.

and asked one another, “What is this message?
The people’s question indicates their recognition of something new and authoritative in Jesus' teaching. In Jewish tradition, rabbis taught by citing other authorities, but Jesus spoke with inherent authority. This phrase connects to Deuteronomy 18:18-19, where God promises to raise up a prophet like Moses, whose words would carry divine authority. The message of Jesus was not just in words but demonstrated through powerful acts, confirming His divine mission.

With authority and power He commands the unclean spirits,
The authority and power of Jesus are central to His identity as the Son of God. In Jewish understanding, only God had ultimate authority over the spiritual realm. Jesus' ability to command unclean spirits directly and effectively demonstrates His divine nature and authority. This authority is further emphasized in Matthew 28:18, where Jesus declares that all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Him. The term "unclean spirits" refers to demonic forces, which were believed to cause physical and spiritual afflictions.

and they come out!”
The immediate obedience of the unclean spirits to Jesus' command underscores His supreme power over evil. This act is a foretaste of the ultimate victory over Satan and evil, as prophesied in Genesis 3:15, where the seed of the woman will crush the serpent's head. It also prefigures the complete deliverance and restoration that Jesus will bring in His kingdom. The expulsion of demons serves as a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, as Jesus Himself states in Luke 11:20, "But if I drive out demons by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you."

And the news about Jesus
This phrase highlights the growing reputation of Jesus as a teacher and miracle worker. In the context of Luke 4, Jesus has just performed a significant miracle by casting out an unclean spirit in the synagogue at Capernaum. This act demonstrated His authority over evil spirits, a key aspect of His ministry. The term "news" suggests that word of mouth was the primary means of communication, emphasizing the impact of Jesus' actions on those who witnessed them. This growing fame is a fulfillment of the prophecy in Isaiah 61:1-2, which Jesus read earlier in the chapter, declaring His mission to bring good news to the poor and proclaim liberty to the captives.

spread throughout
The verb "spread" indicates the rapid dissemination of information about Jesus' deeds. In the first-century context, news would travel quickly through personal interactions, marketplaces, and gatherings. This spreading of news is significant as it sets the stage for the large crowds that would soon follow Jesus, seeking healing and teaching. The spread of Jesus' fame also foreshadows the later spread of the Gospel message by the apostles, as seen in Acts, where the message of Christ reaches the ends of the earth.

the surrounding region
This phrase refers to the area around Capernaum, a town located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Capernaum served as a central hub for Jesus' Galilean ministry. The "surrounding region" would include towns and villages in Galilee, a region known for its diverse population and trade routes. This geographical context is important as it shows the strategic location of Jesus' ministry, allowing His message to reach a wide and varied audience. The spread of news in this region also fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 9:1-2, which speaks of a great light shining in Galilee, a land of the Gentiles, indicating the inclusive nature of Jesus' mission.

After Jesus had left the synagogue
This phrase indicates that the events occur on the Sabbath, as Jesus had been teaching in the synagogue. The synagogue was a central place for Jewish worship and community life, where the Torah was read and expounded. Jesus often taught in synagogues, demonstrating His role as a teacher and fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah 61:1-2, which He had just read in the synagogue (Luke 4:16-21). His authority in teaching and performing miracles was a sign of His messianic identity.

He went to the home of Simon
Simon, also known as Peter, was one of Jesus' first disciples. This visit to Simon's home in Capernaum highlights the close relationship between Jesus and His disciples. Capernaum was a significant location in Jesus' ministry, serving as His base of operations in Galilee. Archaeological evidence suggests that Capernaum was a prosperous fishing village, and the remains of what is believed to be Peter's house have been discovered, indicating the historical reliability of the Gospel accounts.

whose mother-in-law was suffering from a high fever
The mention of Simon's mother-in-law indicates that Simon was married, providing insight into the personal lives of the disciples. In the cultural context, a high fever was a serious condition, often seen as life-threatening. The detail of her illness underscores the human need for Jesus' healing power and compassion. This account also highlights the role of women in the Gospel narratives, as Jesus' ministry often included acts of kindness and healing towards women.

So they appealed to Jesus on her behalf
This phrase shows the faith and intercession of those present, likely including Simon and other family members. Their appeal to Jesus demonstrates their belief in His ability to heal and their trust in His compassion. Intercession is a recurring theme in Scripture, where individuals seek God's intervention for others, as seen in the prayers of Abraham (Genesis 18:22-33) and Moses (Exodus 32:11-14). This act of appealing to Jesus reflects the early recognition of His divine authority and foreshadows the role of Jesus as the ultimate intercessor for humanity.

and He stood over her
This phrase indicates Jesus' physical presence and authority. In biblical times, standing over someone could signify a position of authority or readiness to act. Jesus' presence is often associated with healing and divine intervention, as seen in other miracles throughout the Gospels. His standing over Peter's mother-in-law signifies His readiness to heal and His authority over sickness.

and rebuked the fever
The act of rebuking the fever demonstrates Jesus' authority over illness, similar to how He rebukes demons and the storm in other passages. This reflects His divine power and control over creation, aligning with the belief that all things are subject to Him. The use of "rebuke" suggests that sickness is not part of God's original design and can be confronted with divine authority.

and it left her
The immediate departure of the fever highlights the effectiveness and power of Jesus' command. This instantaneous healing is a testament to His divine nature and the fulfillment of messianic prophecies that the Messiah would bring healing and restoration. It also serves as a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, where sickness and suffering are overcome.

And she got up at once
Her immediate recovery and ability to rise without delay underscore the completeness of the healing. This contrasts with gradual healing processes and emphasizes the miraculous nature of Jesus' intervention. It also reflects the restoration of her strength and vitality, allowing her to resume her normal activities.

and began to serve them
Her response to serve is significant, reflecting gratitude and the restoration of her social role within the household. In the cultural context, hospitality was a valued virtue, and her service indicates a return to normalcy and community life. This act of service also symbolizes the appropriate response to Jesus' work in one's life—serving others and participating in the community of believers.

At sunset
The timing of this event is significant. The Jewish Sabbath ends at sunset, which means that people were now free to travel and carry burdens without breaking Sabbath laws. This context highlights the eagerness of the people to seek Jesus' healing as soon as it was permissible. The setting sun also symbolizes the end of an era of waiting and the beginning of a new day of hope and healing through Christ.

all who were ill with various diseases
This phrase underscores the widespread nature of sickness and suffering in the world, reflecting the fallen state of humanity. The mention of "various diseases" indicates that Jesus' healing power was not limited to specific ailments but was comprehensive. This diversity of illnesses also points to the universal need for a Savior who can address all forms of human brokenness.

were brought to Jesus
The act of bringing the sick to Jesus demonstrates the faith and hope of the people in His ability to heal. It also reflects the communal nature of faith, where friends and family play a role in bringing others to Christ. This mirrors the actions of the friends of the paralytic in Mark 2:3-5, showing the importance of intercession and support in the community of believers.

and laying His hands on each one
The laying on of hands is a significant gesture in biblical tradition, often associated with blessing, healing, and the impartation of the Holy Spirit. Jesus' personal touch signifies His compassion and willingness to engage intimately with those who are suffering. This act also fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 53:4, which speaks of the Messiah bearing our infirmities.

He healed them
This phrase highlights Jesus' divine authority and power over sickness, affirming His identity as the Son of God. The healing acts serve as a foretaste of the ultimate healing and restoration that will come through His death and resurrection. It also fulfills the messianic prophecy of Isaiah 61:1-2, which Jesus Himself reads in the synagogue earlier in Luke 4, declaring His mission to bring healing and liberation.

Demons also came out of many people
This phrase highlights the authority of Jesus over the spiritual realm, demonstrating His power to cast out demons. In the context of first-century Judea, demonic possession was a recognized affliction, and Jesus' ability to deliver people from such possession was a testament to His divine authority. This act fulfilled Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah bringing liberation and healing (Isaiah 61:1).

shouting, “You are the Son of God!”
The demons' recognition of Jesus as the "Son of God" underscores their awareness of His divine identity. This acknowledgment by spiritual beings contrasts with the misunderstanding or disbelief of many humans at the time. The title "Son of God" is significant, affirming Jesus' unique relationship with the Father and His divine nature, as seen in other scriptures like Matthew 16:16 and John 1:34.

But He rebuked the demons
Jesus' rebuke of the demons demonstrates His authority to silence them. This action reflects His control over the spiritual realm and His desire to prevent the demons from revealing His identity prematurely. The rebuke is consistent with His mission to reveal His identity and purpose according to God's timing, as seen in other instances where He commands silence (Mark 1:25).

and would not allow them to speak
By not allowing the demons to speak, Jesus exercises His authority to control the narrative of His ministry. This control is crucial in managing the spread of His identity as the Messiah, ensuring that His mission unfolds according to divine timing and purpose. This action also prevents the demons from causing confusion or fear among the people.

because they knew He was the Christ
The demons' knowledge of Jesus as "the Christ" indicates their awareness of His messianic role. "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of "Messiah," meaning "Anointed One." This recognition by the demons highlights the spiritual reality of Jesus' identity, which was often hidden from the human perspective. It also points to the fulfillment of messianic prophecies, such as those found in Isaiah 53 and Daniel 9:25-26, affirming Jesus as the promised deliverer.

At daybreak
This phrase indicates the time of day, suggesting a new beginning or fresh start. In the Jewish context, daybreak was a time for prayer and reflection, aligning with Jesus' habit of seeking solitude for communion with the Father. This practice is consistent with other instances in the Gospels where Jesus rises early to pray (Mark 1:35).

Jesus went out to a solitary place
Jesus often sought solitude to pray and recharge spiritually, demonstrating the importance of personal communion with God. This solitary place could have been a wilderness area, reflecting the desolate places where prophets like Elijah also sought God (1 Kings 19:4). It underscores Jesus' humanity and need for spiritual renewal.

and the crowds were looking for Him
The crowds' search for Jesus highlights His growing popularity and the people's desire for His teaching and miracles. This reflects the messianic expectations of the time, where many were looking for a deliverer. It also shows the tension between Jesus' need for solitude and the demands of His ministry.

They came to Him
The persistence of the crowds in finding Jesus demonstrates their desperation and hope in His power and message. This mirrors the human condition's search for truth and healing, as seen in other biblical accounts where people seek out Jesus for help (Mark 5:27-28).

and tried to keep Him from leaving
The crowds' attempt to keep Jesus from leaving indicates their desire to monopolize His presence and blessings. This reflects a misunderstanding of His mission, which was not limited to one group or location but was to spread the good news of the Kingdom of God to all (Luke 4:43). It also foreshadows the eventual rejection Jesus would face, as people often wanted Him on their terms rather than accepting His divine purpose.

But Jesus told them,
In this passage, Jesus is addressing the crowd or His disciples, emphasizing His mission. This phrase highlights Jesus' authority and purpose. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus often speaks directly to His followers and the crowds, providing guidance and teaching. His words carry weight and are meant to instruct and redirect focus.

“I must preach the good news of the kingdom of God
The "good news" refers to the Gospel, the message of salvation and redemption through Jesus Christ. The "kingdom of God" is a central theme in Jesus' teachings, representing God's sovereign rule and the spiritual realm where His will is fulfilled. This phrase underscores Jesus' role as a preacher and proclaimer of this divine message. The necessity ("I must") indicates a divine compulsion or mission, aligning with prophetic expectations of the Messiah bringing salvation (Isaiah 61:1).

to the other towns as well,
Jesus' mission was not limited to one location or group of people. His ministry was itinerant, moving from place to place to reach as many as possible. This reflects the inclusive nature of the Gospel, intended for all people, not just the Jews. It also fulfills the prophecy of a light to the Gentiles (Isaiah 49:6). The geographical spread of His ministry foreshadows the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20).

because that is why I was sent.”
This phrase indicates Jesus' awareness of His divine mission and purpose. The concept of being "sent" is significant, as it implies a sender, God the Father, and a mission to accomplish. This aligns with the Johannine theme of Jesus being sent by the Father (John 3:17, John 5:36). It emphasizes the divine plan and Jesus' obedience to the Father's will, fulfilling the role of the suffering servant prophesied in Isaiah 53.

And He continued to preach
This phrase highlights the ongoing nature of Jesus' ministry. His preaching was not a one-time event but a continuous effort to spread the message of the Kingdom of God. This reflects the dedication and urgency of His mission. The Greek word for "preach" here is "kērussō," which means to proclaim or herald, indicating the authoritative nature of His message. Jesus' preaching was central to His ministry, as seen throughout the Gospels, where He consistently taught about repentance, the coming Kingdom, and the fulfillment of prophecy.

in the synagogues
The synagogue was the center of Jewish religious life and community gatherings. It served as a place for prayer, reading of the Scriptures, and teaching. Jesus' choice to preach in synagogues shows His initial focus on the Jewish people, fulfilling His role as the Messiah promised to Israel. Synagogues provided a ready audience familiar with the Scriptures, allowing Jesus to connect His teachings to the Old Testament prophecies. This setting also reflects the pattern of the early church, where the apostles often began their ministry in synagogues before reaching out to the Gentiles.

of Judea
Judea was a significant region in the southern part of ancient Israel, encompassing Jerusalem, the religious and cultural heart of Judaism. Preaching in Judea indicates Jesus' strategic approach to His ministry, starting in areas with strong Jewish identity and influence. This region was also the site of many prophetic fulfillments, as the Messiah was expected to arise from the lineage of David, whose city was Bethlehem in Judea. Jesus' presence in Judea underscores His fulfillment of messianic prophecies and His role as the Savior for both Jews and Gentiles.